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主题语境(五) 物质与非物质文化遗产
阅读理解
A (2018·全国卷Ⅲ·A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：
Windermere－20 minutes, Kendal－25 minutes，Lancaster－45 minutes，Manchester
－1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is CarkinCartmel with trains to Carnforth，
Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday－Friday(closed on Saturday)11: 00am－4：00pm，30th March－2nd
November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults：￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups：￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers' Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers
and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best
of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
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Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a
small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling
gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国旅游胜地霍尔克庄园。
1．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
D [细节理解题。根据 Visitor Information 部分的“How to Get to Holker”，
“Manchester－1 hour 30 minutes”可知，从曼彻斯特到霍尔克庄园需要 1 小时
30 分钟，即 90 分钟。]
2．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.
B [细节理解题。根据“Admission Charges”可知，参观霍尔克庄园时，
购买团体票(Groups)的价格为￡9.00，即每人 9 英镑。]
3．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A．Producers' Market.
B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day.
D．Winter Market.
D [细节理解题。根据 Special Events 部分的“Winter Market”，“enjoying
a live music show”可知，Winter Market 为正确答案。]
B (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·B)
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees
were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that
had been repeated many times in the theater's 75year history. This time，however，
the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，
another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation
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for the building's end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old
theater. Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with
tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theater owner
Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie
is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the
Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location(位置) was also a reason.
“This used to be the center of town，”he said.“Now the area is mostly office
buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning
the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were
abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to
a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land
where the theater is located.
The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last
time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will
be missed.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。最后一场电影结束几分钟后，工作人员
忙着清理爆米花，收拾可乐杯子。这是在电影院 75 年的历史中被重复了很多次
的普通一幕，但这一次清扫工作有点儿不同。到底是什么原因使得它与众不同
呢？快读读文章，来寻找答案吧！
4．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?
A．It made room for new equipment.
B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C．It was done with the help of the audience.
D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
B [推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“This time，however，the cleanup was
a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group
began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's
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end.”可知，这次清扫工作有点儿不同，清理完垃圾后，工作人员也要把椅子和
其他影院设备搬走，因为这个电影院要关门了，故选 B 项。]
5．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A．It was an alltime classic.
B．It was about the history of the town.
C．The audience requested it.
D．The theater owner found it suitable.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose
the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，影院选择放映电影 The Last
Picture Show，是因为影院老板认为它比较合适。故选 D 项。]
6．What will probably happen to the building?
A．It will be repaired.
B．It will be turned into a museum.
C．It will be knocked down.
D．It will be sold to the city government.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“．..which plans to build a shopping
complex on the land where the theater is located.”可知，Bradford 把楼和地卖
给了一家当地的开发公司，这家公司打算在这个地方建一家购物中心，所以可以
推断出，这个楼会被拆除(be knocked down)，选 C 项。]
7．What can we infer about the audience?
A．They are disappointed with Bradford.
B．They are sad to part with the old theater.
C．They are supportive of the city officials.
D．They are eager to have a shopping center.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Though the movie is 30 years old，
most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye
to the old building.”可知，观众对电影院很有感情，挥泪告别这座老建筑，故
选 B 项。]
语法填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
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In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl”cultures of China,
Japan, Korea，1.________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can
also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite
artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2.________(make) of gold and silver with
Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
3.________(create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably
cooked their food in large pots，4.________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over
time，5.________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces
so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with
twigs which 6.________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，7. lived
from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the 8. (develop) of chopsticks.
