Period Four Project
Ⅰ.单词自测
1.topic n.话题
subject n.主题；科目
2.attitude n.态度，看法
altitude n.海拔(高度)
3.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
caution n.小心，谨慎
4.eager adj.热切的，急不可待的
eagerly adv.热切地
5.worldwide adv.& adj.全世界(的)
6.adolescent adj.青春期的； n.青少年
adolescence n.青春期
7.respond vi.做出反应，回应
response n.反应
8.pause vi.& n.停顿，暂停
stop v.停止
9.security n.平安，安全；安全措施
secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；v.获得；使安全
10.revision n.复习；修订，修改
revise vt.复习；校正
11.mercy n.宽恕；仁慈
merciful adj.宽恕的；仁慈的
mercifully adv.宽恕地；仁慈地
12.apology n.道歉
apologize vi.& vt.道歉
Ⅱ.短语默写
1.be based on以……为基础，以……为根据
2.regardless of 不管，不顾
3.end up 最终处于；最后成为
4.rely on 依赖，依靠
5.thanks to 幸亏；由于
6.be committed to 对……尽心尽力
7.have a quarrel with 与……争吵
8.in conclusion 总之
阅读清障
①twin/twIn/adj.双胞胎之一的；成双的 n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一
②get along well(＝get on well)相处融洽，进展顺利
③puzzle vt. 使困惑，使迷惑不解
④for example 例如(用于举例，用逗号与其他成分隔开)
⑤apartment/ə'pɑ:tmənt/n. 公寓套房
※现在分词 talking作伴随状语。
⑥three and a half hours＝three hours and a half 三个半小时
⑦topic/'tɒpIk/n.话题
※so...that 如此……以至于，引导结果状语从句。what they talked about是 what 引
导的宾语从句。
⑧recipe n.食谱；秘诀
⑨attitude/'ætItju:d/n.态度，看法
表示“对……的态度”时用介词 to 或 towards。
⑩anchor/'æŋkə(r)/vt.扎根于；使基于；下锚；使固定；n.锚
be anchored in 基于
※过去分词 shared 作定语，修饰 feelings and support。
⑪be based on 以……为基础，以……为根据
⑫be likely to 倾向于，有可能
⑬cautious/'kɔ:ʃəs/adj.小心的，谨慎的
be cautious about 对……谨慎
⑭eager/'i:ɡə(r)/adj.热切的，急不可待的
※that 引导定语从句，修饰 something。
be eager to do sth 急于做某事
be eager for 急于得到……
⑮worldwide/'wɜ:ldwaId/adv.& adj.全世界(的)
⑯show vt.& vi.表明；证明；出示；给……看；放映
⑰adolescent/,ædə'lesnt/adj.青春期的；n.青少年
⑱single adj.仅有一个的(用于加强语气)
※“连词＋分词”(省略了主语和 be 动词)为状语从句的省略形式。When asked
的完整形式为 When they are asked。
⑲hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
⑳respond/rI'spɒnd/vi.作出反应，回应
respond to 对……作出反应，回应
○21 be busy with sth 忙于某事
※so ... that 如此……以至于，that 引导结果状语从句。it 在此处为形式主语，
真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 to choose...。
※who have been asked 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 females。
○22 pause/pɔ:z/vi.& n.停顿；暂停
※to share with ... 在该句中作定语。
○23 share vt.分享
share sth with sb 与某人共同占有/使用某物
※while conj.而，然而，表示一种对比关系。
※that 引导定语从句，修饰 qualities。其中 that 在定语从句中作 consider的宾语。
○24 consider sb/sth(to be)＋adj.认为某人/某物……
○25 regardless of 不管，不顾
regardless/rI'ɡɑ:dləs/adv.不顾；不管怎样
※that引导表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，本身也无任何意义。
原文呈现
Teenagers’ friendships
My friend，Robert，has a twin① sister named Amanda.Though they get along well②，
there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle③Robert.He can’t
understand how girls can talk for so long.For example④，sometimes when he leaves
the apartment⑤to play football，Amanda and her friend，Sharon，are sitting on the
sofa，talking.When he comes back three and a half hours⑥later，they’re still sitting on
the sofa，continuing the same conversation on the same topic⑦.One day Robert was so
curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about，but she replied，‘We’re best
friends.We talk about almost everything—film stars ， pop songs ， recipes⑧ ，
everything！’
Boys and girls have different attitudes⑨towards friendship.Friendships between girls
are usually anchored⑩in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are
based on⑪shared activities or interests.A boy is likely to⑫be cautious⑬about sharing
his feelings with his close friends.A girl’s closest friend，however，might be eager⑭to
tell her about something that has happened in her life.
