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主题语境(五) 创新与创业意识
阅读理解
A (2020·天津 5 月卷·B)
One of the most stressful days of Susan McFrederick's life was watching her
son get wheeled away for surgery hours after he was born in 2011.
But after the operation，Susan burst into tears for a different reason：across
the cut on their newborn son's back was a sweet winter scene，handdrawn on
his bandages(绷带)．
“There were rolling hills of snow，a pine tree and a snowman with a hat
and broom，” she recalled.“It was extremely touching and comforting to know
that somebody had taken the time to do that for my family.It was a moment I'll
never forget.”
Susan soon learned the artist was her son's surgeon，Robert Parry，who
discovered another way to use his hands in the mid1980s during his internship
(实习期) at a children's medical center，where he saw one of his colleagues cut
out heart and shark shapes to decorate children's bandages.
“My first reaction was，'What is he doing？Hey，that's kind of neat，'”
Parry recalled.“I especially liked the reactions of the parents and the patients when
they saw his artwork. The smiles took everyone's attention from the surgery. Then
I decided to follow suit.”
Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks，and started to surprise
families with drawings that captured young patients' personalities. From Snoopy
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to SpiderMan and bears to butterflies，there isn't much he hasn't drawn. Most
kids want superheroes，sports team logos or princesses，while babies often receive
scenes with flowers，trees and sea creatures. During the last 30 years，Parry estimates
he has left examples of his handiwork over the stitches (伤口缝线) of more than
10，000 children.
“During a time of stress for families，it's nice to be able to help them smile
and laugh，” Parry said.“This is something positive that I can do for them，
which is what I like most about it.”
For Parry，the reward is knowing he hopefully made a difference in a child's
life, and except for his drawings on bandages，“they can go on and live their lives
and never know I was in it，” he said.
He's not ready to retire，but he's found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful
in the years to come.
“I've taken up knitting (编织)，” Parry said.“Hats，sweaters，gloves－
I enjoy it all.But mostly，I enjoy giving everything away.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了医生 Robert Parry 在手术后
帮助病人缓解压力的独特方法－－在绷带上画画。
1．Susan burst into tears after her baby's operation because she was ________．
A．moved B．amused
C．stressed D．heartbroken
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But after the operation，Susan burst into
tears for a different reason：across the cut on their newborn son's back was a sweet
winter scene，handdrawn on his bandages(绷带)．”以及第三段中的“It was
extremely touching and comforting to know that somebody had taken the time to
do that for my family.”可推知，Susan 突然大哭起来的原因是有人肯花时间为
她的家庭做暖心的事，这让她很感动，故 A 项正确。]
2．How did Parry get the idea of decorating children's bandages?
A．He was motivated by his patients.
B．He was inspired by his colleague.
C．He was required to learn the skill during his internship.
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D．He was encouraged by Susan to show his genius for art.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“where he saw one of his colleagues cut
out heart and shark shapes to decorate children's bandages”以及第五段最后一
句“Then I decided to follow suit.”可知，Parry 装饰孩子绷带的想法是从他的
同事那里得到的启发，故 B 项正确。]
3．Parry's artworks during the last 30 years show that he ________．
A．devoted himself more to art than to medicine
B．knew more about his patients than their parents
C．took into consideration the tastes of individual patients
D．created a large number of works beyond his expectations
C [细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Parry quickly graduated from his early
hearts and sharks，and started to surprise families with drawings that captured young
patients' personalities.From Snoopy to SpiderMan and bears to butterflies，there
isn't much he hasn't drawn.Most kids want superheroes，sports team logos or
princesses，while babies often receive scenes with flowers，trees and sea creatures.”
可知，Parry 根据不同孩子的喜好来画画，例如史努比、蜘蛛侠，以及动植物、
公主等，也就是说，Parry 进行艺术创作时将病人的个人喜好考虑在内，故 C 项
正确。]
4．What does Parry expect to achieve with his artworks?
A．To get a reward from the artistic circle.
B．To win the admiration of his colleagues.
C．To make a difference in his dull medical career.
D．To lift the spirits of his patients and their parents.
D [细节理解题。根据第七段中的“'During a time of stress for families，
it's nice to be able to help them smile and laugh，'Parry said.'This is something
positive that I can do for them，which is what I like most about it.'”可知，
Parry 希望他的作品能帮助减轻病人以及他们家人的压力并振奋他们的情绪，故
D 项正确。]
5．What can we learn about Parry from the last two paragraphs of the passage?