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9.________(be)
too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India，for example, most people
traditionally eat 10.________ their hands.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根细长的木头或竹子。它
们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。除了筷子的
选材，文章也对筷子的由来以及发展做了介绍。
1．and [考查并列连词。句意：……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文
化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。]
2．be made [考查被动语态。筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。be made
of 用……制成。]
3．to create [考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示 combine...and...的
目的，故用不定式作目的状语。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结
合起来以创造出特别的样式。]
4．using [考查非谓语动词之现在分词。people 与 use 之间是主动关系，故
用现在分词作方式状语。]
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5．as/when [考查从属连词。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增
加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格
处填 as 或者 when，as/when 引导时间状语从句。]
6．gradually [考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰 turned into，
故用副词。gradual 的副词形式是 gradually。]
7．who [考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是
非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词 Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，
故用 who 引导。]
8．development [考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格处位于定冠词 the
后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。]
9．were [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，believed 后接宾语从
句，宾语从句由 and 连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应
的过去时态；又因主语是 knives，故填 were。]
10．with [考查介词。eat with their hands 用手抓饭吃。with 表示“用”。]
1．rail n. 铁轨；扶手
2．adult n. 成年人
3．recipe n. 食谱
4．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
5．employee n. 雇员；从业员工
6．sweep v. 扫去，清除
7．scene n. 场面；情景
8．rubbish n. 垃圾，废物；废话
9．classic adj. 经典的
10．warehouse n. 仓库；货栈
11．financial adj. 金融的；财政的
12．especially adv. 特别；尤其
13．plastic n. 塑料
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14．artistic adj. 艺术的
15．scholar n. 学者
16．roughly adv. 粗糙地；概略地
17．traditionally adv.传统上
1．sign n．迹象；手势 v. 签署；签名
2．admission n. 承认；入场费
3．gather v. 收集；收割；聚集
4．public adj. 公众的；政府的
5．abandon v．遗弃；离开
6．miss n．女士 vt.错过
7．design n．&v.设计；构思
8．remove v. 移动，迁移
9．remind vt.提醒；使想起
1．connect v. 连接；联合 → connection n. 连接；关系
2．donate v. 捐赠→ donation n．捐款，捐赠物
3．repeat v. 重复→ repetition n．重复
4．prepare v. 准备→ preparation n．预备；准备
5．add v. 加；增加→ addition n．添加
6．locate vt. 位于→ location n．位置；地点
7．violence n．暴力→ violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
1．in aid of 用以援助……之用
2．close down 关闭
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3．with the help of 在……的帮助下
4．knock down 击倒；拆卸
5．be made of 由……所组成
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．When we arrived in Montreal, we saw many signs(sign) and ads in French.
2．The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.
3．Walls made (make)of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days
and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，thus warming the house.
4．With the help of our English teacher, we have made great progress this
term.
5．Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated (repeat)
throughout the film.
6．As far as I'm concerned, too much violence(violent) on television does
serious harm to children's character.
7．Last year，Xiao Ming set about designing (design) his new mobile phone
after he figured out all the puzzling problems.
8．With the improvement of the living standards，more and more people，
especially(especial) children，are suffering from obesity.
9．Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist
attraction.
10．The whole family gathered together at Tom's home.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．He added that the theater's location was also a reason.补充说，接着说
2．Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which
plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.综
合性商场
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
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1．The nearest station is CarkinCartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster
and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
[译文] 最近的车站是卡特梅尔火车站，有火车开往卡恩弗斯，兰开斯特和
普雷斯顿，再转至各大城市或主要机场。
2．The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing
to close down.
[译文] 这部电影是以一个小镇为背景拍摄的，镇上唯一的电影院将要停
业。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very
best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
[分析] 本句是一个简单句，但是修饰成分多，主语是 the event，谓语是
celebrates，宾语是 its 22nd anniversary。with a great show of the very best of
gardening 是谓语的修饰成分，making it one of the most popular events in gardening
是现在分词短语作状语。
[译文] 这场活动是为了庆祝该花园节的 22 周年纪念日，活动中展示了园
艺的精髓，使之成为了园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。
2．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived
from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
[分析] 本句是复杂句。主句主语 some people, 谓语 think，that 引导宾语
从句。在从句中，the great Chinese scholar Confucius 是主语，who 引导定语从
句修饰从句主语，谓语动词 influenced，宾语是 the development of chopsticks。
[译文] 有人认为，生活在大约公元前 551 年到公元前 479 年间的中国伟大
的教育家孔子，对筷子的发展产生了影响。
1．follow v. 跟随，效仿，跟得上
(1)as follows 如下
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follow suit 照着做
(2)following adj.接下来的，如下的
the following 下列，如下
follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人，继承某人的事业
in the following years 在接下来这些年里
follow one's example 学习某人的榜样
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①A banquet is a large formal meal for many people, often followed (follow)
by speeches in honor of someone.