Many studies worldwide⑮show⑯that girls have more friendships than boys.In fact，
many adolescent⑰males cannot name a single⑱best friend.When asked，they usually
hesitate⑲before responding⑳，‘My best friend？I can’t think about that.I am busy
with
○21
my homework，and I have so many different friends that it is hard to choose
just one best friend.’
Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausing
○22
，‘A
best friend？Of course.We have a lot to share
○23
with each other.We do a lot of things
together such as talking and shopping.’
We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.The qualities that
boys and girls consider
○24
important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of
○25
the
basis of these friendships.The important thing to remember is that both of them are
friendships.We all need friends in our lives.
课文译文
青少年的友谊
我的朋友罗伯特有一个双胞胎妹妹叫阿曼达。尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她
的朋友们的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。他无法理解女孩子怎么会聊天聊那么
长时间。例如，有时他离开公寓去踢足球，阿曼达和她的朋友莎伦就坐在沙发上
聊天。当他三个半小时后回来时，她们仍然坐在沙发上，继续聊着同样的话题。
一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，但她回答说：“我们是最
好的朋友。我们几乎什么都聊——电影明星、流行歌曲、食谱，所有的事！”
男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和
互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或爱好为基础。对于与密友分
享情感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她
吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。
全世界的许多研究表明女孩比男孩有更多的友谊。事实上，许多青春期的男孩说
不出一个最好的朋友。当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“我最好的
朋友？我没有想过这个问题。我忙于家庭作业。我有很多不同的朋友，很难说出
哪一个是我最好的朋友。”
被问到过这个问题的女孩往往能毫不犹豫地回答：“最好的朋友？当然有。我们
彼此分享的东西很多。我们一起做很多事，比如聊天和逛街。”
我们必须认识到：男孩分享活动，而女孩分享情感。不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的
基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。所要记住的重要一点
是：它们二者均是友谊。我们在生活中都需要朋友。
①security/sI'kjʊərətI/n.平安，安全；安全措施
②comfort n.舒适，安慰，安慰者；v.安慰
③imagine v.想象，幻想，猜测
imagine doing sth 想象做某事
④by oneself 独自地，单独
⑤through Beijing 经过北京
⑥on the way to 在去……的路上
※since conj.由于(此处表原因)，引导原因状语从句。
⑦see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
※having their pictures taken 是 have sth done 结构。
⑧end up 最后成为；最终处于
end up doing sth 以做某事结束
end up as 最终成为……
⑨waiting room n.候车室；等候室；候诊室
⑩no fun 不好玩，没有乐趣
⑪companion n.同伴，同事
※I can rely on 是定语从句，修饰 someone，其中关系代词 who/whom因在从句
中作宾语而省略了。
⑫rely on 依靠，依赖
rely/rI'laI/vi. 依靠，依赖
⑬trolleybus/'trɒlIbʌs/n. 无轨电车
⑭panicked 为动词 panic的过去式，panic意为“(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措”。
⑮revision/rI'vIʒn/n.复习；修订，修改
⑯thanks to 幸亏；由于
⑰be able to 能，能够
⑱committed/kə'mItId/adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
※动词不定式短语 to be a friend 作表语。
⑲patience n.耐性；耐心；忍耐，容忍
patient adj.耐心的
⑳mercy/'mɜ:sI/n.宽恕；仁慈
○21 have a quarrel with sb 和某人吵架
○22 comment n.评论；意见；批评
后常接介词 on/about，表示“对……的评论”。
○23 apology/ə'pɒlədʒI/n.道歉
make an apology 道歉
○24 incident n.发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
※if I had ended our friendship ... 是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语
气。从句谓语用 had done，主句谓语用 would have done。
○25 in conclusion 总之；最后
○26 look back on 回顾；回忆
※we bought 与 we have been to 均是省略 that 的定语从句。先行词分别为 things
和 places。
※whom we loved 是 whom 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。
※who loved us 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。
What friendship means to me
When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while
others choose things like security① and comfort②.However，for me，the most important
thing in life is friendship.I cannot imagine③being without it.
Friendship means not being alone.Once I was travelling by myself④through Beijing⑤
on the way to⑥ my grandparents’ house.Since my next train left in the evening，I had a
day for sightseeing.At first，I didn’t mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists
having⑦ their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.I ended up⑧ returning to
the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room⑨.Life is no fun⑩
without a companion⑪to share it with.
Friendship means having someone I can rely on⑫.Last year，I left my schoolbag on a
trolleybus⑬， and I lost all of my notes for the final exam.You can imagine how I
panicked⑭.Luckily for me，my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes，and I used
them in my revision⑮.Thanks to⑯ her help，I was able to⑰ pass the exam.
Friendship means being committed⑱ to others.The best way to have a friend is to be a
friend.Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience⑲ and mercy⑳.Once I had a
quarrel with Jenny
○21
，and she made some cruel comments
○22
about me.Even though I
was hurt，I forgave her and she later made an apology
○23
.Through this incident
○24
，both
of us have become better people.However，if I had ended our friendship，we would
have both learnt nothing.
