Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage
PartⅠ Language Focus
Ⅰ.单词自测
1.mailbox n.邮箱
mailman n.邮递员
2.amusement n.娱乐，消遣
amuse vt.使开心，使发笑
amusing adj.有趣的，令人发笑的
3.identity n.身份
identification n.身份证明
identify vt.认出，识别
4.absurd adj.荒唐的，怪诞的
Ⅱ.短语默写
1.stay up 熬夜
2.tell jokes 讲笑话
3.no doubt 毫无疑问
4.cheer sb up 使某人振奋
5.would rather 宁愿
6.rather than 而不是
7.look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
1.doubt n.& vt.怀疑；不相信
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P7)I have no doubt he will succeed.
我毫不怀疑他将会成功。
(2)She doubts whether she’ll be successful.
她怀疑她能否成功。
(3)I have some doubt whether he will win the prize.
我怀疑他是否会获奖。
(4)There is no doubt that he will succeed eventually.
毫无疑问他最终将会成功。
[归纳拓展]
have no doubt (that)...毫不怀疑……
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
have some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
without/beyond doubt无疑地；确实地
sb doubts/doubted whether/if...某人怀疑……
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①这无疑是我们迄今最有用的一次会议。
This meeting has been，without doubt，the most useful we have had so far.
②约翰能否按时来还很难说。
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
2.persuade vt.说服，劝服；使相信
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P9)I’m so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel.
我很高兴能够劝服你向雷切尔道歉。
(2)We persuaded her into taking the job.
我们说服她接受了这份工作。
(3)I tried to persuade him not to drive too fast，but he wouldn’t listen.
我努力劝说他不要开太快，可他就是不听。
(4)I persuaded him of its truth.
我使他相信这是真的。
[归纳拓展]
persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth＝persuade sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事
persuade sb of sth使某人信服某事
try to persuade sb to do sth＝advise sb to do sth劝说某人做某事
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①那位年轻人被说服放弃了那种错误的想法。
The young man was persuaded out of the wrong idea.
②他们设法让我们相信报道是真实的。
They tried to persuade us of the truth of the report.
③Don’t let yourself be into buying things you don’t want.
A.expressed B.organized
C.persuaded D.preferred
答案 C
解析 句意：不要被说服去买那些你不想买的东西。persuade sb into doing sth说
服某人做某事，此处为其被动语态形式。express表达；organize组织，成立；prefer
更喜欢，均不符合句意。
④His friends him to see a doctor，but he refused all of them.
A.persuaded B.advised
C.insisted D.suggested
答案 B
解析 句意：他的朋友劝他去看医生，但他都拒绝了。advise sb to do sth等于 try
to persuade sb to do sth意为“劝说某人做某事”；insist和 suggest后不能接 sb to
do sth。
3.discourage vt.劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P11)Mom discourages me from chatting online.妈妈阻止我网聊。
(2)The difficult work discouragedAlan and he left school.
过难的功课使艾伦失去了信心，他退学了。
(3)But instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging， just accept it as a
part of the journey.
把挫折看作是你人生旅途的一部分，而不是把它视为令人沮丧的东西。
(4)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.
如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到气馁。
[归纳拓展]
(1)discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
(2)discouraging adj.令人气馁的
discouraged adj.气馁的，沮丧的
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①如果在学习中遇到了困难，不要沮丧。
If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don’t be discouraged.
②It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be
focusing on kids from smoking.
A.discouraging B.inspiring
C.persuading D.encouraging
答案 A
解析 句意：吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。我们应把重点放在劝孩子们不要
吸烟上。discourage sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。根据句意选 A项。
1.stay up深夜不睡觉，熬夜；挺住
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P7)We stay up at night and talk about many things.
我们晚上熬夜一起聊许多事情。
(2)Strong houses may stay up through the earthquake.
坚固的房子可能会在地震中保存下来。
(3)He started staying out late，drinking.
他开始夜不归宿，在外面喝酒。
[归纳拓展]
stay at停留在
stay out待在外面，不在家；继续罢工
stay behind留下来不走，留在后面
stay away from离……远点，躲避
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①我在信中告诉她，她可以和我们住在一起。
In my letter，I told her that she could stay with us.
②我很高兴他正在戒烟。
I’m glad he’s staying away from smoking.
③聚会结束之后，他们留下来帮忙收拾。
They stayed behind after the party to help clear up.
④He has left out the most important reason why he last night.
