Period Four Project
I.单词自测
1.________ n.话题
________ n.主题；科目
2.________ n.态度，看法
________ n.海拔(高度)
3.________ adj.小心的，谨慎的
________ n.小心，谨慎
4.________ adj.热切的，急不可待的
________ adv.热切地
topic
subject
attitude
altitude
cautious
caution
eager
eagerly
5.__________ adv.& adj.全世界(的)
6.__________ adj.青春期的； n.青少年
___________ n.青春期
7.________ vi.做出反应，回应
________ n.反应
8.________ vi.& n.停顿，暂停
________ v.停止
9.________ n.平安，安全；安全措施
________ adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；v.获得；使安全
10.________ n.复习；修订，修改
________ vt.复习；校正
worldwide
adolescent
adolescence
respond
response
pause
stop
security
secure
revision
revise
11.________ n.宽恕；仁慈
________ adj.宽恕的；仁慈的
_________ adv.宽恕地；仁慈地
12.________ n.道歉
_________ vi.& vt.道歉
mercy
merciful
mercifully
apology
apologize
Ⅱ.短语默写
1.________________以……为基础，以……为根据
2.________________ 不管，不顾
3.________________ 最终处于；最后成为
4.________________ 依赖，依靠
5.thanks to ________________
6.be committed to ________________
7.have a quarrel with ________________
8.in conclusion ________________
be based on
regardless of
end up
rely on
幸亏；由于
对……尽心尽力
与……争吵
总之
阅读清障
①twin/twɪn/adj.双胞胎之一的；成双的 n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一
②get along well(＝get on well)相处融洽，进展顺利
③puzzle vt. 使困惑，使迷惑不解
④for example 例如(用于举例，用逗号与其他成分隔开)
⑤apartment/ə'pɑːtmənt/n. 公寓套房
※现在分词talking作伴随状语。
⑥three and a half hours＝three hours and a half 三个半小时
⑦topic/'tɒpɪk/n.话题
※so...that 如此……以至于，引导结果状语从句。what they talked about是what 引导的
宾语从句。
⑧recipe n.食谱；秘诀
⑨attitude/'ætɪtjuːd/n.态度，看法
表示“对……的态度”时用介词to 或towards。
⑩anchor/'æŋkə(r)/vt.扎根于；使基于；下锚；使固定；n.锚
be anchored in 基于
※过去分词 shared 作定语，修饰 feelings and support。
⑪be based on 以……为基础，以……为根据
⑫be likely to 倾向于，有可能
⑬cautious/'kɔːʃəs/adj.小心的，谨慎的
be cautious about 对……谨慎
⑭eager/'iːɡə(r)/adj.热切的，急不可待的
※that 引导定语从句，修饰 something。
be eager to do sth 急于做某事
be eager for 急于得到……
⑮worldwide/'wɜːldwaId/adv.& adj.全世界(的)
⑯show vt.& vi.表明；证明；出示；给……看；放映
⑰adolescent/ˌædə'lesnt/adj.青春期的；n.青少年
⑱single adj.仅有一个的(用于加强语气)
※“连词＋分词”(省略了主语和be动词)为状语从句的省略形式。When asked 的完整
形式为 When they are asked。
⑲hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
⑳respond/rɪ'spɒnd/vi.作出反应，回应
respond to 对……作出反应，回应
Teenagers’ friendships
原文呈现
青少年的友谊
课文译文
我的朋友罗伯特有一个双胞胎妹妹叫阿曼达。尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她
的朋友们的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。他无法理解女孩子怎么会聊天聊那么长时
间。例如，有时他离开公寓去踢足球，阿曼达和她的朋友莎伦就坐在沙发上聊天。当
他三个半小时后回来时，她们仍然坐在沙发上，继续聊着同样的话题。一天，罗伯特
抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，但她回答说：“我们是最好的朋友。我们几
乎什么都聊——电影明星、流行歌曲、食谱，所有的事！”
男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和
互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或爱好为基础。对于与密友分享情
感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己
生活中发生过的一些事。
全世界的许多研究表明女孩比男孩有更多的友谊。事实上，许多青春期的男孩