In conclusion
○25
，when we are old and look back on
○26
our lives，what will we
remember？Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to？
No， we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us.We will
remember our friends.
友谊对我意味着什么
当确定生活中最重要的是什么时，有些人选择金钱，而有些人则选择诸如安全感
和舒适之类的东西。然而，对我而言，生活中最重要的东西是友谊。我不能想象
没有友谊的生活。
友谊意味着不孤独。有一次我独自一人去旅行，途经北京去我祖父母家。由于我
要乘坐的下一趟火车要到晚上才开，我有一天的观光时间。起初，我并不介意自
己一个人，但后来看见所有的旅客一起拍照，我开始感到难过。最终我回到火车
站，在候车室里过完了这一天。如果没有同伴分享，生活就索然无味。
友谊意味着有人可以依靠。去年，我把书包落在了无轨电车上，丢了所有的期末
考试的笔记。你可以想象我有多慌乱。对我来说幸运的是，我最好的朋友珍妮让
我复印了她的笔记，我复习时用了它们。多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。
友谊意味着忠诚于他人。拥有朋友的最佳途径就是做一个朋友。因为我是一个朋
友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。有一次我与珍妮吵架，她对我作了一些残酷
无情的评论。尽管我受到了伤害，我还是原谅了她。后来她向我道歉。通过这件
事，我们俩都变成了更好的人。然而，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们俩
都会一无所得。
总之，当我们年老了回顾我们的生活时，我们会记住什么呢？我们会记住我们买
过的东西或者是去过的地方吗？不，我们会记住那些我们爱过的人和爱过我们的
人。我们会记住我们的朋友。
Ⅰ.速读课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1.Robert knows the reason why girls always have so much to talk about.(F)
2.Girls can continue the same conversation on the same topic for a very long time.(T)
3.Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.(T)
4.Friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.(T)
5.Studies have shown that boys have more friendships than girls.(F)
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选出最佳答案
1.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Boys have more friendships than girls.
B.Boys and girls have the same attitude towards friendship.
C.Boys share activities，while girls share feelings.
D.Boys always seem to have a lot to talk about with their best friends.
答案 C
2.From Para.3 of the second text，we can infer that .
A.money can buy friendship
B.a friend in need is a friend indeed
C.when someone is in trouble，a friend will appear
D.friendship is the most important thing in the world
答案 B
3.According to the second text， the most important thing in life for the author
is .
A.money B.friendship
C.security D.comfort
答案 B
4.According to the second text，all of the following are the meanings of friendship
except that .
A.friendship means not being alone
B.friendship means having someone you can rely on
C.friendship means being admitted to others
D.friendship means helping others do anything at any moment
答案 D
5.According to the second text，we know that .
A.once a friend always a friend
B.once a thief always a thief
C.the best way to have a friend is to be a friend
D.the best way to have a friend is to give others much money
答案 C
Ⅲ.细读课文，完成表格，每空一词
1.attitude n.态度，看法
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.
男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。
(2)Do you know his attitude to/towards the question?
你知道他对这个问题的看法吗？
(3)Tom has a positive attitude towards/to the matter.
汤姆对这件事持积极态度。
[归纳拓展]
attitude to/towards...对……的态度
have a(n)...attitude to/towards sb/sth对某人/某事持……态度
take/adopt a(n)...attitude采取……的态度
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①首先，我们应该有一种对生活的积极态度。
Firstly，we should have a positive attitude towards life.
②每次都会成功，只要你对生活有份积极的态度。
Every try will be a success，if you take/adopt/have an active attitude towards
life.
③As you get older，your towards death changes.
A.attitude B.opinion
C.idea D.thought
答案 A
解析 句意：随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法也会有所改变。one’s attitude
to/towards...某人对……的态度，符合句意。
2.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close
friends.
对于与密友分享情感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。
(2)You should be cautious of the strangers.
你应该小心提防陌生人。
(3)The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be cautious about/of...对……小心，谨慎于……
be cautious to do sth谨慎地做某事
(2)caution n.小心，谨慎
with caution＝cautiously谨慎地
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①那位年轻人谨慎地打开了那个神秘的盒子。
The young man was cautious to open the mysterious box.
②医生们对这种新疗法很谨慎。
Doctors are cautious about/of the new treatment.
③These chemicals may be harmful to human bodies.Use them with .
A.chart B.caption
C.caution D.catalogue
答案 C
解析 句意：这些化学药品可能对人体有害。使用时要小心。chart意为“图表”；
caption意为“说明文字”；caution意为“小心”；catalogue 意为“目录”。根
据句意可知选 C项。
3.respond vi.做出反应，回应
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……
(2)She responded to my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信时，给我回了个电话。
(3)She laughed in response to his jokes.