A．He is eager to show others his new skills.
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B．He enjoys trying new ways to help others.
C．He is looking forward to life after retirement.
D．He is more interested in knitting than drawing.
B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“he's found a new hobby to keep his
hands skillful in the years to come”及最后一段中的“I've taken up knitting (编
织)”“But mostly，I enjoy giving everything away.”可知，Parry 找到了新的
爱好，他开始编织，并且喜欢把所有编织的东西送给别人，由此可推知，Parry
喜欢尝试新方式来帮助别人，故 B 项正确。]
B (2019·北京卷·B)
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up
her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions
of dollars with the invention of a supersweet treat that could save kids' teeth，
instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the
outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded
her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick
of missing out on candies.So she desired to get round the warning,
“Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents
can't say no to it？” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start
her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to
dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online
and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly. She
also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she
succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can
reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards,
she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner,
who finally agreed to sell Moore's product－CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young
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entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also
positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a
clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal
teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven
primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their
smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent
and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创业成功的故事。
小女孩 Alice Moore 面对问题不退缩，想办法解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次
实验，最终创业成功。她也给更多的孩子带来健康和微笑。
6．How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A．She argued with him.
B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention.
D．She chose to consult dentists.
B [推理判断题。根据题干中关键词 warning 可直接定位到第二段第五句，
该句表示 Alice Moore 想要解决父亲提出的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的
机会，故 B 项“她试图找到解决的办法”为正确选项。]
7．What is special about CanCandy?
A．It is beneficial to dental health.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies.
D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
A [推理判断题。CanCandy 为语篇的线索性词汇，它是 Alice Moore 的公
司研发的新产品。题干是问 CanCandy 的特别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，
根据本句内容可知，它“既可口又对牙齿无害”，故 A 项“它有益于牙齿健康”
正确。]
8．What does Moore expect from her business?
A．To earn more money.
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B．To help others find smiles.
C．To make herself stand out.
D．To beat other candy companies.
B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“She hopes that every kid can
have a clean mouth and a broad smile.”可知，Alice Moore 希望每位小朋友都
有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑容。B 项意为“帮助别人找到笑容”，与原文意思相符。]
9．What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
C [推理判断题。文章介绍了 Alice Moore 年纪虽小，但面对问题不退缩，
积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最后创业成功的故事。故 C 项正确。]
C (2018·江苏卷·B)
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a
special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup,
Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish
Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about
restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves
about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.
When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one,
customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they
couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extralarge shares ate more than
everyone else，but were none the wiser－they didn't feel fuller, and they were
just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types
of restaurants. Unlike fastfood places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay
longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra
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round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical, rather than pop, music was
playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have
an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent
more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending－“bad”
tables, crowding，high prices － don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables － next
to the kitchen door, say － spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can
be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about 'bad'
tables，” given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found
that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.
And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent
tastier.
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。介绍了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，
介绍了刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅就餐的一些错误认识。
10．The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably
implies that the customers were ________．
A．not aware of eating more than usual
B．not willing to share food with others
C．not conscious of the food quality
D．not fond of the food provided
A [词义猜测题。根据文章第三段画线部分的前句“they couldn't tell how
much they'd had: those given extralarge shares ate more than everyone else”
可知在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据画线后的句子“they didn't feel
fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert”可知他们虽然吃得很多，但并
没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，所以 A
正确。]
11．How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A．Playing classical music.
B．Introducing lemon scent.
C．Making the light brighter.
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D．Using plates of larger size.
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical, rather than pop, music
was playing, diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时
候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more 就是对题干中 make more profit 的语意转
化。故选 A 项。]
12．What does the last paragraph talk about?
A．Tips to attract more customers.
B．Problems restaurants are faced with.
C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
D [段落大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile, things that you
might expect to discourage spending－'bad' tables, crowding，high prices － don't
necessarily.”可知你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如位置“不好”的桌位、拥
挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段
主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选 D。]
D (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D)
A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking
water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors
in the U ． S.Department of Agriculture ， it's an excellent water
collector.Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since
it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required，
though，are a 5′×5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic，six feet of plastic
tube，and a container－perhaps just a drinking cup－to catch the water. These pieces
can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet
across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the
water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then
lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of
the line runs up－and out－the side of the hole.
Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic
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with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic should
now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45degreeangled sides. The low point of the sheet
must be centered directly over，and no more than three inches above，the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water
evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form，run down
the material，and fall off into the cup. When the container is full，you can suck
the refreshment out through the tube，and won't have to break down the still every
time you need a drink.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何自制太阳能蒸馏器以便
在野外获取饮用水。
13．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A．It's delicate. B．It's expensive.
C．It's complex. D．It's portable.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These pieces can be folded into a neat
little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知，这些东西可以折叠放进小包中系在
腰带上，由此可知这一太阳能蒸馏器装置是“便携的”，故选 D 项。A 项中 delicate
意为“易碎的”，B 项中 expensive 意为“昂贵的”，C 项中 complex 意为“复杂
的”，均不符合文意。]
14．What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in Paragraph 2 refer
to?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要
挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高 the water
catcher 的产量，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选 B
项。本题易误选 D 项，结合全文可知生产力是整个装置的而不是作为其中一部
分的杯子的。]
15．What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A．Dig a hole of a certain size.
B．Put the cup in place.
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C．Weight the sheet's center down.
D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...weighting the sheet's center down
with a rock.”可知最后一步是用石块将塑料板的中心位置压下去，故选 C 项。
A、B、D 三项曲解文意。A 项“挖一个一定尺寸的洞”、B 项“把杯子放在正确
位置”和 D 项“用塑料板盖好洞”均不是制作蒸馏器装置的最后一步。]
16．When a solar still works，drops of water come into the cup from ________．
A．the plastic tube B．outside the hole
C．the open air D．beneath the sheet
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，地下水蒸发后在塑料板下方凝结成
水滴，然后坠落到杯子里，故选 D 项。A、B、C 三项曲解文意。根据最后一段
可知，水滴不是从“塑料试管”“洞的外面”或“露天”进入到杯子中的。]
1．surgery n．外科手术
2．operation n. 手术；操作
3．handdrawn adj. 手绘的
4．bandage n. 绷带
5．broom n．扫帚
6．extremely adv. 非常；极其
7．surgeon n. 外科医生
8．shark n. 鲨鱼
9．neat adj. 整洁的；整齐的
10．handiwork n．手工(艺)；手工(艺)制品
11．consequently adv. 结果；所以
12．generate v．发生；使产生
13．substitute n．替代物
14．component n．成分；部件
15．sheet n. 薄片；薄板；床单
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16．damp adj. 潮湿的
17．suck v. 吸吮；吸取
1．recall v. 回忆；回想
2．center v. 集中 n. 中心；中央
3．personality n. 个性；性格
4．estimate v. 估计；判断
5．savings n．储蓄；存款
6．enthusiastic adj.热心的
7．reputation n．名声；声誉；声望
8. sharp adj. 锋利的；强烈的；急剧的
9．weight v. 加重量于；使变重
n．重量；重力
1．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休；引退→retired adj. 退休的；
退役的
2．permit vt.&vi.许可； 允许； 准许 n.通行证； 许可证； 执照→ permission
n．许可
3．agree vi.同意→disagree vi.不同意→ agreement n．协议；同意，一致
4．profit n. 利润；利益→profitable adj. 有利可图的；赚钱的
5．produce vt.生产→production n．生产；制造→ producer n．生产者；制
片人→product n. 产品；作品→productivity n．生产力；生产率
6．establish v．建立；创立；确立→established adj.已确立的→establishment
n．建立；创立；确立
7．equip vt.&vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)
8．fold v．折叠，对折 →unfold v. 展开；打开
9．fresh adj. 新鲜的；清新的；淡水的→refresh v. 更新；使……恢复；使……
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清新；消除……的疲劳 vi. 恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养→refreshment
n. 饮料；点心；提神的东西
1．burst into tears 突然哭起来
2．kind of 有点儿；有几分
3．make a difference 有影响；有关系；起作用
4．in the years to come 在即将来临的几年里；在未来几年里
5. lift the spirits of 振奋……的精神
6．be sick of 厌倦……
7．dine out 外出就餐
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．It is estimated (estimate) that he has gone abroad for further education.
2．A year after his retirement (retire), he began to work as a businessman.
3．Plans for a peace conference failed due to the disagreement (agreement)
on who should be allowed to attend. Up to now, they still don't agree with each
other.