A.stayed up B.put up
C.picked up D.kept up
答案 A
解析 句意：他遗漏了昨晚熬夜的最重要的原因。stay up 熬夜；put up张贴，
支起；pick up捡起，接收，加速；keep up持续，保持。
2.come up with想出，提出(主意、答案等)
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P7)See how many positive and negative adjectives that describe personality
you can come up with.
看一看你能够想出多少描述个性的积极的和消极的形容词。
(2)Written stories are frozen voices that come to life when we read them.
当我们阅读书面形式的故事时，就是让冰冷的声音恢复生命力。
(3)The meeting didn’t come to an end until midnight.
会议直到午夜才结束。
[归纳拓展]
come to life活跃起来，恢复生气
come to an end结束
come into power/office上台
come into use开始应用
come up to走近；达到，比得上
come across偶然遇到
come out出版；出来；开花；发表
[即时跟踪] 用适当的介、副词填空
①This piece of work does not come up to your usual standard.
②It was not until the Second World War that jet planes came into use.
③Your most recent book came out last year.
④Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.
⑤Is this your necklace，Mary？I it when I was cleaning the bathroom this
morning.
A.came across B.dealt with
C.looked after D.went for
答案 A
解析 句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在清理浴室时意外发现了它。
come across偶遇，意外发现，符合句意。deal with处理，对付；look after 照顾；
go for适用于。
3.all the time一直；始终
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P9)Jane is hard－working and seems to try her best all the time.
简学习勤奋而且似乎一直在尽其所能。
(2)If you can’t arrive there on time，you should warn them.
如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。
(3)If you want much more information，get in touch with them in time.
如果你想得到更多的信息，请与他们及时联系。
[归纳拓展]
on time按时
in time及时；总有一天
in no time马上
at the same time同时；尽管如此
at one time一度；过去曾经
at all times总是；随时；永远
[即时跟踪] 用 time的相关短语完成句子
①At one time I used to go skiing every winter.
②Don’t worry，you’ll get your figure back in no time.
③The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.
④She was laughing and crying at the same time.
⑤No man is wise at all times.
⑥The two girls had been talking in low voice all time during
the meeting，which upset the manager.
A.a；/ B./；/
C./；the D.a；the
答案 D
解析 句意：这两个女生一直在会议期间低声交谈，使经理感到心烦。in a low
voice低声地；all the time一直。
1.not only...but also...
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P6)He is not only polite，but also open－minded and humorous，so everyone
likes him.
他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。
(2)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。
(3)He not only washed the car，but polished it too/as well.
他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。
[归纳拓展]
(1)not only...but also...不仅……而且……，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语
(2)当 not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语
保持一致
(3)为了强调，可将 not only置于句首，此时后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式
(4)also有时可以省略，或将 also换成 too或 as well(置于句末)
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①不仅那位老师，还有学生们都反对该项计划。
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
②The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students
became more interested in the lessons.
A.saved was teachers’ energy
B.was teachers’ energy saved
C.teachers’ energy was saved
D.was saved teachers’ energy
答案 B
解析 句意：计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省了精力，而且学生对课程
更感兴趣。not only放在句首作状语时，句子需要部分倒装。
2.would rather do A than do B
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材 P9)You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and
arithmetic!
你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！
(2)She would rather go with us than stay behind.
她宁愿和我们一起去也不愿意留下来。
(3)I would rather you did it now.
我宁愿你现在就做这件事。
[归纳拓展]
(1)本句是简单句，would rather do...than do...宁可……也不……
(2)would rather＋宾语从句，表示“宁愿(某人)做某事”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，
一般过去时表示对现在或将来动作的虚拟；过去完成时表示过去要做而实际没有
做的动作
[即时跟踪] 完成句子
①他们宁愿把他们的业余时间花在电视或者是网上也不愿读书。
They would rather spend their spare time on TV or on the Internet
than read.
②我宁愿你昨天晚上就把这个消息告诉她。
I would rather you had told her the news last night.
③She at home watching TV than out to play with me.
A.would rather to stay；to go
B.would rather stay；go
C.would rather stay；to go
D.would rather to stay；go
答案 B
解析 句意：她宁愿待在家里看电视也不愿和我出去玩。would rather do A than do
B意为“宁愿做 A也不愿做 B”，故选 B。
注意：表达“宁愿做……而不愿做……”的其他结构还有：
①prefer to do...rather than do...
②prefer doing...to doing...
③do...rather than do...
④do...instead of doing...
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I persuaded(说服) him to give up the attempt.
