Module4 Grammar and Listening
一、基础知识积累
(一) 语态分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主
语是动作的承受者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分
词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在 be 的变化上，其形式与系动词 be 的变化形式完全一样。
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三) 被动语态常用的八种时态构成
时态 动词形式 例 句
一般现在时 is/am/are +过去分词 Rice is grown in the south of the states.
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The building of a new car factory was agreed on
last month.
一般将来时 will be +过去分词 Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.
过去将来时 would be +过去分词 The workers told me that the car would be
mended as soon as possible.
现在进行时 is/am/are +being+过去分词 The rooms are being painted.
过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词 Trees were being planted here this time last year.
现在完成时 has/have been +过去分词 The price has been brought down.
过去完成时 had been+过去分词 He had been considered to be a great leader.
二、知识巩固性训练
I 单项选择
1. In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
2. This is Tom’s phone. We miss him a lot .He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
3. --- Have you moved into the new house?
--- Not yet, the rooms______.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided
5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that 3out of 4 of the tickets ______.
A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked
6. Having a trip aboard is good for the old couple, but it remains ______whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
7. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
8. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
9. ---You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? --- Yes, but much ______.
A. remains to do B. is remained to do C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done
10. It ______ quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.
A. has turned out B. has been turned out C. is turning out D. is turned out
11. True patriotism（爱国主义）______ putting the interests of one country above everything, ______ one’s
life.
A. consists of; containing B. consists of; including C. consists in; including D. consisting; containing
12. ---Everybody in the city is very careful about beef, pork and mutton.
--- Of course, ______ they will be infected with foot and mouth disease.
A. If not B. If ever C. If possible D. If so
13. We Chinese people all feel proud that China has entered a new __ of prosperity.
A. time B. era C. year D. month
14. ---Will you go to the party? ---Of course I will if ______.
A. I was invited B. invited C. having invited D. I will be invited
15. No one likes ______.
A. to make fun of B. to have fun of C. to be made fun D. to be made fun of
16. Most of the family are musicians with gift, which runs ______.
A. in their blood B. in the bloods C. to their blood D. to the bloods
17. The composer has been dead for many years, but the interest in his music ______ recently.
A. has repeated B. has regained C. has revived D. has recovered
18. The medicine team ______ 6 groups are setting off on their journey to the flooded area next week.
A. making up of B. making up C. consisted of D. consisting of
19. ______ some of his fat, the middle-aged man decided to do morning exercises more.
A. Walking off B. Walking away C. To walk off D. To walk away
20. My mother has to wash a handful of pills ______ with a big glass of water.
A. up B. out C. down D. off
II 完成句子
1. The train _______ _______ _______ passengers. (火车上挤满了乘客)
2. I’ve _______ _______ _______ finished reading the book. (我差不多读完了这本书)
3. We Chinese _______ the Spring Festival _______ the beginning of a year. (我们中国人把春节看作
是一年的开始)
4. On June 1.children _______ _______ to celebrate their own festival. (六月一日，孩子们盛装打扮
起来庆祝自己的节日)
III 阅读理解
A
Many students trying to increase their effective reading speed become discouraged when they find
that if they try to race through a passage faster, they fail to take in what they have read. At the end, they
have so busily “read faster” that they cannot remember what the passage was about, while still many
other students complain to their teachers that they cannot read faster. That is because they move the first
finger along the line of print, pointing to each word, sometimes even to individual letters, saying the
word or letters to themselves in a low voice. Even though sometimes the learner makes no sound, his
lips may move to form the words. Sometimes there is not even any perceptible(可感知的) movement of
the mouth at all, but the learner is still activating his throat muscle slightly to say the words to himself.
The problems here are that material they are practicing on is either too difficult for them in
vocabulary or content, or not sufficiently interesting. However slight the extent of vocalizing may be it
will be impossible for a reader to reach a speed of more than about 280 wpm (words per minute). Any
books beyond your level of ability or any subjects unfamiliar to you will not attract your full interest.
If you want a quick check on how easy a book is, read through three or four passages without
purpose. If there are, on average, more than five or six words in each passage that are completely new to
you, then the book is not suitable for reading-speed improvement. You cannot achieve a permanent
improvement in your reading speed if most of the time you are practicing reading slowly.
1. What does the underlined word “activating” in Para.1 mean?
A. restraining(抑制) B. operating
C. acting D. feeling
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How to raise a good habit of reading
B. How to increase the reading speed
C. The way to the increase of reading speed
D. The obstacle(障碍) to the increase of reading speed.
3. According to (根据)the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. It is sometimes possible to see three words at once without moving your eyes.