4．I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviors
will make a difference.
5．Time permitting(permit), I expect to take part in more activities where
we can have our friendship strengthened.
6．Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been
able to use less farmland to produce more crops.
7．He folded his arms and lowered his head as usual before he was in deep
thought.
8．This famous company has produced(produce) twice as many electric vehicles
this year as last year.
9．Hearing the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple
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burst into tears.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．One of the most stressful days of Susan McFrederick's life was watching
her son get wheeled away for surgery hours after he was born in 2011. 用有
轮之物推动
2．So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy
candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？”避开
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．The smiles took everyone's attention from the surgery.Then I decided to
follow suit.
[译文] 微笑吸引了诊疗室每个人的注意力。然后我决定效仿。
2．When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white
one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
[译文] 当一个深色蛋糕用黑盘子而不是白盘子盛着被端上桌时，顾客们公
认它更香甜可口。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what
a healthier candy would contain.
[分析] He recommended 后是一个由 that 引导的宾语从句，因为动词是
recommend(建议)，所以 that 从句中的谓语动词应该用 should do 形式，should
可以省略；在 that 从句中还包含一个宾语从句 what a healthier candy would
contain，作介词 about 的宾语。
[译文] 他建议她做一些研究，并与牙科医生探讨一下更健康的糖果会含有
什么成分。
2．With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online
and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly.
[分析] 本句中，主句为 spend time doing 结构，其中 and 连接两个并列动
作 researching 和 conducting; that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a recipe，且在从
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句中作主语。
[译文] 为了得到一个既美味又对牙齿有益的配方，经过父亲的允许，她花
了两年时间进行在线调研和试验。
3．A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain
drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句。主句为 A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器)is
one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas，其中不定式短语作后置
定语，修饰 one of the best ways；where the liquid is not readily available 是定
语从句，修饰先行词 areas。
[译文] 在不易获取饮用水的地方，自建太阳能蒸馏器仍是获得饮用水的最
佳方式之一。
4．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup
and the rest of the line runs up－and out－the side of the hole.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句。主句 lay the tube in place 为祈使句；so that
引导结果状语从句，该从句是由 and 连接的并列句。
[译文] 然后把管子放在适当的地方，让管子的一端完全放在杯子里，剩余
部分向上延伸到坑的外部。
1．inspire v．赋予灵感，启示，启迪；激励，鼓舞
(1)inspire hope/loyalty/enthusiasm in sb.燃起某人的希望/唤起某人的忠诚/
激发某人的热情
(2)
inspire sb.to sth.
inspire sb.with sth.
inspire sb.to do sth.
激励某人……
(3)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
(4)inspiration n. 灵感
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be an inspiration to sb. 给某人以鼓舞
inspire a strong desire for discovery 激起强烈的探索欲望
listening to his inspiring speech 聆听他鼓舞人心的演讲
inspired us with her will and enthusiasm
用她的意志和热情激励我们
gave us not only hope but also inspiration 给我们希望和热情
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Inspired(inspire) by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work
even harder.
②Dreams can be rich sources of inspiration (inspire) for an artist.
③I was struck by his inspiring (inspire)words, and I decided to make efforts
to improve my English.
④What inspired him to give (give) such a brilliant performance?
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：Other zoologists were inspired by her example, they have begun
working with apes in the wild.
高级表达：Inspired by her example, other zoologists have begun working with
apes in the wild. (过去分词短语作状语)
2．treat vt.& vi. 治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待
(1)treat sb.like/as...把某人当……看待
treat sth.seriously 认真对待某事/某物
treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己(2)It's my treat.我请客。
(3)treatment n．治疗；处理；对待
treat sb. fairly 公正地对待某人
treat an illness 治疗疾病
the course of treatment 疗程
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[联想发散] cure v．治愈；治疗；改正；解决 n．治愈；治疗；疗法；措
施。常用以下搭配：cure sb. of 治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
a cure for ...……的治疗方法；……的解决办法
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①If you think that treating(treat) a woman well means always getting her
permission for things，think again.
②Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter who I think they are.
③After years of regular treatment (treat), she finally became healthy.
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：If the patient was treated in a proper way, he was likely to be
saved .
