高中英语语法-主谓一致讲解

1 1 高中英语：主谓一致 一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。 二、原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。 语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。 e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other. 不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。 1. 由 and 连接的两个名词或代词做主语： ①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家 ②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 ③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were （1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： ① My brother and I have both seen that film. ② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. ③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting. （2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例： ① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. ② War and peace is a constant theme in history. ③ One more knife and fork is needed. ④Bread and butter is our daily food. ⑤ Law and order has been established. （3）这部分主语前面有 each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句： ① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. ② No sound and no voice is heard. ③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. ④ Every minute and every second is precious. （4）由 and 连接的两个 what 从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。 What he says and does do not agree。 What he says and does does not concern me。 2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： ① Reading is a great pleasure in life. ② To live means to create. ③ That we need more time is obvious. ④ What is needed is food and medicine. 3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： ① Three thousand miles is a long distance. ② Eight hours of sleep is enough. ③ Ten dollars is enough for him. ④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried 2 2 4. 不定代词 anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等 做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： ① Is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② Someone wants to see you. ③Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5.倒装句中的语法一致 ①Two pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people. ②On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people. ③Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties. ④Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties. 就近原则 1、由连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离 它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句： ①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. ②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies. ③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. ④. George or Tom is wanted. He or his brothers were to blame。 Was he or his brothers to blame？ 2、注意：There be 句型中 be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句： ①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today. ②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. ③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 3、名词后面带有 with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than 短语 共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句： ①. All but one were here just now. ②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. ③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. ④. You as well as I are wrong. 意义一致 1. 集合名词 group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew 等名词 等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句 The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers. His family _______very large. His family _______music lovers. The group ____ made up of nine students. The group____ dancing happily 注意：集合名词 cattle, clothes, people, the police 表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可 数名词，peoples) 2. 主语是单复数同形的名词 deer, sheep, fish 鱼,series 系列, species 物种, means 手段, works 工厂, aircraft 飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。 Eg: 1.) A new means has been used . 2.) Many means have not come into effect. 3. 由两部分构成的物体的名称，如 trousers，pants，jeans，scissors， glasses， shoes 等作主语时，谓语动 3 3 词要用复数。但如果这类名此前用了 a pair of 来修饰，则取决于 pair 的单复。 The scissors don’t cut well。 I bought the pair of shoes yesterday。 It was yellow。 4.the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如 the old, the young, the rich, the poor 等 the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如 the beautiful, the good 等。如， ⑴ The old ____ taken good care of in our society. ⑵ The rich ____ for the decision but the poor are against it. ⑶ The wounded ____ a young boy. ⑷ The beautiful _____not always the same as the good. ⑸ The new______ sure to replace the old. 5、代词作主语 All hope has gone. All are agreed on this point. Neither dog _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither rabbit _____ handsome. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of the rabbits _____ handsome.. ( A. is B. are ) （neither + 单数名词 → 谓语动词用单数； none／neither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数； none of+不可数名词 →谓语动词用单数） 1）.None of these people ___ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2）Neither of them ___ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be 3）.Neither of us ________ (was/were) ready when the party began. 4）. None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show. 6、限定词短语 all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语 时，谓语动词的形式由 of 后面的名词形式决定。例句： （1）None of these suggestions are very helpful. （2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow. （3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries. A kind of ，a pair of ， a series of 作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 A pair of shoes was on the bed。 A number of ，a variety of ， a group of 作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 A quantity of Quantities of An amount of Amounts of 难点突破 1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题 时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时 4 4 态和语态。 2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of + 复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： Jim was one of the boys who were late for class. Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class. 【典型例题】 [例 1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 分析：带有 as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受 as well as 短 语内容的影响。E-mail 是单数形式，故选择 A。 [例 2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results. A. are B. is C. was D. has been 分析：either…or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中 his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择 A。 [例 3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people. A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted 分析：根据句意，主语部分的 The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以 主语的内容是单数形式，故选择 B。 [例 4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam. —But the colour _____ me. A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit 分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语 用单数，故选择 D。 [例 5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house. A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was 分析：family 指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的 which 指“家庭” 谓 语用 was. 第二空格后的 fond of 指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为 were，故选择 B。 [例 6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当 one 之 前有 the only 时， 定语从句则强调 the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语 for three years 表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择 D。 [例 7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town. A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained 分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决 定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与 train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择 D。 短文改错片段： 1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 分析：本句中主语 Now my picture and the prize 是复数形式，谓语动词 is 应改为 are. 2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词 talked 改为 talk.第二行： 根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger 应当与主语 we 一致，改为复数形式，strangers. 3. But not all information are good to society. 5 5 分析：主语 information 是不可数名词，are 应改为 is 【模拟试题】 1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone 2. —Are these your sheep ?—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill. A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding 3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes. A. was B. are C. were D. there was 4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week. A. are B. is C. will be D. would be 5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited. A. is B. has C. are D. have 6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were 7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is