Unit 5
Grammar
Ellipsis
为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中
某些成分有时可以省略。省略
可分为以下几种情况：
Grammar – Ellipsis (省略）
1) (You) Come in, please.
2) (I) See you tomorrow.
3) (I) Thank you for your help.
4) (I) Beg your pardon.
简单句中的省
略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被
省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少
数现成的说法。
1) (It) Sounds a good idea.
2) (Will you) Have a smoke?
3) (Would you like) Something to drink?
4) (You come) This way, please.
2. 省略主语或谓语的一部
分
3. 省略宾语
--- Do you know Miss Hu?
--- I don’t know (her).
可以省略宾语的全部;
Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter
hates (dancing).
1) Don’t touch anything unless the
teacher tells you to (touch).
2) --- Are you a teacher?
--- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
3) --- He hasn’t finished the task.
--- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保
留to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或完成
形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。
1) --- Are you thirsty?
--- Yes, I am (thirsty).
2) His brother isn’t lazy.
Nor is his sister (lazy).
4. 省略表语
1) --- Are you feeling better now?
--- (I’m feeling) Better (now).
2) --- When did you read the novel?
--- (I read it) Long ago.
3) Let’s meet at the school gate as the
same as (we met) yesterday.
5. 同时省略几个句子成分
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前
一分句中相同的部分。
1) My father is a doctor and my mother
(is) a nurse.
2) I study at college and my sister (studies)
at high school.
3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his
mother was (at home).
并列句中的省略
1) (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.
2) (It’s a) Pity that you missed such a
good chance.
主从复合句中的省略
1. 主句中有主语和谓语被省略
They do not visit their parents as much
as they ought to (visit their parents).
The sooner (you do it), the better (it
will be).
2. 省略从句中与主句相同的部分
3. 主句与从句各有一些成分被省略
1. that的省略
(1) 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语
从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
He said (that) the text was very important
and that we should learn it by heart.
(2) 在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省
略。
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday
was hers.
其他省略
2. 在某些状语从句中, 当从句的主语
与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it,
且从句谓语部分有be动词时, 可省去
“主语+be”部分。
1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he
had to work day and night.
2) As (he was) a child, he lived in India.
3) If (you are) asked you may come in.
4) Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.
3. 不定式符号to的省略
(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and wait for a
moment.
(2) help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾
补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it.
(3) 介词but前若有动词do, 后面不定式不
带to。The boy did nothing but play.
(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及
感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice,
observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面
作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,
但在被动语态中须将to复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(5) 主语从句中有动词do, 后面作表语
的不定式的to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) wait.
4. 条件从句中有should, were或had时,
可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had
提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t
have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t
have got over the difficulties.
If I had had time, I would have run round
that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round
that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we
do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.
2. Some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Would you like some more tea?
That/It sounds like a good idea.
Quiz I: Find out what have been
left out.
4. Doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that.
It doesn’t matter.
I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
7. This way, please.
It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.
Step / Come this way, please.
8. Terrible weather!
9. Joining us for a drink?
10. Going to the supermarket?
What terrible weather it is!
Are you joining us for a drink?
Are you going to the supermarket?
1. 我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。
My brother smokes, but I don’t
(smoke).
Quiz III: Translation
2. 一旦出版，这部小说将成为今年的畅
销书之一。
When published, the novel will
become one of the best sellers of the
year.
3. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱
好者。
He was a lover of sports as he had been
in his youth.
4. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。
He spent part of the money, and the
rest he saved.
5. 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
I like him more than her.
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