①高级表达：If treated in a proper way，the patient was likely to be saved.(省
略句)
②高级表达：Treated in a proper way，the patient was likely to be saved.(过
去分词作状语)
3．warn vt.警告；告诫
(1)warn sb.of/about sth.警告/提醒某人当心某事
warn sb.against sb.警告/提醒某人提防某人
warn sb.not to do sth.＝ warn sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不做某事
(2)warning n．警告；提醒
warn us of the current serious situation
提醒我们当前的严重形势
warn him not to walk on the thin ice 警告他不要在薄冰上走
be warned against climbing the mountain in such bad weather
被警告不要在如此恶劣的天气登山
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①He warned us of/about the serious situation that we were confronted with.
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②The police warned the holidaymakers against car thieves.
③We've just heard a warning(warn) on the radio that a typhoon may be on
its way.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。
①The teacher warned us not to carry mobile phones into the examination
room.(not)
②The teacher warned us against carrying mobile phones into the examination
room.(against)
4．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
(1)prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.宁愿……而不愿……
prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做……
(2)
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
would do sth.rather than do sth.
would rather do sth.than do sth.
宁愿做……
而不愿做……
(3)preference n．偏爱； 优先权； 偏爱的事物
prefer jazz to rock music 喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐
prefer coffee black 更喜欢不加奶的咖啡
prefer you to stay 想让你留下来
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome
ceremony next month.
②Some people prefer to do(do) almost everything over the Internet.
③I prefer my English classes to be given(give) in English only.
④People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early
age and these preferences affect learning.(prefer)
[能力提升]－－一句多译
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孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。
①The children preferred cycling to the countryside to staying indoors all day.
②The children preferred to cycle to the countryside rather than stay indoors
all day.
③The children would rather cycle to the countryside than stay indoors all day.
④The children would cycle to the countryside rather than stay indoors all day.
5．effect n．结果；效力
(1)have an effect on/upon 对……有影响
bring/carry/put...into effect 实施； 使生效
come/go into effect 开始生效； 开始实施
take effect 生效；开始实施
(2)effective adj.有效的
(3)affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
be affected by 被……侵袭；被……感动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
cause and effect 因果
side effect 副作用
take effective steps 采取有效措施
have a great effect on hundreds of plants around the world
对世界上数百种植物物种产生重大影响
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①The new law will come into effect in 2022; surely it will have an effect
on the industry of the country.
②It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must make every
effort to do it.
③While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is
more effective(effect) at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
④ Affected (affect) with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak
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clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
[能力提升]－－词汇升级/句式升级
普通表达：Smoking is bad for your health, so you'd better give it up.
①高级表达：Smoking affects/has a bad effect on your health, so you'd better
give it up.
②高级表达：You'd better give up smoking, which affects/has a bad effect
on your health.(非限制性定语从句)
6．cover vt.包含，涉及；覆盖，掩盖；行走(路程)；采访/报道；占用(一
段时间或空间)；(钱)足以支付 n．封面(底)；盖子
[一词多义]－－写出下列句中 cover 的含义
①The talks are expected to cover other topics too.包含；涉及
②Lots of reporters were assigned to cover the football matches.报道；采
访
③As the capital city of China, Beijing covers a land of 16，000 square
kilometers with a population of 20 million.占用(空间)
④During the summer camp, children will be instructed by the teacher to cover
30 miles a day.行走(路程)
⑤Do you have enough to cover all your daily expenses？足以支付
[名师点津] cover(采访)的对象是“事”，interview(采访)的对象是“人”。
cover ...with ...用……盖住……
be covered with 被……覆盖着(强调状态)
be covered by 被……覆盖(强调动作)
cover an area of ...占地面积为……
be covered with heavy snow 被厚厚的积雪覆盖
cover the Olympic events 报道奥运赛事
cover an area of 4, 000 square meters 占地面积 4 000 平方米
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.
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②Then, covering(cover) her face with her hands, she broke away and ran
quickly up the stairs.
[能力提升]－－完成句子/句式升级
这座城市占地面积为 7 434 平方千米，人口大约是 10，000，000.
①普通表达：The city covers an area of 7, 434 square kilometers, and has
a population of ten million.