她听了他的笑话大笑起来。
(4)Shemade no response to my question.
她对我的问题没有做什么答复。
[归纳拓展]
(1)respond to sb/sth with sth以某种方式回应某人/事
(2)response n.回答；响应；反应
in response to作为对……的反应
make a response to对……作出反应
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他对我的建议报之一笑。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
②到目前为止他们还没有对事故的结果做出回应。
So far they’ve not made any response to the result of the accident.
③These comments came specific questions often asked by local
newsmen.
A.in memory of B.in response to
C.in touch with D.in possession of
答案 B
解析 句意：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to
作为对……的回答反应，符合语境。in memory of为了纪念；in touch with与……
有联系；in possession of拥有，持有。
4.committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P19)Friendship means being committed to others.
友谊意味着忠诚于他人。
(2)Most crimes are committed by young men.
多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。
(3)The President is committed to reforming health care system.
总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
(4)She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.
她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be committed to对……忠诚；致力于……
(2)commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证
commit oneself to(doing) sth...答应做……
(3)commitment n.[C](＝promise)承诺，保证
make a commitment to (do) sth/sb对(做)某事/某人做出承诺
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①你做好忠于婚姻的准备了吗？
Are you ready to be committed to a marriage?
②他保证按时付账。
He made a commitment to pay the bill on time.
③她致力于帮助穷人的工作。
She is very committed to her job to help the poor.
④He admitted having a mistake.
A.committed B.constructed
C.completed D.contributed
答案 A
解析 commit a mistake 犯错误，符合句意。construct 建设；complete 完成；
contribute捐助，投稿。
⑤But he quickly found that he loved playing the violin，and was to
practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
A.committed B.used
C.limited D.admitted
答案 A
解析 根据前半句：他很快发现自己喜爱拉小提琴可知，他会致力于练习，以至
于几个月内他就理所应当弹得很好了。
5.mercy n.宽恕；仁慈
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.
因为我是一个朋友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。
(2)They were lost at the sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
(3)He showed mercy to the defeated enemy.
他怜悯被打败的敌人。
[归纳拓展]
at the mercy of...任……摆布；在……的掌握中
without mercy无情地；残忍地
have mercy on怜悯，宽恕
show mercy to对……表示同情
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他们对敌人绝不留情。
They had little mercy on their enemy.
②他受到无情地对待。
He was treated without mercy.
③It was clear that the grocer was people he owed money to.
A.at the expense of B.at the risk of
C.in the way of D.at the mercy of
答案 D
解析 句意：显然，这个杂货商任凭其债主的摆布。at the mercy of意为“在……
支配下”，符合句意。at the expense of意为“以……为代价”；at the risk of 意
为“冒……的危险”；in the way of意为“碍……事”。
1.be based on/upon以……为基础，以……为根据
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and
support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.
女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以
共同的活动或兴趣为基础。
(2)In 1849，he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
在 1849年，他去了英格兰并将伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
[归纳拓展]
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础之上
(2)base n.基础；基地，根据地；vt.以……为据点
at the base of...在……的底部
[即时跟踪] 完成句子/一句多译
①我发现这花的底部有一个小昆虫。
I found a small insect at the base of the flower.
②他的观点是以事实为基础的。
a.He based his opinion on the facts.
b.His opinion was based on the facts.
③Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should
their own interest.
A.be based on B.base on
C.be basing on D.base at
答案 A
解析 句意：许多学生认为他们的课程和大学的选择应该以他们自己的兴趣为基
础。base和 choice是动宾关系，故用短语 be based on。
2.regardless of不管；不顾
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to
be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.
不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一
样的。
(2)He hired a plane regardless of the cost.
他不惜代价，租了一架飞机。
(3)We arrived at the station on time in spite of the storm.
虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①不管天气如何，我们都将继续跑步比赛。
We’ll continue the race regardless of the weather.
② what their friendships are based upon，shared feelings or activities，the
important thing to remember is both of them are friendships.
A.Regardless；that B.Regardless of；what
C.Though；/ D.Regardless of；that
答案 D
解析 句意：不管他们的友谊是建立在什么基础之上，共享的感情也好，共同参
加的活动也好，要记住最重要的事情是这两种都是友谊。regardless of为介词短
语，后跟名词性从句；第二个空后为表语从句，缺少引导词 that。
[易混辨析] regardless of，in spite of
regardless of 意为“不管”，强调主观态度
in spite of
意为“尽管”，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相当于 despite，其
后常接名词或名词短语而不接从句
选用上述词语填空
③尽管天气很冷，他却没有退缩，而是不顾自身安危去营救那个落水儿童。
In spite of the cold day，he didn’t shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning
child regardless of his personal safety.
3.end up最后成为；最终处于
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day
in the waiting room.
最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。
(2)We started with soup，and ended up with fruits.
我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。
(3)Their effort ended up in failure.