2.Her eyes twinkled with amusement(愉悦).
3.Their identities(身份) were kept secret.
4.Please be polite(有礼貌的) to our guests.
5.It was generous(慷慨的) of him to offer to pay for us both.
6.The paintings were sold for absurdly(荒诞地) high price.
7.They knocked together two rough mailboxes(邮箱) with wooden boards.
Ⅱ.选词填空
come out，stay up，all the time，discourage...from，no doubt
1.No doubt she’ll call us when she gets there.
2.When is her new novel coming out?
3.The weather discouraged most people from attending.
4.You have to go to school tomorrow.So don’t stay up late.
5.She leaves the lights on all the time.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我相信你是诚实的。
I have no doubt that you are honest.
2.她最终说服他去了医院。
Finally she persuaded him into going to the hospital.
3.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.
4.他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。
Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water.
5.我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you came tomorrow.
Ⅳ.单项填空
1.My history teacher never buys books from online shops，and .
A.neither doesn’t his wife
B.his wife doesn’t either
C.his wife does too
D.so does his wife
答案 B
解析 句意：我的历史老师从来不在网上购买书籍，他的妻子也是这样。当表示
“……也不……”时，常使用句型“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主
语”，相当于“主语＋否定谓语＋either”。根据句意，此处表示否定，故选 B。
2. some people claim they can predict the future，there is no scientific basis
behind it.
A.As B.Once
C.While D.Because
答案 C
解析 句意：尽管有一些人声称他们能够预测未来，但没有科学根据。as当……
时候，因为；once一旦；while在……时候(后接持续性动词)，虽然，然而；because
因为。根据句意，此处表示让步，故选 C。
3.The relative government has to a new idea for getting rid of tons of
human waste without having to create new landfills.
A.consist of B.get away from
C.come up with D.come across
答案 C
解析 句意：相关政府必须想出处理数以吨计的人类废弃物的新方法并且无需建
设新的垃圾填埋场。consist of由……组成；get away from摆脱；come up with提
出；come across(偶然)遇到，碰到。
4.—My father is coughing heavily recently.
—You’d better .It’s bad for his health.
A.discourage him from smoking
B.keep him smoking
C.force him to stop to smoke
D.persuade him to smoke
答案 A
解析 答句句意：你最好阻止他抽烟。抽烟对他的身体有害处。keep sb doing让
某人一直做；force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事；persuade sb to do sth劝服某人做
某事，均不符合题意。discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，符合题意。
5.—Little Tom broke a window in our class.
—I would rather he that.
A.hasn’t done B.didn’t do
C.hadn’t done D.not do
答案 C
解析 句意：——小汤姆打坏了我们班的窗户。——我宁愿他没做过。would rather
后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。由句中的 broke可知是对过去的虚拟，故
选 C。
PartⅡ Grammar
动词不定式和动名词
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的句法功能
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把动词不定式置于句首。
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
责备那个工人弥补不了损失。
(2)用 it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末。
It’s absurd to make that remark on the scientific conclusion.
对这一科学结论做出那样的评论是荒唐的。
2.作宾语
动词不定式作宾语经常跟在下列动词后面：afford(负担得起)，choose(选择)，
attempt(企图)，agree(同意)，arrange(安排)，promise(承诺)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想
要)，intend(打算)，manage(设法)，plan(计划)，pretend(假装)，determine(决定)，
expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，remember(记着)等。
Our boss agreed to hire another ten workers to finish the work on time.
我们老板同意雇用另外 10个工人以按时完成这一工作。
He pretended to master French.In fact，he knew nothing of it.
他假装精通法语，其实他对此一窍不通。
3.作宾语补足语
英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语。若句子变为被动句，那么原先
作宾语补足语的动词不定式就相应地成为主语补足语了。
(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：advise，allow，persuade，
encourage，cause，force，forbid，require，expect，order等。
Allow me to introduce my impression of the beast.
允许我介绍一下我对这一野兽的印象。
(2)believe，consider，declare，feel，find，imagine，judge，know，prove，suppose，
think 等动词后可接 to be型动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The young man declared himself to be one member of the circus.
那个年轻人自称是马戏团的一员。
注意：hope，demand，suggest 等动词后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
4.作表语
动词不定式往往放在连系动词 be的后面作表语(become，sound，taste等连系动
词后面一般不接动词不定式)，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。动词不定式
作表语常用于以下结构中：My wish/job/aim/goal is ... 及The next step/measure is ...