②高级表达：The city has a population of ten million, covering an area of
7,434 square kilometers.(现在分词短语作状语)
1．A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain
drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
自己动手建造太阳能蒸馏器是在不方便获取饮用水的地方获得饮用水的最
好方法之一。
[句型公式] 此处 way 后接动词不定式作定语，表示“做……的方法”。
(1)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰 ability，chance，opportunity，desire，
ambition，offer，anxiety，attempt 等抽象名词。
(2)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级或 the next，the only，the last
等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
[名师点津] way 后的定语有三种形式：to do，of doing 和定语从句。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①The only way to succeed (succeed) at the highest level is to have total belief
that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
②If I have any further news, you will be the first person to know (know)
it.
③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact
(contact) you failed.
④The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
①我是我们学校第一个赢得那个竞赛的学生。
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I'm the first student in our school to win the contest．
②对付煤气中毒的方法是打开门窗让新鲜空气进来。
The way to deal with being poisoned by the gas is to open the doors and
windows to let the fresh air in.
2．When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through
the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
当容器满了的时候，你可以通过管子把饮料吸出来，而不用每次你需要喝东
西的时候都把蒸馏器拆掉。
[句型公式] every time 作连词，引导时间状语从句。
(1)用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the moment, the instant, the
minute, any time, the next time, the first time, the last time, the day 等。
(2)连词 immediately, directly 等引导时间状语从句，意为“一…… 就……”。
[名师点津] the first time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……
时”；for the first time 是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
[金句推送] (浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This
is what my mother used to tell me.
我妈妈过去常常告诉我“每次吃糖果时，喝杯绿茶”。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your
biological clock to the destination's time.
②I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice immediately(immediate)
I picked up the phone.
③ So instead of giving us answers immediately, she encourages us to
think(think) carefully every time she puts forward questions.
④I knew that Jane was a quiet and determined girl the first time I saw her
in class.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
每次他想要放弃的时候，他都提醒自己要养家糊口。
Every time he felt like giving up，he reminded himself that he had a family
to support.
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夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The teacher inspires his students to give (give)their opinions actively even
though they are different from his own.
2 ． More than one doctor has warned the patient that without proper
treatment(treat) the disease will lead to lung failure.
3．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers
would prefer to see (see)him step aside in favour of younger men.
4．Taking exercise not only helps to build up our health，but also helps us
learn more effectively (effective) in turn.
5．It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered(cover) in thick
clothes.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．My father warned me against going to the West Coast because it was crowded
with tourists.
2．The new law will come into effect next month.
3．No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various
activities on Earth Day.
4．She said she was sick of her life of excess.
5．Most people believe the best way of building a great team is to gather a
group of the most talented individuals.
强技提能·知识应用
Ⅰ.完形填空
During his freshman year at Columbia University，Sanford Greenberg stood
on campus with his classmate，Arthur Garfunkel.“Sanford，look at the 1 ．You
see the colors？The shapes？”Arthur asked.Sanford was 2 ，because other guys
talked about trips and sports，but Arthur wanted to talk about grass.
Was there a 3 guy on campus than Sanford? Here he was，a poor kid
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from Buffalo，New York on a full scholarship，taking classes from masters such
as physicist Leon Lederman and poet Mark Van Doren.
But in 1960，Sanford's fortunes 4 ．He was playing baseball when suddenly
he couldn't 5 very clearly.He had to 6 on the grass until his eyesight
returned.At first he didn't believe it was anything 7 ．
But when Sanford went back to Buffalo， 8 there told him he had a very
serious eye disease.They operated on his eyes，but he was still going 9 ．He
was so sad that he 10 to meet anyone from college.
However，Arthur 11 Sanford to go back to study at Columbia.In September
1961，Sanford returned to campus.But he was 12 about getting around alone
and depended on Arthur to help him.
Then，one afternoon，Sanford and Arthur went to Manhattan.When it was time
to go back to the 13 ，Arthur said he had an important meeting and couldn't
go with Sanford.They 14 for the first time，and Arthur walked off，leaving
Sanford alone.It took Sanford a long time to get back to school.But as he arrived
at the university gate，someone almost 15 him.
“Sorry，sir.”
Sanford knew the 16 ．It was Arthur's.Sanford was angry at first，but
then he 17 what Arthur had done.
“It was one of the most 18 ideas，”Sanford said.“Arthur，of course，
had been 19 me the whole way.”
After graduation with greater 20 than others，Sanford got his MBA from
Columbia and a Ph.D.from Harvard and went on to become a successful inventor
and businessman.