②Follow(follow) your doctor's advice, and you will get better soon.
③Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
老师手里拿着一本书，跟着几个学生走进了教室。
The teacher，with a book in his hand, came into the classroom, following
a few students．
2．celebrate v．庆祝；赞扬，歌颂
(1)celebrate ...with...用……庆祝……
(2)celebration n．庆祝活动；庆祝
celebrated adj.著名的
celebrate their victory with music and dancing 用音乐和舞蹈庆祝胜利
birthday celebrations 生日庆典
in celebration of one's promotion 庆祝某人的升职
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Greatly delighted at the result, the football fans couldn't help walking to
the street to celebrate (celebrate) it.
②They are celebrating(celebrate) the Dragon Boat Festival and many people
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are joining in the celebration.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
经理答应我们完成任务时， 他会开派对庆祝我们的成绩。
①The manager promised that when we accomplish this task, he will hold a
party to celebrate our accomplishment.(celebrate)
②The manager promised that when we accomplish this task, he will hold a
party in celebration of our accomplishment. (celebration)
3．audience n．观众，听众
(1)an audience of (跟人数)人数达……的观众
a large audience 很多听众
(2)audience 是集体名词，作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；
如果强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数。
the audience dressed in a variety of ways 穿着各异的观众们
attract a large audience 吸引了很多观众
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Though he didn't win first prize in the competition, he gave the audience
an impressive speech.
②Most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
在美国演奏莫扎特的音乐时，观众达 10 多万。
①When Mozart's music was performed in America, there was an audience
of more than 100，000 people. (an audience of)
②When Mozart's music was performed in America，more than 100，000 people
enjoyed the performance. (enjoy)
4. character n．(常用单数)性格；(可数)人物，角色；文字；(不可数)特
色；品行，道德品质
(1)characterize vt.以……为特色；具有……特征
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be characterized by 具备……的特征
(2)characteristic adj.特有的，典型的 n．(常用复数)特征，特色
be characteristic of 具有……的特征
a man of character 一个道德高尚的人
write Chinese characters 写汉字
have a characteristic taste 有特殊的味道
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
① We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the
characters(character) we were going to play.
②As is known to us all，Mount Hua is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and
its unique characteristics(characteristic)．
[能力提升]－－一句多译
被高度关注是很多成功的富有人士的特点。
①Being highly centered is characteristic of many of the most successful and
wealthiest individuals. (characteristic)
②Many of the most successful and wealthiest individuals are characterized
by being highly centered. (characterize)
5．combine v．结合，联合
(1)combine ...with/and ...把……和……结合起来
combine to do sth.联合起来做某事；合起来促成某事
combine against 联合起来反对
(2)combination n．联合；结合
in combination with 联合起来；在联合中
combine their knowledge with practice 把他们的知识和实践结合起来
combine against their common enemy 联手抵抗共同的敌人
in combination with several overseas partners 联合几家海外合伙人
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[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed
a combination(combine) of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be combined with practice.
③Several factors combined to harm(harm) our friendship, which made me
very upset.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
当均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼结合起来时，这对我们的健康更好。
①A balanced diet can be better for our health when it is combined with regular
exercise.(状语从句)
②A balanced diet can be better for our health when combined with regular
exercise.(状语从句的省略)
[ 联 想 发 散 ] 表 示 “ 把 …… 与 …… 相 结 合 ” 的 短 语 还 有 ：
connect ...with/to ...; associate ...with ...; link ...with/to ...; relate ...to ...等。
6．various adj.不同的；各种各样的
(1)vary vt.&vi.变化；不同
vary from ...to ...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary in...在……方面不同，有差异
(2)variety n．变化，多样性，种类
a variety of＝ varieties of 各种各样的
various kinds of theme parks 各种各样的主题公园
various questions concerning pollution and the environment 有关污染和环境
的各种问题
a wide variety of products 种类繁多的产品
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved
in various (vary) activities on Earth Day.