等。
My wish is to become a biologist or an editor.
我的愿望是成为一名生物学家或者一名编辑。
The next step is to prevent the quarrel from becoming worse.
下一步是阻止争吵变得更糟。
5.作定语
动词不定式常常放在名词(如 ability，chance，way 等)或不定代词后面作后置定
语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果
动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则该动词不定式要用被动式。
Do you have anything to do tonight？你今晚有什么事要做吗？(主动)
I am going to Changsha tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there?
明天我要去长沙。你有什么东西要捎去吗？(被动)
[学法点拨] 在 the first，the second，the third，the last 等之后，或由 the first，the
second，the third，the last 等或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接动词不定式作
定语。
Who was the first to put forward such good advice?
谁是第一个提出这么好的建议的人？
The last one to come should be blamed.
最后来的人应受责备。
6.作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因或结果等。作结果状语时，可以表示
没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，动词不定式要放在句子后面。
I’ve come to apologize to you.我来是为了向你道歉的。(目的)
I’m lucky to keep pace with you.赶上你我很幸运。(原因)
We hurried to reach the station only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆地到达车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(结果)
(2)动词不定式作目的状语的常用结构有：only to do(仅仅为了)，in order to do，
so as to do，so/such... as to... (如此……以便……)。
That spy went to the navy base so as to monitor the navy’s movement.
那个间谍去海军基地以便监视海军的举动。
That master of Chinese arts crafts went there in order to get enough clay.
那位中国工艺美术大师去那儿是为了获取足够的陶土。
I added some liquid to the bottle only to see how the chemicals reacted.
我往瓶子里加了一些液体只是为了看看化学品是如何反应的。
(3)动词不定式作结果状语的常用结构有：never to do 再也没有做，so＋形容词/
副词＋as to... ，such＋名词短语＋as to ...，only to...竟然……(表示与所预料的相
反的结果)，形容词/副词＋enough to...足够……以至于……，too... to... 太……而
不能……。
He was in such a hurry as not to button his jacket.
他如此匆忙，以至于连夹克衫的纽扣都没有系上。
He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头竟然砸了自己的脚。
The girl was too sensitive to the criticism to focus her mind on her work.
这个女孩对批评很敏感，以至于不能集中精力干活。
注意：only to do sth与 only doing sth 都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do sth 表
示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的愿望未能实
现；only doing sth 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，这种结果是自然的、
合乎逻辑的。
I worked hard，only to fail at last.
我努力工作，最后却失败了。
He died，only leaving nothing but debts.
他死了，只留下一堆债务。
二、动词不定式的时态和语态
1.一般式：to do/to be done
动词不定式的一般式表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生
在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
他看起来知道这件事。(动作同时发生)
I hope to see you again.(＝I hope that I’ll see you again.)
我希望再次见到你。(发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后)
2.进行式：to be doing
动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
他看起来正在吃东西。
3.完成式：to have done/to have been done
动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
对不起，给你添了那么多麻烦。
4.完成进行式：to have been doing
动词不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直在进行的动作。
She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years.
大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。
注意：动词不定式的语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语与这个动词不定式有被动关系，不定式一般要用被动
语态。
It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
注意：某些动词如 to let，to blame(负有责任)等用主动式表被动含义。
The apartment is to let.这套公寓要出租。
Who is to blame for it？这得怪谁？
三、不带 to的动词不定式
1.let/make/have sb do
在 let，make，have 等使役动词之后的“宾语＋作宾语补足语的动词不定式”结
构中，不定式符号 to须省略。但是当 make，have 等用于被动语态的时候， 后
面的 to要还原。let通常不用于被动语态。
She avoids making you feel awkward.
她避免让你感觉尴尬。
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
老师让我们每周写一篇作文。
2.hear/see/feel/watch ... sb do
在 hear，see，feel，watch，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词(词组)后作宾语
补足语的动词不定式不带 to，但是当这些词(词组)用于被动语态时，后面的动词
不定式不能省略 to。
I never saw him speak like that.
我从未看到过他那样说话。
The person was seen to enter the shop by us.
我们看见那个人进了那家商店。(不能省略 to)
3.would rather/had better/why not do
在 would rather/had better/why not等词后的动词不定式通常省略 to。
We would rather rent the house than buy it outright.
我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿一次性付款买下它。
He’d rather chat than play football outside.
他宁愿聊天，也不愿出去踢足球。
You had better go there at once.你最好立即去那里。
Now that you are moving into a new apartment，why not buy some new furniture?