说不出一个最好的朋友。当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“我最好的朋
友？我没有想过这个问题。我忙于家庭作业。我有很多不同的朋友，很难说出哪一个
是我最好的朋友。”
被问到过这个问题的女孩往往能毫不犹豫地回答：“最好的朋友？当然有。我们
彼此分享的东西很多。我们一起做很多事，比如聊天和逛街。”
我们必须认识到：男孩分享活动，而女孩分享情感。不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的
基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。所要记住的重要一点是：
它们二者均是友谊。我们在生活中都需要朋友。
①security/sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/n.平安，安全；安全措施
②comfort n.舒适，安慰，安慰者；v.安慰
③imagine v.想象，幻想，猜测
imagine doing sth 想象做某事
④by oneself 独自地，单独
⑤through Beijing 经过北京
⑥on the way to 在去……的路上
※since conj.由于(此处表原因)，引导原因状语从句。
⑦see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
※having their pictures taken 是have sth done 结构。
⑧end up 最后成为；最终处于
end up doing sth 以做某事结束
end up as 最终成为……
⑨waiting room n.候车室；等候室；候诊室
⑩no fun 不好玩，没有乐趣
⑪companion n.同伴，同事
※I can rely on 是定语从句，修饰 someone，其中关系代词 who/whom因在从句中作宾
语而省略了。
⑫rely on 依靠，依赖
rely/rɪ'laɪ/vi. 依靠，依赖
⑬trolleybus/'trɒlɪbʌs/n. 无轨电车
⑭panicked 为动词panic的过去式，panic意为“(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措”。
⑮revision/rɪ'vɪʒn/n.复习；修订，修改
⑯thanks to 幸亏；由于
⑰be able to 能，能够
⑱committed/kə'mɪtɪd/adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
※动词不定式短语to be a friend 作表语。
⑲patience n.耐性；耐心；忍耐，容忍
patient adj.耐心的
⑳mercy/'mɜːsɪ/n.宽恕；仁慈
What friendship means to me
When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while others
choose things like security① and comfort②.However，for me，the most important thing in
life is friendship.I cannot imagine③being without it.
友谊对我意味着什么
当确定生活中最重要的是什么时，有些人选择金钱，而有些人则选择诸如安
全感和舒适之类的东西。然而，对我而言，生活中最重要的东西是友谊。我不能
想象没有友谊的生活。
友谊意味着不孤独。有一次我独自一人去旅行，途经北京去我祖父母家。由
于我要乘坐的下一趟火车要到晚上才开，我有一天的观光时间。起初，我并不介
意自己一个人，但后来看见所有的旅客一起拍照，我开始感到难过。最终我回到
火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。如果没有同伴分享，生活就索然无味。
友谊意味着有人可以依靠。去年，我把书包落在了无轨电车上，丢了所有的期
末考试的笔记。你可以想象我有多慌乱。对我来说幸运的是，我最好的朋友珍妮让我
复印了她的笔记，我复习时用了它们。多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。
友谊意味着忠诚于他人。拥有朋友的最佳途径就是做一个朋友。因为我是一个
朋友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。有一次我与珍妮吵架，她对我作了一些残酷
无情的评论。尽管我受到了伤害，我还是原谅了她。后来她向我道歉。通过这件事，
我们俩都变成了更好的人。然而，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们俩都会一
无所得。
总之，当我们年老了回顾我们的生活时，我们会记住什么呢？我们会记住我们
买过的东西或者是去过的地方吗？不，我们会记住那些我们爱过的人和爱过我们的人。
我们会记住我们的朋友。
Ⅰ.速读课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1.Robert knows the reason why girls always have so much to talk about.( )
2.Girls can continue the same conversation on the same topic for a very long time.( )
3.Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.( )
4.Friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.( )
5.Studies have shown that boys have more friendships than girls.( )
F
T
T
T
F
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选出最佳答案
1.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Boys have more friendships than girls.