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②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)There will be a wide variety (vary)of activities to mark
this unforgettable occasion.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
出于种种原因，她决定搬到乡下去。
She decided to move to the countryside for various reasons/a variety/varieties
of reasons．
7．remind vt.提醒；使想起
remind sb.of sth.让某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that...提醒某人……
remind people of killings 让人们联想到杀戮
keep himself reminded of his own dream 让自己记住自己的梦想
remind them to protect trees 提醒他们保护树木
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying，“Where there
is a will，there is a way.”
②Please remind me to write (write) an email to my mother tomorrow, for
it's her birthday.
③The seventeenyearold boy put up a picture of Messi beside the bed to
keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dream.
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：We put up a board at the edge of the woods. It reminded people
to protect the trees.
高级表达：We put up a board at the edge of the woods reminding people to
protect the trees. (现在分词短语作定语)
1．Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible
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for the Plaza to compete.
布莱福德说城市中的现代大剧院使广场不可能参与竞争。
[句型公式] 句中使用了“make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中
it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语为 for the Plaza to compete。
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that 从句
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb.)to do
(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel 等。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
②I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it because he is
too stubborn.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
是文化而不是语言使得他难以适应国外的新环境。
It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt
to the new environment abroad.
2．This used to be the center of town，...
此处以前是城中心，……
[句型公式] 本句使用了 used to 结构，表示“过去常常(现在已经不是)”。
(1)used to 过去(常常)……
there used to be ...过去常常有……
(2)be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事
(3)be used to do sth.被用来做某事
used to sleep with the window open 过去习惯开着窗户睡觉
be used to taking a walk in the park after supper every day 习惯于每天晚
饭后在公园散步
be used to keep us warm 被用来给我们保暖
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
16/22
①He used to stay(stay) up late, but now he is used to going(go) to bed
early.
②The following simple experiment is used to separate(separate) different
liquids.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
以前在他们房子的后方有一个美丽的大花园。
There used to be a big and beautiful garden at the back of their house.
夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Mary felt cut off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet
connection (connect)．
2．Many volunteers are used to doing(do) difficult work.
3．Traditionally (traditional), the young turned to the older for guidance; today,
they prefer to turn to their friends.
4．They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following(follow)
day.
5．Political parties often differ in their views on various (variety) issues
concerning their own countries.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．The volunteers cleared away the snow on the street to make it safe for
people to walk on.
2．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows the other day, making
air conditioning unnecessary.
3．Last Monday the teachers and students held a grand ceremony in celebration
of the 80th anniversary of our school.
4．Learn to combine your knowledge with experience, and you are sure to
succeed.
5．There are various goods in the new supermarket, and the prices vary from
17/22
cents to dollars.
强技提能·知识应用
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
(2020·北京人大附中三模)Compulsory citywide garbage sorting began in
Beijing in April，aided by new guidelines for residents and the start of a threemonth
inspection campaign to monitor enforcement.The strict garbage sorting rules require
residents to classify their domestic trash into four different categories：kitchen
waste，recyclables，hazardous waste and other waste. 1
Communities and villages across the capital must set up four different colored
trash bins. 2 To help residents better classify their domestic trash，four supporting
measures would specify the management standards and implementation procedures
for classifying garbage.For example，a guideline released in April advised residents
to have two trash bins and one garbage bag at home to make the separation of
different kinds of waste more convenient.
3 The inspection，lasting until the end of July，will focus on mixed waste
and its dumping and transport.Meanwhile，the city's market supervision authorities
will begin a threemonth crackdown on the illegal use and sale of plastic bags.