既然你要搬进一套新的公寓，为什么不买一些新家具呢？
You can get another phone card for free if you buy one.Why not buy one?
这种电话卡买一送一，为什么不买一张呢？
4.由 and/or/except/but/rather than连接的第二个动词不定式常省略 to
由 and/or/except/but/rather than 连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动
词不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带 to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或对
比，则不能省略 to。
I’d like to stay with you，help you and learn from you.
我想留下和你一起，帮助你并且向你学习。
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她回来。
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.尝试后失败比一点儿也不尝试好。
He hasn’t decided whether to go or to stay.他还没有决定是去还是留。
动名词
一、动名词的句法功能
1.作主语
动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Protecting endangered animals like whales is our duty.
保护像鲸这样的濒危动物是我们的职责。
Arguing with a woman like her is of no use.
和她那样的女人争吵是没用的。
2.作动词宾语
The boy hasn’t admitted making a terrible mistake.
那个男孩还没有承认他犯了一个可怕的错误。
3.作介词宾语
That hospital insisted on supplying medical aid for free to the injured.
那家医院坚持向那些伤员提供免费的医疗救助。
4.作表语
动名词(短语)作表语通常放在连系动词 be之后。句子主语一般是表示无生命的事
物的名词或 what引导的名词性从句。表语和主语是对等的关系时，两者的位置
往往可以互换。
Her job is teaching.(＝Teaching is her job.)
她的工作是教学。
What he hates most is being laughed at.
他最痛恨的是被嘲笑。
5.作定语
动名词(短语)作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能、用途等。
He can’t walk without a walking stick.
他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school?
你们学校有游泳池吗？
二、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词只能接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：admit，
dislike，imagine，delay，consider(考虑)，mind，avoid，enjoy，practise，miss，
finish，keep，suggest，recommend等。
I dislike being the centre of attention.
我不喜欢成为注意力的焦点。
三、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词短语
英语中有些动词短语只能接动名词或名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见的有：
cannot help(禁不住)，look forward to，feel like，cannot stand，put off等。
We look forward to seeing that gifted musician.
我们期望见到那位有天赋的音乐家。
I cannot stand being with her any longer.
我再也不能容忍和她在一起。
四、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大的动词
英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大，常见的有：continue，
prefer，begin，hate，like，start，love等。
When I can’t fall asleep，I don’t take pills.I prefer to read a book.It helps.
我睡不着时不是吃药，而是喜欢读书，这管用。
I prefer living on the east coast rather than the west coast of the country.
我更喜欢住在这个国家的东海岸而不是西海岸。
注意：love，hate，like 等表示好恶的动词，用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，
而用动词不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
五、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大的动词
(1)forget to do sth 表示“忘记做某事(未做)”；forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过
某事(已做过或已发生)”。
Don’t forget to prepare for the biology quiz next week.不要忘了为下周的生物测验
做准备。
He forgot telling me the importance of making plans in gardening.
他忘记告诉过我在园艺工作中制定规划的重要性了。
(2)remember to do sth 表示“记得做某事 (未做或晚于 remember 发生 )”；
remember doing sth 表示“记得做过某事(已做过或已发生)”。
You must remember to pay the doctor’s fees tomorrow.明天你一定要记着付诊疗
费。
Don’t you remember seeing the printer in that factory？你不记得已经见过那家工
厂的那名印刷工人了吗？
(3)regret to do sth 表示“对要做的事表示遗憾”；regret doing sth 表示“对做过
的事后悔”。
I regret to inform you that you are not admitted into Beijing University.
我很遗憾地通知你，你没有被北京大学录取。(对要发生的事表示遗憾)
I regret going sightseeing last weekend.I had something more important to do.我后
悔上周末去观光了。我有更重要的事情要做。(对已发生的“去观光”这件事后
悔)
(4)try to do sth 表示“努力/企图做某事”；try doing sth 表示“试着做某事”。
The criminal tried to escape，but failed.Before long，he was sentenced to three years
in prison.
这名罪犯企图逃跑，但失败了。不久，他被判三年监禁。
As a skilled operator Tom tried operating that new complex machine.
作为一名熟练的操作人员，汤姆试着操作那台新的结构复杂的机器。
(5)mean to do sth 表示“打算/有意要做某事”；mean doing sth 表示“意味着做
某事”。
I didn’t mean to quarrel with you.I just explained what I meant to you.