B.Boys and girls have the same attitude towards friendship.
C.Boys share activities，while girls share feelings.
D.Boys always seem to have a lot to talk about with their best friends.
答案 C
2.From Para.3 of the second text，we can infer that .
A.money can buy friendship
B.a friend in need is a friend indeed
C.when someone is in trouble，a friend will appear
D.friendship is the most important thing in the world
答案 B
3.According to the second text，the most important thing in life for the author is .
A.money B.friendship
C.security D.comfort
答案 B
4.According to the second text，all of the following are the meanings of friendship except
that .
A.friendship means not being alone
B.friendship means having someone you can rely on
C.friendship means being admitted to others
D.friendship means helping others do anything at any moment
答案 D
5.According to the second text，we know that .
A.once a friend always a friend
B.once a thief always a thief
C.the best way to have a friend is to be a friend
D.the best way to have a friend is to give others much money
答案 C
Ⅲ.细读课文，完成表格，每空一词
Different
hesitation/pausing
more
anchored
name
based
Although/Though
qualities
That
rely
travelling
revise/review
remarked/commented
apologized
forget
1.attitude n.态度，看法
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.
男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。
(2)Do you know his attitude to/towards the question?
你知道他对这个问题的看法吗？
(3)Tom has a positive attitude towards/to the matter.
汤姆对这件事持积极态度。
[归纳拓展]
attitude to/towards...对……的态度
have a(n)...attitude to/towards sb/sth对某人/某事持……态度
take/adopt a(n)...attitude采取……的态度
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①首先，我们应该有一种对生活的积极态度。
Firstly，we should __________________________________.
②每次都会成功，只要你对生活有份积极的态度。
Every try will be a success，if you _______________________________________life.
have a positive attitude towards life
take/adopt/have an active attitude towards
③As you get older，your towards death changes.
A.attitude B.opinion
C.idea D.thought
解析 句意：随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法也会有所改变。one’s attitude
to/towards...某人对……的态度，符合句意。
答案 A
2.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends.
对于与密友分享情感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。
(2)You should be cautious of the strangers.
你应该小心提防陌生人。
(3)The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①那位年轻人谨慎地打开了那个神秘的盒子。
The young man was cautious _________________________.
②医生们对这种新疗法很谨慎。
Doctors ___________________ the new treatment.
to open the mysterious box
are cautious about/of
③These chemicals may be harmful to human bodies.Use them with .
A.chart B.caption
C.caution D.catalogue
解析 句意：这些化学药品可能对人体有害。使用时要小心。chart意为“图表”；
caption意为“说明文字”；caution意为“小心”；catalogue意为“目录”。根据
句意可知选C项。
答案 C
3.respond vi.做出反应，回应
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……
(2)She responded to my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信时，给我回了个电话。
(3)She laughed in response to his jokes.
她听了他的笑话大笑起来。
(4)She made no response to my question.
她对我的问题没有做什么答复。
[归纳拓展]
(1)respond to sb/sth with sth以某种方式回应某人/事
(2)response n.回答；响应；反应
in response to作为对……的反应
make a response to对……作出反应
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他对我的建议报之一笑。
He _______________________________ a laugh.
②到目前为止他们还没有对事故的结果做出回应。
So far they’ve not ______________________________________________________.
responded to my suggestion with
made any response to the result of the accident
③These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A.in memory of B.in response to
C.in touch with D.in possession of
解析 句意：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to作为
对……的回答反应，符合语境。in memory of为了纪念；in touch with与……有联系；
in possession of拥有，持有。
答案 B
4.committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P19)Friendship means being committed to others.
