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课时提能练(三十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·河南天一大联考，D)You can relax if remembering everything isn't your
strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength—in
fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.
Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering
everything. But looking through years of recent memory data，researchers found that
the neurobiology of forgetting can be just as important to our decision making as
what our minds choose to remember.
Making intelligent decisions doesn't mean you need to have all the information
at hand.It just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that
means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most uptodate information
on clients and situations. Our brains do this by creating new neurons (神经元) in our
hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite (重写) existing memories that are
influencing our decisionmaking.
If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brain's learning region,
try exercising. Some aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking and swimming has
been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our
brains.
When we forget the names of certain clients or details about old jobs, the brain is
making a choice that these details don't matter. Although too much forgetfulness can
be a cause for concern，the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy
memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decisionmaking by
stopping us from focusing too much on unimportant past details.Instead, the brain
helps us remember the most important part of a conversation.
We can get blamed for being absent minded when we forget past events in
perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall (记忆) can be overvalued. Our
brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every
story.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。最新的研究表明：健忘可能是一种优势，事
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实上，选择性记忆甚至可能是高智商的标志。
1．How can we help our brains produce more neurons?
A．By having deep sleep frequently.
B．By practicing swimming regularly.
C．By doing mental labor repeatedly.
D．By learning new skills constantly.
B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们如何帮助我们的大脑产生更多的神经
元？根据文章第四段中的“Some aerobic exercise like jogging，power walking and
swimming has been found to increase the number of neurons...(已经发现诸如慢跑、
快走、游泳之类的有氧运动可增加神经元的数量……)”可知答案为 B 项。A：
通过时常深度睡眠；C：通过反复做脑力劳动；D：通过不断学习新技能。]
2．Which of the following can best replace “facilitate” underlined in Paragraph
5?
A．Postpone. B．Repeat.
C．Promote. D．Abuse.
C [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下面哪个词可以最好地替代第五段中的画
线词“facilitate”？根据画线词前面的(偶尔忘记细节可能表明记忆系统是非常
健康的)可推知画线句应为：研究人员发现我们的大脑通过阻止我们过分关注过
去的一些不重要的细节而推动(promote)决策。综上所述，本题答案为 C 项。A：
推迟；B：重复；D：滥用。]
3．What conclusion can be drawn from the text?
A．Memory loss is well worth noticing.
B．Decisions can't be made without memories.
C．We shouldn't stress total recall too much.
D．Forgetting is even more important than remembering.
C [推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可从文中得出什么结论？根据题干中
的 conclusion 可推知本题答案区间在最后一段。根据文章最后一段中的“These
findings show us that total recall(记忆) can be overvalued.(这些发现向我们表明：完
全记忆的能力可能被高估了。)”可知答案为 C 项(我们不应该太强调完全记忆)。]
B
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(2019·福建福安六中月考，C)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but
nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it's long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽)—chemicals in the
body that cause happiness—are behind the socalled “runner's high” ， a study
suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several
German universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素)
may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids
after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels,
the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However,
when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runner's high
symptoms seemed to fade.
“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is
false.Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in
your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on
science blog Lifehacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it's already well known
that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK's National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients
who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy，which might put you off
being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and
it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression，”it wrote
on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if
we don't fully understand where it comes from. At least if we' re feeling down, we
know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，但在跑道上跑上几圈
后跑步者会产生一种愉悦感。长期以来，人们普遍认为这种愉悦感是一种名为内
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啡肽的化学成分产生的，但一项新的研究结果证明情况并非如此。
4．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B．The runner's high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one's high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one's mood.
