非谓语动词讲解
Nonfinite Verbs
1.谓语动词：
概述：
2. 非谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词
是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以
作除谓语外的其他成分
非
谓
语
动
词
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
动词不定式
非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？
非谓
语动词
主动式 被动式
一般式 完成式 一般式 完成式
动词不
定式
to do to have
done
to be done to have
been done
ing 形式 doing having
done
being done having
been done
过去分
词
done
及物动词的过去分词既表示
被动又表示动作已完成, 个
别动词的过去分词只表示完
成(多数为不及物动词)
不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有___进行时__
非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 宾补 主补 定语 状语 表语
不定式
-ing分词
过去分词
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 宾补 主补 定语 状语 表语
不定式
v-ing形式
过去分词
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TASK 1
分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：
现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表
示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表
示的动作之后即将发生的动作。
如何区分动名词和现在分词
What is + n. + for ?
eg. a reading room
----What is the room for ?
The room is for reading .
能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式作状语表目的，原因，结果。现
在分词作状语与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的
主动关系，而过去分词作状语与句子主语之
间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。作什么样的状语
往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。
TASK 2
分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语
一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，
分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语
从句。
1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.
2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
Everything taken into consideration, they believed
themselves more and returned to their positions.
F
T
T
(True or false)
现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自
然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语
时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果
不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语
3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以
跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别
4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟
动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别
1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语
TASK 3
1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：
…… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer,
agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，
want(想要) ,refuse等。
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：
……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse,
forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,
fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow,
stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set
about, get down to, object to, succeed in,
have difficulty in...
3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate,
prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词
作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一
般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的
行为)。
I like __________ very much, but I don't
like _________ this afternoon.
A. swimming, swimming
B. to swim, to swim
C. swimming, to swim
D. to swim, swimming
C
4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动
名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。
讨论：有哪些单词或短语？
go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing
can’t help to do / doing
be used to do / doing
( get used to doing)
(used to do)
it作形式宾语
I find/feel to work with him interesting ．
I find/feel it interesting to work with him．
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往
把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。
Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it
+adj/n + to do sth.
1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.
2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go?
3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.
4.We think __ important __ obey the law.
5.I know __ impossible __ finish so much
homework in a day.
TASK 4
现在分词作宾补，一是宾语与现在分词有
主谓关系，二是现在分词表动作正在进行。
及物动词过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关
系，不及物动词过去分词作宾补与宾语有
主谓关系，多表示动作已结束。不定式作
宾补表动作已结束。
3.由There being +主语
这种结构多表示原因。例如：
There being a lot of books to read, he often
studied till midnight.
因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。
Thanks a lot!
（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式
1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need)
My wish is to be a scientist.
The main thing is to keep our room clean.
2). be to do可构成将来时态,表 “准备/打算/计划/需
要”;
She is to return next week.
It was about to leave when it started to rain.
不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介
词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式
不带to，否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
(4)作定语
不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：
I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read.
She was the first person to think of the idea.
They made a plan to study English .
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.
不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介
词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式
不带to，否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
(4)作定语
不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：
I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read.
She was the first person to think of the idea.
They made a plan to study English .
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.
1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so
as/so…as to表强调.
He went to see the artist himself.
He stopped to have a look.
He ran so fast as to get to school in time
2). 结果状语:主要用在enough to/too…to…/only to结构中。
The question is too difficult to answer.
They worked hard enough to finish their work.
3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to do
表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry,
anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.
I’m very sorry to see you.
He was afraid to leave him home
动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，
但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。
语态时态 主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态
一般时 to make to be made
进行时 to be making
完成时 to have
made
to have been made
完成进行时 to have been
making
When I got home, my son happened to be watching TV.
如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。
She is said to have read thirty novels this year.
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long．
After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the
countryside.
This novel is said to have been translated into
French.
选出下面习题正确答案
1 -I’m hungry, and I want to eat the cake.
-What! it is not good_______
A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D.at eating
2 It’s important_____ and helpful.
A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D.to be kind
3.It took Alice and me an hour ______out the problem.
A. to work B. working C.work D.for working.
4.I found it very important ______ English well.
A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned
5.It’s very nice _____you to ______me about it.
A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell
怎样区分动名词和现在分词
My job is teaching.
换位法
Her job is getting everything in order in the office
The play is exciting.
≠ Exciting is the play
The story he told us was very interesting
≠Interesting was the story he told us.
作表语
作定语 ⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine
＝ a machine for washing
四.动名词的时态和语态
1. 完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动
作之前发生。例如
I regret not having taken your advice.
He didin’t mention having met you before
2. 被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对
象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：
She didn’t mind being called a housewife
找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）
1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work,
thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.
2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has
already been crowded with reporters.
3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the
climbers cheered against the fierce north wind.
4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more
than 200 by now.
5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
状语
定语
状语
宾语
(宾语)补语
定语
3）作表语: S. + be + doing
My job is teaching you English.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
My greatest happiness is serving the people.
4）作定语: S. + v. + doing + n.
Does he work in the reading-room?
Our teacher uses a very good
teaching method.
His grandfather has a bamboo
walking stick.
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