【语篇解读】 桑福德在上大学期间突然患上了严重的眼疾，之后他拒绝见
大学的任何人；后来在朋友亚瑟的鼓励下，他重新回到校园学习。但回校后，他
不敢独自一人出行，而是依赖亚瑟的帮助。有一次，亚瑟想出了一个主意，让桑
福德能独自走回学校。结果证明亚瑟的主意很有用。后来桑福德成了一名成功的
发明家和商人。
1．A.clouds B．grass
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C．trees D．baseball
B [根据下文中的“Arthur wanted to talk about grass”可知，亚瑟想要谈
论的是草；据此可知，他让桑福德看草。]
2．A.excited B．disappointed
C．surprised D．worried
C [空后表述其他人都在谈论旅行和运动，而亚瑟却想谈论草，据此可推
知，这让桑福德觉得很奇怪。surprised“觉得奇怪的”。]
3．A.luckier B．friendlier
C．smarter D．kinder
A [根据空后一句可知，桑福德是一个来自纽约州布法罗的穷孩子，但拿
着全额奖学金，上着大师们的课。据此可知，此处表示“还有比桑福德更幸运的
人吗”。]
4．A.improved B．remained
C．arrived D．changed
D [根据上文表述的桑福德很幸运和下文表述的桑福德患上了严重的眼疾
可推知，此处表示桑福德的命运发生了改变。]
5．A.hear B．smell
C．see D．speak
C [根据下文中的“until his eyesight returned”可知，在打棒球时，桑福
德突然看不清东西了，他只好躺在草地上，直到视力恢复。]
6．A.lie down B．jump up
C．walk away D．run along
A [参见上题解析。A 项意为“躺下”，故 A 项正确。]
7．A.difficult B．serious
C．new D．usual
B [根据下文中的“But”“a very serious eye disease”，并结合该句中的
“At first he didn't believe”可知，开始他认为这不是什么严重的问题。]
8．A.teachers B．friends
C．relatives D．doctors
D [根据语境并结合常识可知，当桑福德回到布法罗的时候，那里的医生
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告诉他，他得了一种非常严重的眼疾。]
9．A.blind B．deaf
C．wrong D．crazy
A [根据语境和空后一句表述的他如此难过以至于他拒绝见大学的人可
知，尽管他的眼睛进行了手术，但是他还是会失明。]
10．A.planned B．forgot
C．refused D．wished
C [参见上题解析。]
11．A.reminded B．persuaded
C．forced D．allowed
B [根据下文中的“Sanford returned to campus”可知，亚瑟说服桑福德重
新回到哥伦比亚大学学习。persuade sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“说服某人
做某事”，故 B 项正确。]
12．A.certain B．angry
C．nervous D．calm
C [根据该句中的“depended on Arthur to help him”可知，桑福德虽然
重返校园，但由于严重的眼疾，他不敢自己一个人出去，所以他得依赖亚瑟的帮
助。C 项意为“惶恐的”，故 C 项正确。]
13．A.campus B．hospital
C．station D．company
A [根据语境和下文中的“he arrived at the university gate”可知，一天下
午，桑福德和亚瑟去了曼哈顿，当该回校园时，亚瑟却说他有一个重要的会议要
参加，不能和桑福德一起回去了。]
14．A.agreed B．estimated
C．discussed D．argued
D [根据该句中的“Arthur walked off，leaving Sanford alone”可知， 他
们第一次发生争吵，亚瑟愤然离去，留桑福德独自一人。]
15．A.shouted at B．knocked down
C．looked for D．laughed at
B [根据下文中的“Sorry，sir”可推知，在桑福德到校门口时，有人差点
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把他撞倒。B 项意为“撞倒”，故 B 项正确。]
16．A.look B．figure
C．voice D．gesture
C [根据上文中的“Sorry，sir”可知，有人对他说“对不起，先生”；据此
可推知，桑福德知道那是亚瑟的声音。]
17．A.doubted B．realized
C．believed D．wondered
B [根据语境可知，桑福德一开始感到恼怒，但是他随后理解了亚瑟所做
的一切。]
18．A.annoying B．awful
C．useless D．brilliant
D [根据语境和上文中的“Sanford was angry at first，but then he ________
what Arthur had done.”可知，桑福德说亚瑟让他独自回学校是一个绝妙的主意。]
19．A.misleading B．showing
C．guiding D．following
D [根据语境可知，亚瑟一路跟着桑福德。D 项意为“跟着”，故 D 项正确。
A 项意为“误导”，C 项意为“指引，指导”，都与语境不符。]
20．A.efforts B．loss
C．burden D．failure
A [根据语境并结合上文描述的桑福德患了严重的眼疾可知，付出了比别
人更多的努力之后，桑福德获得了哥伦比亚大学的工商管理学硕士学位、哈佛大
学的博士学位，而且成了一位成功的发明家和商人。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
When we read a poem，we often imagine what the poets 1.________(think)
when they wrote or what they were doing at the time.These thoughts let us connect
with the words better，as if we'd created the poem 2.________(we)．Will a poem
still mean as much if a computer writes it?