B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：最近，来自德国几所大学的科学家们发现
了什么？根据第三段(根据最近一组来自德国几所大学的科学家所发表的一份报
告，事实上，一组被称为内源性大麻素的化学物质可能导致了这种人们熟悉的愉
悦感)可知答案为 B 项(跑步者愉悦感可能是由内源性大麻素造成的)。]
5．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ________．
A．find what reduces the runner's high symptoms
B．see the specific symptoms of the runner's high
C．identify what is responsible for the runner's high
D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
C [细节理解题。本题题干意为：科学家在实验中给小白鼠药物是为了
________？根据第三、四段尤其是第四段“To test this theory，the scientists turned
to mice.”可知答案为 C 项(以鉴别是什么物质产生 the runner's high“跑步者愉悦
感”)。]
6．The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to
________．
A．effect B．goal
C．question D．belief
D [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第七段中的画线词“notion”与________
意思最相近？该词所在句子与第二段内容相呼应，因此 notion 的意思是“观
点”，与 belief 意思最相近，故答案为 D 项。]
7 ． According to the UK's National Health Service, regular workouts
________．
A．are the best way to treat depression
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B．can help ease depression symptoms
C．only work for those with serious depression
D．can help people completely recover from depression
B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据英国国民健康服务体系，经常锻炼
________。根据倒数第二段中“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have
depression， and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中 等 的 )
depression(如果你心情郁闷，经常锻炼可以提升情绪，对于那些患轻微至中等抑
郁症的人来说尤其重要)”可知答案为 B 项(可有助于缓解抑郁的症状)。]
C
(2020·湖北襄阳四中 3 月检测，D)As the world's population continues to
increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data
collected by the World Bank Group, nations will generate 4 billion tons of waste
annually by the year 2100. The pollution from trash is not only ruining the world's
oceans, air and soil but endangering all living creatures.
For years government agencies have been telling citizens to live a zerowaste
lifestyle. Traditionally, manufacturers would make a product to be used and thrown by
consumers.This linear model of production offered no help in the fight against global
waste. Alternatively, a circular economy has been introduced.This is a system which
aims to minimize waste and restore used materials. Once a product's value is
exhausted, the materials are recycled and returned to manufacturers. The outcome is
less waste.
In 2016，The Wall Street Journal reported on Taiwan Island's recycling success
rate in an article titled The World's Geniuses of Garbage Disposal. In 1997, Taiwan
established its signature 4 in 1 Recycling Program, consisting of communities ，
recycling enterprises，government cleaning teams and the Recycling Fund. Residents
separate their recyclable waste and bring it to their community's recycling
locations.The local government collection teams and private collectors collect
it.Recycling companies buy waste materials from them to generate profits.Importers
and manufacturers who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the
Recycling Fund.The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program used to
subsidize ( 资 助 ) the recycling disposal system, support education, research and
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development as well as finance recycling efforts in the future.
By following a circular system, more products than ever are being manufactured
using recycled materials. For example，used tires can be recovered to pave roads,
while plastic is reused to make new plastic products.And it also helps to conserve
natural resources, reduce pollution, save landfill space and even create new job
opportunities.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然。文章介绍了一种新的
循环体系。
8．Why has a circular economy been introduced?
A．The population is on the rise.
B．It can help handle global waste.
C．The living creatures on the earth are getting less diverse.
D．Traditional products are not environmentally friendly.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is a system which aims to minimize
waste and restore used materials.”可知，这种体系有助于应对全球垃圾。]
9．What can we learn about the 4in1 Recycling Program?
A．The recyclable materials can be collected officially or privately.
B．The importers and manufacturers cover the costs of the program.
C．Recycling companies buy waste materials from the residents.
D．The government invests money as the recycling fund.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The local government collection teams
and private collectors collect it.”可知，可循环使用的废弃物是由政府和个人共同
收集的。故选 A 项。]
10．What's the effect of the circular system?
A．It will cause no waste or pollution.
B．It reduces the costs of the products.
C．It helps lower the unemployment rate.
D．All the materials can be recycled again.
C [推理判断题。由文中最后一句中“even create new job opportunities”可
知，循环体系可以创造新的工作机会，有助于降低失业率。故选 C 项。]
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11．Which of the following does the text suggest?