友谊意味着忠诚于他人。
(2)Most crimes are committed by young men.
多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。
(3)The President is committed to reforming health care system.
总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
(4)She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.
她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be committed to对……忠诚；致力于……
(2)commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证
commit oneself to(doing) sth...答应做……
(3)commitment n.[C](＝promise)承诺，保证
make a commitment to (do) sth/sb对(做)某事/某人做出承诺
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①你做好忠于婚姻的准备了吗？
Are you ready to ________________ a marriage?
②他保证按时付账。
He ________________________ pay the bill on time.
③她致力于帮助穷人的工作。
She _____________________________ to help the poor.
be committed to
made a commitment to
is very committed to her job
④He admitted having a mistake.
A.committed B.constructed
C.completed D.contributed
解析 commit a mistake犯错误，符合句意。construct建设；complete完成；contribute
捐助，投稿。
答案 A
⑤But he quickly found that he loved playing the violin，and was to practicing it so
that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
A.committed B.used
C.limited D.admitted
解析 根据前半句：他很快发现自己喜爱拉小提琴可知，他会致力于练习，以至于几
个月内他就理所应当弹得很好了。
答案 A
5.mercy n.宽恕；仁慈
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.
因为我是一个朋友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。
(2)They were lost at the sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
(3)He showed mercy to the defeated enemy.
他怜悯被打败的敌人。
[归纳拓展]
at the mercy of...任……摆布；在……的掌握中
without mercy无情地；残忍地
have mercy on怜悯，宽恕
show mercy to对……表示同情
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他们对敌人绝不留情。
They ________________________ their enemy.
②他受到无情地对待。
He was treated ________________.
had little mercy on
without mercy
③It was clear that the grocer was people he owed money to.
A.at the expense of B.at the risk of
C.in the way of D.at the mercy of
解析 句意：显然，这个杂货商任凭其债主的摆布。at the mercy of意为“在……
支配下”，符合句意。at the expense of意为“以……为代价”；at the risk of意为
“冒……的危险”；in the way of意为“碍……事”。
答案 D
1.be based on/upon以……为基础，以……为根据
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，
but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.
女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同
的活动或兴趣为基础。
(2)In 1849，he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
在1849年，他去了英格兰并将伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
[归纳拓展]
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础之上
(2)base n.基础；基地，根据地；vt.以……为据点
at the base of...在……的底部
[即时跟踪] 完成句子/一句多译
①我发现这花的底部有一个小昆虫。
I found a small insect ________________________.
②他的观点是以事实为基础的。
a.He ______________________the facts.
b.His opinion ______________ the facts.
at the base of the flower
based his opinion on
was based on
③Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should their own
interest.
A.be based on B.base on
C.be basing on D.base at
解析 句意：许多学生认为他们的课程和大学的选择应该以他们自己的兴趣为基础。
base和choice是动宾关系，故用短语be based on。
答案 A
2.regardless of不管；不顾
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the
same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.
不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。
(2)He hired a plane regardless of the cost.
他不惜代价，租了一架飞机。
(3)We arrived at the station on time in spite of the storm.
虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①不管天气如何，我们都将继续跑步比赛。
We’ll continue the race _________________________.
②________ what their friendships are based upon，shared feelings or activities，the
important thing to remember is ________ both of them are friendships.
A.Regardless；that B.Regardless of；what
C.Though；/ D.Regardless of；that
regardless of the weather
解析 句意：不管他们的友谊是建立在什么基础之上，共享的感情也好，共同参加的
活动也好，要记住最重要的事情是这两种都是友谊。regardless of为介词短语，后跟名
词性从句；第二个空后为表语从句，缺少引导词that。
答案 D
[易混辨析] regardless of，in spite of
regardless of 意为“不管”，强调主观态度
in spite of
意为“尽管”，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相
当于despite，其后常接名词或名词短语而不接从句
选用上述词语填空
③尽管天气很冷，他却没有退缩，而是不顾自身安危去营救那个落水儿童。
____________ the cold day，he didn’t shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning
child ____________ his personal safety.