By 3.________(use) algorithms (演算法)，computers can now create all kinds
of texts ， including research papers ， books ， news ， stories and even
poems.Computergenerated poems might be correct in both grammar and style，
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4.________ some say they still lack 5.________(create) and true meaning.
Australian researcher Oscar Schwartz created a website 6.________(call) “bot
or not”．On his site，you can read poems and guess whether they 7.________
(write) by a human or a computer.Schwartz recently gave a speech at TEDx
Sydney，in 8.________ he stated that some of the website's poems were able to
9.________(foolish) 65 percent of human readers.He said that on his website，
he hoped people would question the difference between humans and machines
－and be able to identify 10.________ makes us human.
【语篇解读】 当我们读诗的时候，我们会很容易跟诗人产生共鸣。澳大利
亚研究人员 Oscar Schwartz 创建了一个用计算机写诗的网站，但此法是否可行
呢？
1．were thinking [考查动词的时态。句意：当我们读一首诗时，我们通
常会想象诗人在写诗的时候正在想什么或者他们在那个时候正在做什么。根据句
意可知，此处表示在过去的某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，空处与“what
they were doing”并列，故填 were thinking。]
2．ourselves [考查代词。句意：这些想法使我们更好地与这些文字联系起
来，好像是我们自己创作了这首诗。根据句意可知，此处表示“我们自己”，故
填 ourselves。]
3．using [考查动名词。介词后可跟名词、代词或动名词，故填 using。]
4．but/yet [考查连词。空前意为“电脑创作的诗可能在语法和风格上都
是正确的”，空后意为“一些人说这样的诗仍缺乏创造性和真实的意义”，根据句
意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，故填 but 或 yet。]
5．creativity/creativeness [考查词性转换。根据空后的“and true meaning”
并结合语境可知，空处与“true meaning”构成并列关系，故填 creativity 或
creativeness，此处表示“缺乏创造性和真实的意义”。]
6．called [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词 call 和其逻辑主语
a website 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作定语。]
7．were written/are written [考查动词的语态和时态。分析句子结构可知，
动词 write 和其主语之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；且动作有可能是在过去发
生，也有可能是在现在经常性地发生，故用一般过去时和一般现在时均可，故填
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were written 或 are written。]
8．which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从
句，空处指代先行词“a speech”，指物，故用 which 来引导该从句。]
9．fool [考查词性转换。根据空前的“were able to”和语境可知，此处表
示这个网站的诗能够骗过 65%的读者，此处应该使用动词，故填 fool。]
10．what [考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及
物动词 identify 的宾语，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 what。]
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①Philip 是一个谨慎的美国蔬菜水果商。他发明了一款新式的自行车。
Philip was a cautious American greengrocer. He invented a new style bicycle.
②他给专利局打电话为他的新产品申请专利。不久，他就获得了专利。
He called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product. Soon,
he got the patent for his new product.
③但是，后来在实际使用过程中，他发现他的新产品没有达到标准。
But later，he found his new product didn't live up to the criteria in the process
of practical use.
④他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。
He began to seize the chance to improve his new bicycle.
⑤他忍受了别人的指责，期望自己的产品能经受得住检验。
He endured criticism and was in the expectation that his new product could
bear the test．
⑥这样，他的收入得到了稳定的增长。
In this way, his income had a stable increase．
Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用定语从句升级句①
Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style bicycle．
②用词组 set about 升级句④中的 began to
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He set about seizing the chance to improve his new bicycle.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style bicycle.
At once，he called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product.
Soon, he got the patent for his new product. But later，he found his new product
didn't live up to the criteria in the process of practical use. He set about seizing
the chance to improve his new bicycle. He endured criticism and was in the
expectation that his new product could bear the test. In this way, his income had
a stable increase.
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