他们的努力以失败告终。
[归纳拓展]
end up doing sth最终做某事
end up with sth以某物结束
end up＋adj./prep.短语 最后……
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
If you continue to steal，you’ll end up in prison.
②看了那么多的房子之后，我们最终还是买了湖边的那栋房子。
After seeing so many houses，we ended up buying the one on the lakeside.
③无人驾驶的汽车最终会成为一种公共交通工具，而不是你自己的交通工具。
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than
vehicles you own.
4.rely on/upon依赖；依靠
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P19)Friendship means having someone I can rely on.
友谊意味着有人可以依靠。
(2)As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it，wishing for a few good things to happen
never hurts anybody.
只要人不逐渐依赖它，希望一些好的事情发生永远不会伤害任何人。
(3)He can’t be relied on to tell the truth.
不能指望他说真话。
(4)You can rely on it that he will come to help you.
你放心好了，他会来帮你的。
[归纳拓展]
rely on/upon＝depend on/upon指望，依赖；信任
rely on/upon sb to do sth依赖/相信/指望某人去做某事
rely on/upon sb for...依靠某人……
rely on it that...相信……，指望……
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他们是一个很棒的团队，当你需要时，可以指望他们帮忙。
They are a great group，and you can rely on them for help when you need it.
②你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
③你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
You can rely on/upon me to keep your secret.
④The soldiers live on an island in the sea far away from land，and every week they
the boat for their supplies of fresh water，vegetables and foods.
A.belong to B.cut back on
C.rely on D.ask around
答案 C
解析 从题干语义可以推知，生活在岛上的战士依靠船来给他们补给淡水、蔬菜
和食物。rely on依靠，指望，符合句意。belong to属于；cut back on减少；ask around
四处询问。
5.thanks to幸亏，多亏，因为
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P19)Thanks to her help，I was able to pass the exam.
多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。
(2)It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。
[归纳拓展]
表示“因为”的短语还有：
because of(作状语)
due to(作表语或状语)
owing to(作状语)
as a result of(作状语)
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①多亏了这位热心的警察，夫妻俩找到了儿子。
Thanks to the warm－hearted policeman，the couple found their son.
②I believe we could face delays if we travel by bus， traffic jams.
A.thanks to B.despite
C.regardless of D.in spite of
答案 A
解析 句意：由于交通阻塞，我认为如果乘公共汽车我们将会面临迟到。thanks
to由于；despite尽管；regardless of无论，不管；in spite of尽管，不管。根据句
意可知选 A项。
[易混辨析] thanks to，due to，owing to，because of
thanks to 通常突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味
due to
用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有
时作状语
owing to 可以和 due to换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语
because of 着重某种行为的理由，在句中通常作状语
选用上述词语填空
③由于生病，他没能参加这个会议。
He couldn’t attend the meeting because of/due to/owing to illness.
④多亏了你及时到达，我们才摆脱了危险的状况。
Thanks to your timely arrival，we got out of the dangerous situation.
状语从句中的省略
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……
(2)I won’t go to the party unless (I am) invited.
我不会参加聚会，除非邀请我。
(3)While (he was) in college，he lived a simple life.
在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。
(4)Even though (he is) invited，he will not go there.
即使受到邀请，他也不去那儿。
[归纳拓展]
(1)在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果谓语部分有动词 be，
从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，常把从句中的主语和动词 be省略
(2)在 which，when，where，how和 why引导的宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相
同的部分，仅保留一个连词
(3)在时间、地点、条件状语从句中常省略 it is。常见的有 whenever possible，where
necessary，where possible，if necessary，if so，if possible，if any等
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①除非事情做完了，否则你最好不要停下来。
Unless (it is) finished，you’d better not stop.
②虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。
Although exhausted by the climb，he continued his journey.
③吃早饭时，他浏览了报纸。
He scanned the newspaper while having breakfast.
④“If，” he added，“ enough time，I would certainly have done it
better.”
A.to give B.given
C.I was given D.to be given
答案 B
解析 句意：他补充说，“如果给我足够的时间，我一定能做得更好”。“If I were
given enough time，I would certainly have done it better.”省略“I were”，故选 B。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She is very cautious (谨慎的) of/about giving offense to others.
2.Two guards looked after the security (安全) of the property.
3.A revision (修订本) of the book will be published.
4.French cheeses are famous worldwide (全世界).
5.Boys and girls have different attitudes (态度) towards friendship.
6.Many adolescents (青少年) are addicted to the Internet.
7.He responded (回应) to my suggestion with a laugh.
8.It’s cruel (残酷的) of the boss to treat that man.
9.His basic outlook remains anchored(扎根于) in the liberal tradition.
10.She was eager(急切的) to tell me about the events that led to the argument.
Ⅱ.选词填空
regardless of，be based on，rely on，thanks to，in conclusion
1.Friendship is based on mutual respect and understanding.