In spite of
regardless of
3.end up最后成为；最终处于
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in
the waiting room.
最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。
(2)We started with soup，and ended up with fruits.
我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。
(3)Their effort ended up in failure.
他们的努力以失败告终。
[归纳拓展]
end up doing sth最终做某事
end up with sth以某物结束
end up＋adj./prep.短语最后……
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
If you continue to steal，you’ll ________________.
②看了那么多的房子之后，我们最终还是买了湖边的那栋房子。
After seeing so many houses，we ______________________ on the lakeside.
③无人驾驶的汽车最终会成为一种公共交通工具，而不是你自己的交通工具。
Driverless cars may ___________________ public transport rather than vehicles you own.
end up in prison
ended up buying the one
end up being a form of
4.rely on/upon依赖；依靠
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P19)Friendship means having someone I can rely on.
友谊意味着有人可以依靠。
(2)As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it，wishing for a few good things to happen
never hurts anybody.
只要人不逐渐依赖它，希望一些好的事情发生永远不会伤害任何人。
(3)He can’t be relied on to tell the truth.
不能指望他说真话。
(4)You can rely on it that he will come to help you.
你放心好了，他会来帮你的。
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他们是一个很棒的团队，当你需要时，可以指望他们帮忙。
They are a great group，and you can _____________________ when you need it.
②你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
You may ________________ the work will be finished ahead of time.
③你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
You can _________________________________.
rely on them for help
rely on it that
rely on/upon me to keep your secret
④The soldiers live on an island in the sea far away from land，and every week they
the boat for their supplies of fresh water，vegetables and foods.
A.belong to B.cut back on
C.rely on D.ask around
解析 从题干语义可以推知，生活在岛上的战士依靠船来给他们补给淡水、蔬菜和
食物。rely on依靠，指望，符合句意。belong to属于；cut back on减少；ask around
四处询问。
答案 C
5.thanks to幸亏，多亏，因为
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P19)Thanks to her help，I was able to pass the exam.
多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。
(2)It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。
[归纳拓展]
表示“因为”的短语还有：
because of(作状语)
due to(作表语或状语)
owing to(作状语)
as a result of(作状语)
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①多亏了这位热心的警察，夫妻俩找到了儿子。
______________________________________________，the couple found their son.
②I believe we could face delays if we travel by bus，________ traffic jams.
A.thanks to B.despite
C.regardless of D.in spite of
Thanks to the warm-hearted policeman
解析 句意：由于交通阻塞，我认为如果乘公共汽车我们将会面临迟到。thanks to由
于；despite尽管；regardless of无论，不管；in spite of尽管，不管。根据句意可知选A
项。
答案 A
[易混辨析] thanks to，due to，owing to，because of
thanks to 通常突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味
due to
用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有
时作状语
owing to 可以和due to换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语
because of 着重某种行为的理由，在句中通常作状语
选用上述词语填空
③由于生病，他没能参加这个会议。
He couldn’t attend the meeting ____________________________________________.
④多亏了你及时到达，我们才摆脱了危险的状况。
________________________________，we got out of the dangerous situation.
because of/due to/owing to illness
Thanks to your timely arrival
状语从句中的省略
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①除非事情做完了，否则你最好不要停下来。
______________________，you’d better not stop.
②虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。
__________________ by the climb，he continued his journey.
③吃早饭时，他浏览了报纸。
He scanned the newspaper ______________________.
Unless (it is) finished
Although exhausted
while having breakfast
④“If，” he added，“ enough time，I would certainly have done it better.”
A.to give B.given
C.I was given D.to be given
解析 句意：他补充说，“如果给我足够的时间，我一定能做得更好”。“If I
were given enough time，I would certainly have done it better.”省略“I were”，故选B。
答案 B
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