我没打算和你争吵，我只是把我的意思跟你作了解释。
This mistake will mean(your)apologizing to your friend.犯了这种错误你就要向朋
友道歉。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online
their valuable time. (2017·北京高考)
A.save B.saving
C.to save D.saved
答案 C
解析 句意：为了节省乘客宝贵的时间，许多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印
登机卡。由句意可知，不定式短语作目的状语。
2.Her library used to be a place for all who loved books and liked to share
knowledge.(2017·浙江高考)
A.meeting B.working
C.personal D.religious
答案 A
解析 根据后面的 for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge可知，她的
图书馆是那些喜爱读书且喜欢分享知识的人集会的地方。meeting集会，聚会，
符合语境。
3. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a
train .(2017·天津高考)
A.catching B.caught
C.to catch D.to be caught
答案 C
解析 句意：整个会议我都在看表，因为我要赶火车。A项表示主动和正在进行；
B项表示被动或完成；C项表示将来；D项表示将来的被动。根据 I was watching
the clock all through the meeting可知“我”要赶火车，同时，I与 catch之间是主
动关系，故选 C。
4. it easier to get in touch with us， you’d better keep this card at
hand.(2016·北京高考)
A.Made B.Make
C.Making D.To make
答案 D
解析 句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由
本句话的后半句可知，make的逻辑主语为 you，you与 make之间为逻辑上的主
谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，故选 D。
5. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst
mistakes you make.(2015·安徽高考)
A.Ignore B.Ignoring
C.Ignored D.Having ignored
答案 B
解析 句意：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从 will
be one of the worst mistakes you make来看，will的前面部分是主语，因此用 v.－
ing短语作主语。这里表达一般情况，因此不用完成式。
6. more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music
as an elective course.(2015·福建高考)
A.Learn B.Learned
C.To learn D.To be learning
答案 C
解析 句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。
逗号后面没有连词，可以判断此处应填非谓语动词，排除 A项；learn与其逻辑
主语 Jack之间是主动关系，排除 B项；此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
7. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very
early.(2015·北京高考)
A.Catching B.Caught
C.To catch D.Catch
答案 C
解析 句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。这
里逻辑主语是 we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。
故选 C。
8.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students what is bothering
them.(2015·湖南高考)
A.to talk over B.talked over
C.talk over D.having talked over
答案 A
解析 句意：有时我充当了我的同学们的听众的角色，与他们详聊正在困扰他们
的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语，故选 A。
9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on
all the people who had helped in her career.(2015·陕西高考)
A.to thank B.thanking
C.having thanked D.to have thanked
答案 A
解析 句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢所有
曾经在她的事业中帮助过她的人。go on to do sth继续做另一件事；go on doing sth
继续做同一件事。拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”，故
选 A。
10.Group activities will be organized after class children develop team
spirit.(2014·重庆高考)
A.helping B.having helped
C.helped D.to help
答案 D
解析 句意：(我们)将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养
团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的，故用动词不定式，选 D。
11.There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on
the Moon.(2014·北京高考)
A.solving B.solved
C.being solved D.to be solved
答案 D
解析 由 there are可知，设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰 problems，根据
时间状语从句可知，动作 solve发生在将来，故用不定式结构，而且 problems与
solve之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动结构。
12.When it comes to in public，no one can match him.(2014·江西高考)
A.speak B.speaking
C.being spoken D.be spoken
答案 B
解析 句意：当提及在公共场所发言时，没有人能比得上他。when it comes to...
当谈及/提及/涉及……时，其中的 to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词作宾语，
故排除 A、D两项。空格处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选 B项。
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Rather than argue(argue) without any result， I prefer to get(get) down to doing
something practical.
2.We wanted nothing but to appeal(appeal) to people to care more for the drop－out
students.
3.Though made to give(give) in to him，I insisted on making(make) my deskmate
promise not to disturb(disturb) me like that.
4.Who had you clean(clean) the windows once again?
5.We watched our friends disappear(disappear) into the darkness.
6.We had nothing else to do except wait(wait) for the result.
7.He didn’t experience such a thing，so he looked forward to getting(get) help from
me.
8.Much attention should be paid to securing(secure) our campus because the recent
accidents have led to some students getting(get) seriously injured，or even dying(die).
9.Why not get(get) your children to work(work) out regularly?
10.I can hardly stand hearing(hear) the piano being played(play) so badly.
Ⅰ.词形变换
1.Mr Smith，tired (tire) of the boring (bore) speech，started to read a novel.
2.He has a habit of making humorous (humor) remarks，so we all like him.