2.He continued speaking regardless of my feeling and objection on the matter.
3.Thanks to your help，we finished the task ahead of time.
4.In conclusion, I’d like to say I’ve enjoyed staying here.
5.I know I can rely on you to sort it out.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.发生在我们办公室里的事令我大惑不解。
I’m puzzled by what happened in our office.
2.王鹏伟坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。
Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.
3.他一有可能就来帮助我。
Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to help me.
4.他们用水只能依靠这条河。
They have to rely on the river for their water.
5.您最终怎么会从事网络服务方面的工作呢？
How did you end up working on web services?
Ⅳ.单项填空
1.There are a lot of things the boy is about.He is always asking questions.
A.interested B.anxious
C.curious D.excited
答案 C
解析 句意：那个男孩对很多事情都感到好奇。老是问这问那。be anxious about
意为“对……担忧”；be curious about 意为“对……感到好奇”；be excited
about意为“对……感到兴奋”。interested与 in搭配。
2.As friends，you should be to each other.Which one is wrong?
A.sure B.devoted
C.committed D.loyal
答案 A
解析 be devoted/committed/loyal to sb对某人忠诚，故选 A。
3.—Life is still hard for a great many farmers in China’s west.
— that the government is taking new measures to help them out.
A.In spite of B.Because of
C.Regardless of D.In addition
答案 B
解析 because of因为，符合句意。in spite of尽管；regardless of不管，不论；in
addition此外。
4.John was dismissed last week because of his casual towards his job.
A.attitude B.opinion
C.goal D.viewpoint
答案 A
解析 句意：约翰上周被解雇的原因是他对工作漫不经心的态度。attitude 态度，
符合句意。opinion 看法；goal 目标；viewpoint 观点。
5.The coat is very beautiful and suitable to me， a little expensive.
A.though B.where
C.as D.since
答案 A
解析 句意：这件大衣很漂亮而且适合我，虽然它有点儿贵。此处是 though 引
导让步状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为 though it is a little expensive。故选 A。
6.We are at your service.Don’t to turn to us if you have any further
problems.
A.beg B.desire
C.hesitate D.seek
答案 C
解析 句意：我们为你服务。如果有任何问题，请马上向我们求助。hesitate to do
sth 犹豫不决做某事。
7.—Have you heard of the news that some bad guys set fire to the city hall and caused
a lot of damage last night?
—Yes.I’m wondering how the police will the accident.
A.appeal to B.respond to
C.belong to D.stick to
答案 B
解析 句意：——你听说了一些匪徒昨晚放火烧了市政大厅并造成巨大损失的消
息了吗？——是的，我很想知道警方会对此事做出什么反应。 respond to 回答，
做出反应，符合语境。appeal to 吸引，上诉；belong to 属于；stick to 坚持。
8.Whether the clothes will be ready tomorrow the tailors.
A.decides on B.relies on
C.calls on D.agrees on
答案 B
解析 句意：明天衣服是否能做好全指望裁缝了。decide on 决定；rely on 依赖，
指望；call on 呼吁；请求；agree on 就……达成一致。根据句意应选 B。
9. electronic mail，today you can send a letter around the world in seconds
simply by pressing a button.
A.Thanks to B.Apart from
C.Regardless of D.According to
答案 A
解析 句意：多亏了电子邮件，今天你只要简单地按下一个键就可以在几秒钟内
把信发到世界各地。thanks to 由于，幸亏，符合句意。
10.Without a sure supply of water，farming in that area remains at the of
the weather.
A.pace B.risk
C.cost D.mercy
答案 D
解析 句意：没有稳定的水源供应，那个地区的农业依然靠天吃饭。at the mercy
of 任凭……的摆布，完全受……的支配，符合句意。at the pace of 以……速度；
at the risk of 冒……的风险；at the cost of 以……为代价。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1. ，nothing can be done to change it.
A.Begins B.Once begun
C.Once beginning D.Began
答案 B
解析 此题省略了主语和 be动词，once begun相当于 once it is begun。
2.Without facts，we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual
knowledge our thinking.
A.which to base upon B.which to be based on
C.upon which to base D.on which to be based
答案 C
解析 此处可理解为“base our thinking on factual knowledge...”。
3.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just sweet
dreams.
A.keep up with B.put up with
C.end up with D.catch up with
答案 C
解析 句意：睡觉前，闻一闻鲜花，就可能做甜梦。keep up with保持；put up with
容忍；end up with以……而告终；catch up with赶上。由句意知 C项正确。
4.However，scientists are delighted by the discovery，because the engineers are all
very educated people and scientists feel they can what they described.
A.rely on B.deal with
C.write down D.pass on
答案 A
解析 此处指“科学家感觉他们能够信任工程师们所描述的”；rely on依赖，信
任，符合题意。
5.I’m always about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt
others’ feelings.