B. Reading practice material should not be too hard
C. It is more important to read fast than to understand what is read
D. You should never read books that have five or six new words per page
4. If a reader wants to be a fast reader, he should _____.
A. start with reading familiar and easy books
B. pay particular attention to the way of reading rather than the content
C. read the passages familiar or unfamiliar with no pause at all
D. pay attention to the speed rather than the content of the books
B
Some businesses and apartment buildings are telling kids to go away. A device （设备）called the
Mosquito is being used in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New York to keep kids from gathering in big
groups and causing trouble.
The Mosquito makes a noise that only kids can hear. About 3000 Mosquito units have been fixed in
the United Kingdom. In the United States, managers of an apartment building in New York City recently
fixed one to keep noisy kids from taking over the building’s entrance-hall.
A children’s rights agency in England wants the device forbidden. The agency says the device unfairly
targets teens. Some also worry that the high sounds could hurt young ears. Fans of the Mosquito say it
keeps kids out of trouble and off private property.
“Mosquito devices violate (侵犯) the human rights of kids. The use of the devices is targeted at kids
because it considers all kids as troublemakers. The devices are also harmful because the noise could hurt
kids’ hearing. Besides violating our rights, the Mosquito is dangerous. It could hurt the ears and the hearing
of teens, babies and animals because they are more sensitive,” says California eighth grader Kelly Straky.
“It is not right to place the device in a public place. Teenagers have as much right to public places as adults.
I listened to the Mosquito sound, and it was extremely loud. It hurts not only your ears but also your whole
head. It isn’t just annoying; it’s painful. It should not be allowed.”
Fans of the Mosquito believe that property owners have a right to decide who can be on their property
and who cannot. Mosquito devices are a method of protecting private property and keeping the peace.
Property laws are put into place to protect the public.
“Yes, I do believe that the rights of teens should be valued, but we must always put ourselves in other
people’s shoes and see the other side. In this case, doing so allows people to understand the negative
effects, such as crime, that loitering (滞留) can have on an area or a community,” said Kayla Hill from
New York.
5. Who are probably fans of the Mosquito?
A. Teachers. B. Agents. C. Shop owners. D. Lawyers.
6. According to the passage, the Mosquito ___________.
A. is always disturbing the kids B. is a safety tool aimed at youths
C. is mostly purchased by the agency D. is a troublemaker intended for adults
7. We can learn from the passage that Kelly Straky ___________.
A. keeps a close eye on her private property
B. attaches importance to the rights of teens
C. hears the noise of the Mosquito frequently
D. believes many kids are causing annoying problems
8. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Kayla Hill suggests protecting teenagers’ hearing.
B. Kayla Hill puts himself in other people’s shoes.
C. Kayla Hill points out the negative effects of the Mosquito.
D. Kayla Hill stresses the need to fix the Mosquito.
C
Culture determines what kind of thinking is important and what kind is not so important. Learners use the
language, tools, and practice of their culture to learn concepts. Although students have their individual
learning styles, their learning styles are often combined with cultural values. For example, Navajo (North
American Indians living in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah) children often learn first by observing and
listening. Then, when ready, they continue learning on their own in cooperation with and under the
supervision of an adult. In this way, the children learn all the skills they need. Navajo children speak very
little during this process. In contrast, many African-American children learn effectively by acting and
performing, they like classroom activities such as oral presentations, role-plays, and dramatic
performances. Lots of talking is useful for these students. Another ways of learning is through reading and
writing. Asian students generally need writing to support their learning, and therefore do well in classes
where there is lots of writing. It is common to see Japanese students pay special attention to the spelling of
words they have learned. They are more comfortable seeing new materials than hearing them. Koreans are
believed to be the most visual (can be seen) learners. So,
although learning styles greatly determine how a person takes in new materials, one’s culture also
influences how he learns.
9. The passage mainly tells us about______.
A. the different culture style
B. the importance of learning styles
C. how to teach children from different cultures
D. cultural influence upon learning style
10. According to the passage, teachers should design some games for ____children.
A. American black B. American Indian C. Chinese D. Japanese
11. The underlined part “In contrast” in this passage means ______.
A. Therefore B. Besides C. Instead D. Similarly
Grammar and Listening 参考答案
I．.单项选择
BCADB BCACA CABBD ACDCC
II．完成句子
1. was crowded with 2. more or less 3.see…as 4.dress up
III.阅读理解
BDBA CBBD DAC
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