Under the newly revised domestic waste regulation，supermarkets，shopping
malls and trade markets may no longer use super thin or free plastic bags. 4
By the end of March，there were 44 domestic waste treatment facilities in
Beijing，capable of handling 32，711 metric tons of trash a day，the capital's urban
management authorities said.The capital collected 10.11 million tons of household
waste last year.
Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced incentives(激励)to
encourage residents to sort their garbage. 5 Some communities had explored new
ways of reusing kitchen waste as fertilizer for the residents' rooftop garden.
A．Law enforcement agencies will launch a threemonth inspection to monitor
compliance with compulsory trash sorting.
B．Those who fail to sort their garbage properly could face fines of up to
200 yuan($28)．
18/22
C．The community acquired a trash treatment machine last year that can recycle
some kitchen waste to produce organic soil in 24 hours as fertilizer for potted plants.
D．Restaurants and hotels must stop offering disposable items unless customers
request them.
E．Residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and
then exchange the points they accumulate for daily necessities such as napkins and
soap.
F．The treatment facility makes residents more familiar with the process of
garbage and spur their enthusiasm for trash sorting.
G．Green bins will be for kitchen waste，blue ones for recyclables，red for
hazardous waste and gray for other waste.
1．B [上文提到“北京开始在全市范围内强制垃圾分类““严格的垃圾分
类规定要求居民将生活垃圾分为四类……”，选项 B“那些没有正确分类垃圾的
人将面临高达 200 元(28 美元)的罚款”是上文垃圾分类政策内容的一部分。故
选 B 项。]
2．G [空前一句提到“four different colored trash bins”，选项 G 中
“Green...blue...red...gray...”是对上一句的具体解释。故选 G 项。]
3．A [此题线索是词汇复现。由下文中的“The inspection，lasting until the
end of July...”可知，选项 A“执法机构将开展为期三个月的检查，以监督强制
垃圾分类的执行情况。”符合文意。选项A中“a threemonth inspection”与“The
inspection，lasting...”相呼应。]
4．D [上文提到“根据最新修订的生活垃圾管理条例，超市、购物中心和
贸易市场不得再使用超薄塑料袋或免费塑料袋”。由此可知，这一部分是关于最
新修订的生活垃圾管理条例的内容；选项 D“餐馆和酒店必须停止提供一次性用
品，除非顾客索要它们”承接上文的话题。故选 D 项。]
5．E [空前一句提到“北京的一些居民社区实施激励办法，鼓励居民将他
们的垃圾分类”；选项 E“居民可以通过正确分类他们的家庭垃圾来获得积分，
然后用积攒的积分换取一些日用品，比如餐巾纸和肥皂”是鼓励居民将垃圾分类
的具体做法之一，承接上文的话题。故选 E 项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
19/22
Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equallength sticks,
usually made of wood, used for eating. We Chinese eat 1.________ chopsticks.
It is believed the first chopsticks 2.________ (develop) over 5，000 years ago
in China. The 3.________(early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of
bronze was excavated (发掘) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan Province,
dating back to rough 1200 BC.Chopsticks，4.________ are roughly uniform in size
throughout China, can be made of a variety of 5.________ (material), including
bamboo, wood, plastic, silver and gold.
Chopsticks play 6.________ important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese
chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long. They are round on the eating end which
symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is
because 7.________ (maintain) an enough food supply is the greatest concern
between heaven and earth.