A.enthusiastic B.curious
C.doubtful D.cautious
答案 D
解析 be cautious about“对……谨慎”，符合句意。
6.It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude life when you are
trouble.
A.to；under B.of；in
C.to；in D.with；in
答案 C
解析 attitude to...对……的态度；in trouble处于麻烦之中。
7. I have to sell my house，I’ll keep my business going.
A.Even though B.If
C.Since D.Because
答案 A
解析 even though尽管，即使，引导让步状语从句。故选 A。
8.Tim continued to run away， our shouts to him that he should return.
A.as regards B.with regard to
C.regarding D.regardless of
答案 D
解析 as regards，with regard to 和 regarding 都表示“关于，至于”的意思；
regardless of不管，不顾，引导让步状语，符合句意。
9.With our knowledge practice，we can make great contributions to our
society.
A.to base on B.basing on
C.based on D.base on
答案 C
解析 逗号前面的部分为 with复合结构，因为 our knowledge与 base...on之间为
动宾关系，故用 based on。
10.I just bought the same pen you have.Look!
A.as B.that
C.which D.what
答案 A
解析 the same...as与……一样的，当先行词前有 the same修饰并表示“同类不
同一”的概念时，定语从句中关系代词用 as。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day I was taking a bus.The driver didn’t 1 to start the bus soon because it
was not yet 2 .A middle－aged woman got on.Tired and sad，she told her story
3 ，not to anyone particular.On her way to the station，half of her 4 was
stolen.The other half was hidden under her blouse，so she 5 still had some left.A
few minutes later，she stopped crying，but still looked 6 .
When all the seats were taken，the driver started the engine.The conductor(售票员)
began to collect the fares.When she came to an old man in worn－out clothes，he 7
that he had spent all his money as he accidentally got on a wrong bus and now was
trying to go home.On hearing this，she ordered the old man to 8 the bus.The old
man was almost in tears as he 9 her to let him take the bus home.The driver
took the conductor’s side and repeated the conductor’s 10 .
The woman was watching the incident. 11 the driver and the conductor raised
their voices at the old man，she interfered(干涉).
“Stop 12 him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home？”
“He doesn’t have any money！” the driver 13 .
“Well，that’s no 14 to throw him off the bus，” She insisted.
Then she reached inside her blouse，took out her 15 money，and handed it to the
conductor.“Here’s his fare and mine.Just stop giving him a 16 time.
All heads turned to the woman.“It’s only money，” she shrugged(耸肩).
She rode the rest of her way home 17 a happy smile，with the money she’d lost
earlier 18 .
On the road of life， the help of strangers can 19 our loads and lift our
spirits.How much sweeter the 20 will be when we make it a little smoother for
others!
1.A.try B.intend
C.decide D.care
答案 B
解析 句意：司机不想开车，因为车没满。intend to do sth打算做某事。
2.A.empty B.ready
C.crowded D.full
答案 D
解析 见上题解析。
3.A.carefully B.seriously
C.tearfully D.calmly
答案 C
解析 根据下文中的“...stopped crying”可知选 C。
4.A.money B.possession
C.fare D.wealth
答案 A
解析 句意：在来车站的路上，她一半的钱被偷了。
5.A.strangely B.happily
C.fortunately D.secretly
答案 C
解析 句意：她的另一半钱藏在衣服底下，所以她很幸运还有一些钱剩下。
fortunately adv.＝luckily幸运地。
6.A.unsatisfied B.weak
C.excited D.unhappy
答案 D
解析 句意：几分钟之后，她停止了哭泣，但仍看上去很不高兴。由文中的 still
一词可知，人物的心情应是一致的。
7.A.explained B.declared
C.admitted D.found
答案 A
解析 句意：当售票员来到一位衣衫破旧的老人面前时，他解释说，自己因为
上错了车而把钱花光了。
8.A.get off B.get over
C.get on D.get into
答案 A
解析 句意：听到这些，售票员让老人下车。get off下车。
9.A.thanked B.scolded
C.praised D.begged
答案 D
解析 句意：当老人请求售票员允许他能乘车回家时，几乎要哭了。beg v.请求；
乞求。
10.A.command B.action
C.suggestion D.request
答案 A
解析 句意：司机站在售票员这一边，重复了让老人下车的命令。上文中的“On
hearing this，she ordered the old man to...”是提示信息。command n.命令；指令。
11.A.Unless B.When
C.Until D.Although
答案 B
解析 句意：当她看到司机和售票员朝老人抬高嗓门时，她制止了他们。
12.A.attacking B.wronging
C.blaming D.bothering
答案 D
解析 句意：不要这样对待他，难道你们不明白他只是想回家吗？bother v.打扰
或烦扰(某人)；使……不安。
13.A.warned B.whispered
C.repeated D.shouted
答案 D
解析 句意：司机吼道：“他没钱”。由双方对话的氛围，如上文 raised their voices
可知。
14.A.problem B.need
C.reason D.matter
答案 C
解析 句意：她坚持认为，那不是把老人赶下车的理由。
15.A.spending B.lost
C.remaining D.borrowed
答案 C
解析 句意：她从衣服里把剩下的钱拿出来，递给了售票员。the remaining money
剩下的钱。
16.A.busy B.hard
C.cold D.fearful
答案 B
解析 句意：这是我和他的车费，不要再难为他。give sb a hard time为难某人，
使某人难堪，跟某人过不去。
17.A.giving B.taking
C.wearing D.forcing
答案 C
解析 句意：她在回家的路上一直面带微笑，忘记了她丢的那些钱。wear vt.(脸
上)流露(某种神态)。
18.A.forgotten B.used
C.earned D.returned
答案 A
解析 见上题解析。
19.A.move B.increase