A．Do nothing by halves.
B．All that glisters isn't gold.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．One man's trash is another man's treasure.
D [推理判断题。本文主要讲述了对于废弃物的回收和循环利用，在某些方
面看似无用的垃圾可能会被很好地利用在其他方面，故选 D 项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(山东省济南市 2021 届高三一次质检)We've all heard the phrase,
“Work smarter, not harder.”When it comes to studying, there are some very specific
ways you can improve your effectiveness without adding loads of extra work.
Create a game plan. Before you begin your study session, create a game plan for
exactly how you will study. Consider what you will study, how long you'll spend on
each subject and what study methods you will use. 1 Take at least 10 minutes
before your study session to map out your game plan.
Outline your notes. Taking the time to boil your notes down to a standard outline
can help you grasp the overall concepts you're studying. You certainly can borrow or
copy someone else's notes, but you must work hard to put everything in your own
words. 2 Many times, understanding the big picture is just as important as
remembering all the individual facts. Outlining allows you to file individual facts
under larger ideas.
Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in school but it's crucial
for success. 3 Seek to carry out a balanced life. Make sure to maintain a social
life and develop hobbies outside of school. Stay in touch with your family and keep
them informed of your school progress. It's certainly a challenge, but living in
balance will keep you on the path to success.
4 If you want to do well in school, you simply have to do it. But there are
specific ways to study better. To make the most of your limited time. 5 By
following the methods above, you can raise the quality of your studying sessions
without necessarily increasing the quantity.
A．To keep from spinning your wheels.
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B．There's no way to get around studying.
C．Write out your notes by hand during class.
D．If you don't, you'll fail to understand the larger concept.
E．This allows you to study the right materials at the right time.
F．The last thing you want to do is bury yourself in a mountain of books.
G．Don't spend all your time studying or all your time hanging with friends.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高学习效率的一些具体
的方法。
1．E [根据上文“Create a game plan. Before you begin your study session,
create a game plan for exactly how you will study. Consider what you will study, how
long you'll spend on each subject and what study methods you will use.”可知制定一
个游戏计划。在你开始学习之前，为你将如何学习制定一个游戏计划。考虑一下
你要学什么，每门课要花多长时间，以及你要用什么学习方法。由此可知，上文
提出方法，本句说明这个方法的作用在于可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材
料。故 E 选项“这可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料”符合语境，故选 E。]
2．D [根据上文“You certainly can borrow or copy someone else's notes, but
you must work hard to put everything in your own words.”可知你当然可以借或抄
别 人 的 笔 记 ， 但 你 必 须 努 力 用 自 己 的 话 表 达 。 以 及 后 文 “Many times,
understanding the big picture is just as important as remembering all the individual
facts.(很多时候，理解大局和记住所有的个别事实一样重要)”由此可知，上文提
到用自己的话表达是为了更好地理解概念，如果不这样做，就无法理解更大的概
念。故 D 选项“如果你不这样做，你就无法理解更大的概念”符合语境，故选 D。]
3．G [根据上文“Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in
school but it's crucial for success.”可知保持平衡。在学校里很难保持平衡，但这
是成功的关键。由此可知，本句承接上文具体说明，要保持平衡意味着不要把你
所有的时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上。故 G 选项“不要把你所有的
时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上”符合语境，故选 G。]
4．B [根据后文“If you want to do well in school, you simply have to do it.”
可知如果你想在学校取得好成绩，你就必须这样做。由此可知，要想在学校取得
好成绩，那么努力学习是无法逃避的，你必须学习。故 B 选项“学习是没有办
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法逃避的”符合语境，故选 B。]
5．A [根据上文“To make the most of your limited time.”可知充分利用你
有限的时间。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，充分利用有限的时间意味着不要磨
洋工，本句与上文为并列关系。故 A 选项“不要磨洋工”符合语境，故选 A。]
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