There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl's dowry (嫁
妆)since the 8.________(pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for “quick”
and “son”．
Chopsticks are 9.________(frequent) used in daily life. They have become
more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette(礼仪) and
customs of 10.________(they) own.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了中国筷
子的历史以及与筷子相关的风俗习惯。
1．with [考查介词。表示工具或手段可使用介词 by 或者 with。根据空格
后的复数名词 chopsticks 可确定此处答案为 with。]
2．were developed [考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据信，中国最早的筷
子是在五千多年前被发明的。主语从句的主语是复数名词 chopsticks，和 develop
构成被动关系，再根据时间状语 over 5，000 years ago 可知，此处使用一般过
去时的被动语态，故填 were developed。]
3．earliest [考查形容词的比较等级。句意：一双青铜筷子的最早的证据出
土于河南安阳附近的殷墟，可以追溯到大约公元前 1200 年。定冠词 the 用在形
容词最高级前面，再结合句子意思可知此处使用形容词最高级，故填 earliest。]
20/22
4．which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意：筷子在中国各地的尺寸大致相
同，可以用多种材料制成，包括竹子、木材、塑料、银和金。先行词 chopsticks
指物，从句中缺主语，故使用关系代词 which。]
5．materials [考查名词的数。a variety of (各种各样的)后面跟名词的复
数形式，故填 materials。]
6．an [考查冠词。句意：筷子在中国饮食文化中扮演着重要的角色。play
a role in 在……中扮演角色。此处 important 以元音音素开头，使用不定冠词 an。]
7．maintaining [考查非谓语动词。句意：这是因为维持足够的食物供应
是天地之间最大的关注。此处 because 引导的表语从句中缺少主语，所给词
maintain 是动词，因此应使用动名词作主语，故填 maintaining。]
8．pronunciation [考查名词。句意：中国有一个古老的习俗，那就是使筷
子成为女孩嫁妆的一部分，因为筷子的发音与“快”和“子”相似，根据句子结
构可知此处用名词，根据后面谓语动词 is 可确定此处使用名词单数形式，因此
填 pronunciation。]
9．frequently [考查副词。句意：筷子日常生活中经常用。此处修饰 used，
应使用副词，故填 frequently。]
10．their [考查代词。句意：它们已经不仅仅是一种餐具，而且已经形成
了自己的一套礼仪和习俗。此处应用形容词性物主代词，且表示“它们的”，故
填 their。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)The first foreign language I
never learnt was French，but it didn't go very well.My mother asked our neighbor
teach me when I was seven.French wasn't his native languages，but he used to
live in France，so he could speak a little.However，I learnt very little until I didn't
feel it related to my daily life anyway.When I entered into senior high school，
my attitude to language learning changed.I decided to learn Latin，that I've always
been interested in because I want to study law.Learning Latin wasn't a struggle
for myself for this reason.Soon I begin to read classics in Latin.Read those books
opened a window for me to another world or gave me a new point of view on
my own world.
21/22
【答案】
The first foreign language I never
ever learnt was French，but it didn't go very
well.My mother asked our neighbor
∧
to teach me when I was seven.French wasn't his
native languages
language
，but he used to live in France，so he could speak a little.However，
I learnt very little until
because/since/as I didn't feel it related to my daily life
anyway.When I entered ﹨into senior high school，my attitude to language learning
changed.I decided to learn Latin， that
which I've always been interested in because I want
to study law.Learning Latin wasn't a struggle for myself
me for this reason.Soon I begin
began
to read classics in Latin. Read
Reading those books opened a window for me to another
world or
and gave me a new point of view on my own world.
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①许多人认为文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。
Many people hold the view that cultural relics belong to human beings rather
than individuals.
②文化遗产很值得保护。
Cultural relics are well worth protecting．
③有些人想方设法地寻找它们，并非法地占有它们。
Some people take great pains to search for them and take possession of them
illegally.
④其中一些文化遗产已遭破坏，只有少数幸免于难。
Some of the cultural relics have been damaged while only a few have survived．
⑤我们每一个人都应尽最大努力保护它们免遭破坏。
Each of us should make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed．
22/22
⑥毫无疑问，保护好文化遗产是我们的责任。
Without doubt，it is our duty to protect cultural relics.
Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①使用定语从句把①②句合并为一句
Many people hold the view that cultural relics，which belong to human beings
rather than individuals，are well worth protecting.
②把句⑥升级为一个同位语从句
There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Many people hold the view that cultural relics，which belong to human beings
rather than individuals，are well worth protecting. However, some people take great
pains to search for them and take possession of them illegally. Some of the cultural
relics have been damaged while only a few have survived. So, each of us should
make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed. There is no doubt that it
is our duty to protect cultural relics.
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