C.lighten D.carry
答案 C
解析 句意：在我们的人生之路上，帮助别人可以使我们的负担减轻，使我们的
灵魂得到升华。lighten vt.使更明亮；减轻。
20.A.world B.journey
C.smile D.friendship
答案 B
解析 句意：如果我们能使别人的道路平坦些，我们的人生之路会甜蜜得多。由
此段 On the road of life及文意可知。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
My name is Leanna Deeds，and I am blind.I have a bachelor’s degree(学士学位) in
journalism.However，my journalism career lasted ten months.I could not have a better
job because I could not see.So when I was offered a full－time job as a secretary for
the Office for Students with Disabilities at Portland Community College(PCC)，I took
it.However，I’m sure that my experience with higher education，and my understanding
of how it works was one of the reasons I was employed， and I know my college
education has helped me over the years.
Technology has also helped me overcome difficulties.I learned to read with an
optacon，an electronic reading device(装置) which allows blind people to read printed
material.
I achieved a great deal in my career today through perseverance(坚持不懈) and hard
work.I believe people with disabilities，above all，must learn the value of hard work
because they must work harder at everything they do than other people.
I have a good attendance record at work.It has served me well.People with disabilities
have fewer other duties in life because there are some things they can’t do.So，once
they have a job，they can go to work every day.
I have used initiative(主动性) at work to solve problems，especially my own.Since I
have always worked with people，I collect information at work，and I use it to help
them.I solve many small problems for people every day.
People with disabilities，and all people，should learn the system，respect it，and make
it work well for them.I have done that all my life.As the years passed，I decided that
continuing to work for PCC would be easier than starting over with another employer
because I am known for what I can do.
Advice I would give to others with disabilities who are starting to plan their careers or
look for employment：Always do your best.Take advantage of any opportunities that
come your way.Use technology to help you.When you get a job，stick to it.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位波特兰社区学院残疾学生办
公室盲人秘书的故事。
1.According to the text，Leanna Deeds .
A.worked as a journalist for a year
B.puts a value on her college education
C.graduated from PCC with a bachelor’s degree
D.heads the Office for Students with Disabilities at PCC
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第一段中的“I’m sure that my experience with higher
education...I know my college education has helped me over the years.”可知，
Leanna Deeds认为她在大学里的教育对她的帮助极大。
2.Leanna Deeds made achievements in her career by .
A.working hard
B.going to work every day
C.solving technological problems
D.finding new employment every year
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的“I achieved a great deal in my career today
through perseverance(坚持不懈) and hard work.”可知，Leanna Deeds 通过坚持不
懈和刻苦努力获得了职业上的成就。
3.How does Leanna Deeds find her work in PCC?
A.She considers it a boring job.
B.She can do it with skill and ease.
C.She loves it though it’s quite tiring.
D.She finds it hard to please her employer.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第五段中的描述及倒数第二段中的“As the years passed，
I decided that continuing to work for PCC would be easier...known for what I can
do.”可以推断，Leanna Deeds目前在 PCC工作得游刃有余。
4.What does Leanna Deeds mainly intend to tell us?
A.All roads lead to Rome.
B.Wherever you are，you can succeed.
C.Work hard，try your best and stick to it.
D.However hard it is，you should never give up.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。由文中的描述以及最后一段中的“Always do your
best...When you get a job，stick to it.”可知，作者通过本文主要告诉读者要刻苦
努力、全力以赴并坚持到底。
Ⅳ.微写作
写作素材 (关于冲突)
1.日常生活中冲突很常见。
2.为了避免争执，我们应该在有不同意见时多交流而不是互相责备。
3.而且，我们应该学会真诚地道歉和原谅，这对于和谐生活很重要。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇 50词左右的英语短文)
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.To avoid quarrels,
we should communicate more instead of blaming each other when
there is disagreement.In addition, we should learn to apologize and
forgive sincerely，which is essential to a harmonious life.
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