3.He may be slow but at least he is reliable (rely).
4.Determined(determine) to carry out the plan in time ， they will make careful
preparations.
5.He would rather stay poor than get money in a dishonest (honest) way.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.—My cousin would like to risk the weight－ loss pills rather than
in a gym.
—Really？She must be mad.
A.to take；work out B.to take；working out
C.taking；working out D.taking；work out
答案 D
解析 risk doing sth 冒险干某事；would like to do...rather than do...宁愿做……也
不愿……，为固定句式。故选 D。
2.The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy anything
that happened to be on.
A.to watch B.watching
C.watched D.to have watched
答案 A
解析 形容词＋动词不定式作原因状语，说明 happy的原因。
3.—Why was the young lady taken away by the police?
—She happened something in the supermarket.
A.to catch stealing B.to catch to steal
C.to be caught stealing D.to be caught to steal
答案 C
解析 主语 she与 catch之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式；catch sb doing sth
捉住某人正在干某事。根据语境可知选 C。
4.Generally speaking， to a university in the USA，foreign students need to
prove their ability in using English.
A.admitted B.admitting
C.to be admitted D.being admitted
答案 C
解析 admit与逻辑主语 foreign students之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式
作目的状语，选 C。
5.I you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no
offence.
A.owe B.make
C.win D.give
答案 A
解析 句意：我因今天上午说的话欠你一个道歉。无论如何，我没有冒犯之意。
owe 欠，归因于；make 制造；win 获胜，赢得；give 给。故选 A。
6.It’s dark and little Anne can’t find her way home.She really doesn’t
know .
A.when to leave B.what to do
C.whether to go D.which to choose
答案 B
解析 句意：天黑了，小安妮找不到回家的路。她真的不知道如何是好。what to
do相当于“what she will do”。故选 B。
7.I have to regret that I regretted his mother what he had done.
A.saying；to tell B.to say；telling
C.to say；told D.saying；told
答案 B
解析 regret to say...遗憾地说……； regret doing sth后悔做过某事。根据题意选
B。
8.I him to give up that foolish idea，but he said he wanted to have a try.
A.persuaded B.tried to persuade
C.managed to persuade D.succeeded in advising
答案 B
解析 persuade sb to do sth＝succeed in advising sb to do sth 成功说服某人做某
事；try to persuade sb to do sth试图劝说某人做某事(但不一定成功)。根据后一分
句可知没有说服他放弃那个愚蠢的想法，故选 B。
9.The workers in that factory are looking forward to their another chance to
work.
A.to be given B.being given
C.given D.giving
答案 B
解析 look forward to后接复合结构，to是介词，give 与 the workers 之间为动宾
关系，故用 v.－ing形式的被动语态，选 B项。
10.Will you be able to attend the lecture next week?
A.giving B.given
C.to be given D.being given
答案 C
解析 不定式作定语，表示发生在将来的动作；由于 lecture 与修饰词 give 之间
是动宾关系，故选 C。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Confucius said，“In a group of three people， there is always something I can
learn.Choose to follow the strengths of others，and use their shortcomings to reflect
upon ourselves.”
As you can see from what Confucius said，everyone that we come across can teach us
something useful.As long as we reflect on the lessons learnt from and by other
people，we can continuously improve ourselves.But take note that when you reflect on
these lessons，you apply some wisdom to each lesson because each situation is unique
although they share some common principles.
We can learn a lot from others.We always tend to think that we can only learn from
those who are higher in status or have more knowledge than us，but that is not really
the case.We can learn from those who are lower in status than us as well，because the
experience and knowledge of each person is very different.
The best thing about this type of learning，reflecting other people’s strengths and
shortcomings onto ourselves，is that we do not pay for the mistakes that are made.The
only cost to us is the time that is needed to learn about and reflect on these lessons
from other people’s lives.
As we all know，some mistakes can be ones which people cannot afford to make，for
instance，a broken friendship or a financial loss.Thus constantly using other people’s
strengths and shortcomings to reflect upon ourselves makes us realize the costs of
these mistakes and reduces the possibility that we will make similar mistakes.
What can we do now to learn from others？By keeping our eyes and ears open.Be
observant and able to realize what strengths and shortcomings other people have.A lot
of people in this world like to complain about their lives.Listen to them and make
your own assessment(评估) and from your own assessment，reflect upon your life and
make improvements where necessary.
【语篇解读】 面对别人的优缺点，我们应扬长避短。
1.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A.Confucius thought we should learn from others.
