INSIGHT INTO SENTENCES （1）
【原句 1】 It’s rude not to open a present when someone gives you one. We like to
see how the person reacts. We think it’s strange not to open it! (P34)
【译文】别人送给你礼物，你不当面打开就失礼了。我们喜欢看对方的反应。不
打开礼物，我们倒觉得奇怪。
【解读】
1. 不定代词 one 替代的是前面的名词或名词短语所表示的同类事物中的一个，
且只能替代可数名词（如划线处的 one 替代 a present）。如：
I haven’t got a pen. Can you lend me one?
—Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have one?
The clean towels are in the drawer — if you need one.
注意：当 one 带有修饰语时，要带冠词。如：
They are selling their house to move to a smaller one.
I’m only using this radio until I can buy a better one.
2. 人称代词 it 指物时，是明确地指上文所提到的那个事物，即 it=前面出现的名
词或名词短语所表达的那个事物（如划线处的 it 指代 the present）。如：
The argument was upsetting for us all — I don’t want to talk about it.
—Did you see the snake?
—Yes, I saw it.
【小试牛刀】用 one 或 it 填空。
1. There have been a lot of accidents in the fog. I read about _____ this morning.
2. I’ve received no replies to my job applications — not a single _____.
3. I have lost my umbrella; I’m looking for _____.
4. I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy _____.
5. Our car’s always breaking down, but we’re getting a new _____ soon.
6. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to
buy _____.
7. —Do you need my pen?
—No, thanks. I have got _____.
8. —Have you found the pen you lost yesterday?
—Yes. I have found _____.
9. Do not start a book unless you can see from the first few pages that it is _____ you
can easily read and understand.
10. —I wonder if I can use your camera.
—I don’t have _____. But my roommate does. He bought _____ last month.
【原句 2】
And you probably wouldn’t get much sleep if you lived near where a wedding
reception was being held. (P34)
【译文】如果你住在婚礼举办地附近，你很可能睡不成觉。
【解读】划线处的 where 是个缩合型的连接副词或省略了中心词的关系副词，相
当于 the place where，即 where 从句相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句，叫做名
词性定语从句。如：
That’s where she was born.
West Lake is where we spend our summers.
Where she went was New York.
【拓展】 类似的可引导名词性定语从句的关系副词还有 when 和 why，分别相
当于 the time when 和 the reason why。如：
2015 was when my son was born.
That’s why I came early.
【小试牛刀】用 where, when 或者 why 填空。
1. Autumn is _____ the countryside is the most beautiful.
2. This is _____ the waters of Amazon flow out into the sea.
3. I remember _____ this used to be a quiet village.
4. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that _____ you had a few days off?
5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I agree.
6. Considering _____ these paintings were done, they are in excellent condition.
7. The car stopped short only a few inches from _____ I stood.
8. His experiences in his life can account for _____ he is always ready to help others.
9. Sunday is _____ very few people go to work.
10. Lily, I have to tell you that I’m really busy at the moment. This is _____ I cannot
go to the movies with you.
【原句 3】
However, in America there are large public fireworks shows on Independence Day to
ensure that everyone will be satisfied, while in Britain if personal fireworks are not
permitted people will just do without. (P37)
【译文】但是，在美国独立日会有大型烟花汇演以确保人人都得到满足，而在英
国，如果不可以私自燃放烟火，那没有烟火也行。
【解读】do without 意为“没有……也行”。如：
I don’t have any sugar so you’ll have to do without.
If they can’t get it to us in time, we’ll just have to do without.
【小试牛刀】英汉互译。
1. I can’t afford to buy her new tennis shoes, so I’m afraid she’ll just have to do
without.
_________________________________________
2. There are some things in life that I just can’t do without.
_________________________________________
3. 我们要是买不起汽车, 也就只好不用汽车了。
_________________________________________
4. 手机变得如此重要，我们没有它可不行。
_________________________________________
参考答案
【原句 1】
1. one 2. one 3. it 4. one 5. one 6. it 7. one 8. it 9. one 10. one; it
【原句 2】
1. when 2. where 3. when 4. why 5. where
6. when 7. where 8. why 9. when 10. why
【原句 3】
1. 我买不起新的运动鞋给她，所以恐怕她只能将就了。
2. 人生中有些东西对我来说没有不行。
3. If we can’t afford a car, we’ll just have to do without.
4. The smart phone has become so important that it’s now something we can’t do
without.
INSIGHT INTO SENTENCES （2）
【原句 1】
If you do not eat meat, this tour is not for you, as the Inuit eat mostly seal, deer, whale
meat and fish. (P46)
【译文】如果你不吃肉，那本次旅行就不适合你了，因为因纽特人的主食就是海
豹肉、鹿肉、鲸鱼肉和鱼肉。
【解读】
句中的 as 作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为，由于”。如：
She may need some help as she is new.
As you weren’t there, I left a message.
【联想】
as 作连词时，还可以引导以下状语从句：
1. 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时，在……的同时”。如：
As Mary grew older she gained in confidence.
A look of surprise came into Albert’s eyes as he read the message.
2. 引导方式状语从句，表示“以……的方式，如同……那样”。如：
Leave the papers as they are.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
3. 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，此时句子需用倒装结构。如：
Happy as they were, there was something missing.
Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.
【小试牛刀】汉译英。
1. 我虽然还小, 可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。
___________________________________________________________________
2. 天气很糟，因此我们只能将户外烧烤延期。
___________________________________________________________________
3. 他年纪越来越大, 除了喜欢园艺以外, 对一切都失去了兴趣。
___________________________________________________________________
4. 你怎么没听我的话去乘末班公共汽车呢?
___________________________________________________________________
【原句 2】
You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the
dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.(P46)
【译文】你将有机会参加其中一个这样的大型聚会活动，和他们一起跳舞，聆听
他们的传统英雄故事，还可以参与游戏。
【解读】
句中的 account 作名词，表示“描述，叙述”。如：
The diaries contained detailed accounts of the writer’s experience in India.
【拓展】
1. account 作名词时，还可表示“解释，说明；账目，账单；账户，户头”，常用
短语 on account of 表示“因为，由于”。如：
No satisfactory account was given of these situations.
The accounts show a profit of $9,000.
Will you pay cash or shall I charge it to your account?
On account of his youth, he was not allowed to take the senior course.
2. account 还可作动词，表示“把……视作，认为”，常用短语 account for 可表示
“报账；作出解释；导致，引起”。如：
In English law a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.
He has to account to the chairman for all the money he spends.
How do you account for all the accidents in series?
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
【小试牛刀】英译汉。
1. John gave us a detailed account of his plan.
___________________________________________________________________
2. Too much rain accounted for the poor crop.
___________________________________________________________________
3. The accounts show they have spent more than they received.
___________________________________________________________________
4. The boy could not account for his absence from school.
___________________________________________________________________
5. The old man gave the police a full account of the incident.
___________________________________________________________________
6. The sporting event was accounted a success.
___________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【原句 1】
1. Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
2. As the weather is so bad, we have to put off the barbecue.
3. As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
4. Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
【原句 2】
1. 约翰向我们详细说明了他的计划。
2. 雨水过多导致庄稼歉收。
3. 账目显示他们的支出比收入多。
4. 男孩无法对他的旷课作出解释。
5. 老人向警方完整描述了那件事。
6. 人们认为这场体育赛事是成功的。
微信/支付宝扫码支付