B.It is by reflecting on the lessons learnt by others that we can improve ourselves.
C.Only from those who have more knowledge than us can we learn.
D.Reflecting upon other people’s strengths and shortcomings can help us make fewer
mistakes.
答案 C
解析 正误判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，人无论地位的高低，知识经验的多
少都有我们学习的地方，所以 C项的描述是错误的。
2.The underlined part “this type of learning” in the fourth paragraph probably refers
to .
A.learning from other people’s mistakes
B.learning from others’ experiences
C.finding what strengths and shortcomings other people have
D.reflecting others’ strengths and shortcomings onto ourselves
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据画线部分后的“reflecting other people’s strengths and
shortcomings onto ourselves”可知选 D。
3.From the fifth paragraph，we learn that .
A.sometimes we can afford the costs of a broken friendship
B.our reflection will necessarily reduce our mistakes
C.some reflection will help to improve ourselves
D.reflection will stop us from making any mistakes in life
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，对于别人优缺点的反思会提高我们
自己。故选 C。
4.The passage is probably taken from .
A.a magazine about life B.a book about travel
C.an advertisement D.a research report
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。纵观全文，我们知道这是介绍生活的小品文。它有可能出现
在关于生活的杂志上。故选 A。
5.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.How to improve oneself.
B.How to use the shortcomings of others to reflect upon ourselves.
C.How to learn from other people’s strengths and shortcomings.
D.How to reduce the mistakes in one’s life.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文开头部分引用了孔子的话语，我们应对别人的优缺点进
行自我反思，从中学习，这样做可以减少我们在人生中的失误，因此 C项具有
概括性，点明了主旨。
B
The Blue Badge(徽章 )Program allows certain groups of disabled people to park in
parking restricted areas.For example，the Blue Badge enables disabled people to park
free of charge and without time limit at on－street parking meters(停车收费表).Some
London streets and other town centres don’t operate this program.You should check
whether the program operates before parking with your Blue Badge.There is an online
service called the Blue Badge parking map which can help you find Blue Badge
parking bays in 64 towns and cities across the UK.You can find the map at
www.direct.gov.uk/bluebadgemap.
You may be able to get a Blue Badge if you are a driver or passenger who：
·has a permanent and substantial disability which means you are unable to walk or
walk only with considerable difficulty;
·has very severe upper limb disabilities (drivers only);
·is a child under two who has a medical condition that requires them to be close to a
motor vehicle for emergency medical treatment or if they need to have huge medical
equipment transported with them.
To apply for a Blue Badge in England and Wales，contact your local social services
department.In Scotland，contact the chief executive or social work department of the
local authority ， and in Northern Ireland ， the Department for Regional
Development.There is a small fee.
If you have a Blue Badge you may be able to get parking concessions(减价 ) when
travelling in another country that also recognises the badge.However，each country
continues to determine its own set of parking concessions for which the badge can be
used.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文， 介绍了英国一个方便残疾人泊车的方案： Blue
Badge Program。
6.Who is most likely to get a Blue Badge?
A.A passenger who is blind in both eyes.
B.A driver who suffers from high blood pressure.
C.A driver whose hand is badly burnt.
D.A two－year－old child who has a cold.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。 根据“has very severe upper limb disabilities(drivers only)” 可
知，上肢残疾的司机可以得到蓝色徽章， 而手严重烧伤的司机极有可能属于这
一类。
7.With a Blue Badge，you can .
A.park your car in any place in London
B.park your car in the place where there is limitation on parking
C.you can get around in Europe without any restriction
D.use any facilities free in the amusement park
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“The Blue Badge(徽章)Program allows
certain groups of disabled people to park in parking restricted areas.” 可知，有了这
个蓝色徽章， 你可以在有停车限制的地方停车。
8.The Blue Badge Program is aimed at .
A.relieving the heavy traffic in the UK
B.promoting the car sale
C.helping some disabled people
D.raising the people’s awareness of road safety
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。 由全文介绍的内容可知，这个方案是帮助残疾人的。
9.The Blue Badge parking map can help you .
A.find where you can park your car in the UK with a Blue Badge
B.locate where you are driving now
C.better understand what the UK looks like
D.travel in the USA
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。 根据第一段中倒数第二句“There is an online service called
the Blue Badge parking map which can help you find Blue Badge parking bays in 64
towns and cities across the UK” 可知，这个地图能帮你找到在全英国可以用蓝色
徽章泊车的地方。
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