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2019年中考英语一轮练（7）（阅读理解+短文改错）
(限时:30分钟)
A
阅读下列短 文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
After graduating from middle school, many students grow very fast, especially boys. And the teachers have to look up at their faces to show love for them. Why do they grow so fast?
Height is just one of the thousands of features your genes(基因) decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then perhaps you will be tall, too, but if you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out.
But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential(潜力). Getting enough sleep and exercise will help you grow to the right height.
No doubt you’re wondering how fast you should grow. It depends. There’s no perfect or right answer. Kids grow about 5 cm a year between age 3 and the time when they start puberty(when your body starts changing and becoming more grown up.)
Don’t be scared if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a growth spurt(高峰) during puberty. The age for starting puberty is bout 10 for girls and 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later between 7 and 13 for girls and 9 and 15 for boys.
You’ll usually begin to notice that you’re growing faster about a year or so after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.
( )1.What does the underlined word “puberty” mean in Chinese?
A. 童年时代 B. 婴幼儿时期 C. 青春期
( )2. If you want to know how fast and how tall you should grow, ________.
A. you should have enough exercise
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B. you should ask doctors for help.
C. you can record your growth during puberty.
( )3. Girls’ growth spurt can be __________.
A. 14 B. 13 C. 9
( )4. Which is true according to the passage?
A. Girls’ age for starting puberty is usually later than that of boys’
B. You height never depends on genes.
C. Everyone has a growth spurt during puberty.
( )5. The the passage is mainly about_____.
A. height B. weight C. genes
参考答案1—5、CBBCA
B
Last month, on Oct. 15, there was a marathon(马拉松赛) in the city of Luoyang, Henan Province. A lot of people in and around the city took part in it.
It was Sunday. There were some clouds in the sky in the early morning but the sun was shining when the race began. Eighteen boys and girls in my class, as well as four of my teachers, gathered on the south side of Luohe River to take part in the marathon. It was the first time that we had been in a marathon. We were excited and had fun running with people. We had to run 10 km. It was not a race, but an event to challenge ourselves. We helped each other during the run. When someone fell behind, others would go to encourage him or her not to give up. Tired but happy, all of us made it in about 90 minutes.
The marathon is like life, in which we can choose whether or not to keep going when we feel tired or meet difficulties. The biggest enemy(敌人) is ourselves, whom we should fight with and defeat(打败). We never know what will happen in the future, but what we can do is to try our best. If we can keep running, success will belong to us, because it's impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.
Challenges make life interesting and meaningful. This very first marathon will always be remembered as an unforgettable event in my life.
1. How many people took part in the race in our school?
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A.Four. B.Fourteen. C.Eighteen. D.Twenty-two.
2. During the race, we .
A.encouraged each other B.stopped to have a rest
C.never noticed each other D.wanted to defeat others
3. In the writer's opinion, we .
A.should fight with and defeat the others during the race
B.must try our best to do everything
C.can defeat a person who never gives up
D.don't feel tired or meet difficulties in the marathon
4.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A.We should face challenges bravely and defeat ourselves.
B.Life is meaningful and we should value it.
C.Smile to all the challenges in our lives.
D.Remember all the wonderful experiences happening in our lives.
参考答案：
[主旨大意] 作者首次参加马拉松赛,十分激动。老师和同学们相互鼓励,绝不放弃,最终完成了比赛。通过此次马拉松赛,作者认识到人生最大的敌人是自己,应该勇敢地面对生活中的挑战,永不言弃。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Eighteen boys and girls in my class, as well as four of my teachers, gathered on the south side of Luohe River to take part in the marathon.”可知,作者所在学校参加马拉松赛的学生有18人,教师4人,共计22人,故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“When someone fell behind, others would go to encourage him or her not to give up.”可知,在比赛中老师和同学们相互鼓励,谁也没有放弃,故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“We never know what will happen in the future, but what we can do is to try our best.”及上文可推知,作者认为最大的敌人是自己,我们应该战胜自己,尽最大努力做好每件事,故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者通过参加马拉松赛的经历告诉我们:人生最大的敌人是自己,应该勇敢地面对生活中的挑战,战胜自己,永不言弃,故选A。
C
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话题
体裁
词数
难度
建议用时
人生经历
记叙文
252
★★★
6分钟
What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful because we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and (A)挣钱多. This is only one aspect(方面) of our lives though. We also work very hard.
I played a country girl in my last (B)movie. I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. (C)It was really hard for me, as I grew up in a city. To help me play a country girl better, I cooked for myself and the others every day. I even walked a few miles sometimes to get water, as there was none in the houses. I wanted to understand how a real village girl lived. I thought it was fun at first. I felt different after a week or two, though.
I did wear some beautiful traditional clothes, but they were not warm enough. I was very cold but I had to keep smiling all the time! One day, I couldn’t do it any longer and I suddenly (D) started crying, “Great! ” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings! ” I called my mum to tell (E) her about it but my mobile phone (手机) wouldn’t work in the village.
I think it is worth(值得) doing all this, though. I like it when people tell me they enjoy my plays and ask me to sign a picture. It is also fun to be someone else for a while. I’m very lucky to be an actor.
1. 将文中画线部分(A)译成英语: _____________________
2. 写出文中画线部分(B)和(D)的同义词或近义词: _______
3. 将文中画线部分(C)改写为:
It was really hard for me _______ I was a city _______.
4. 文中画线部分(E)指代的是: _____________________
5. 从文中找出有关赞美方面的两个形容词: _______
参考答案：
1. make a lot of money 2. film; began
3. because; girl 4. my mum 5. beautiful; wonderful
D
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“You have saved my horse,” Queen Olivia told the young boy standing before her. “Now you shall get a gift for what you did.” Peter nervously ran his finger through his brown hair. That day when he was working in the field, the shocked horse ran past him. Without thinking, he rushed out and controlled it. He didn't know it was the Queen's horse and never expected to get a gift. But he still felt happy for getting one.
Two of the queen's men appeared. One carried a mirror. Red jewels(珠宝) shone on top of the mirror's silver frame(框架). The other carried a wooden cage with a chicken inside it.
“Only one gift can be yours,” the queen said. “Choose wisely.” “That's easy,” Peter said. “I'll take the chicken.” Some of the queen's men laughed. It was clear that they thought he had made a foolish choice.
“And why did you choose the chicken?” the queen asked. “Well, I don't know much about jewels,” Peter answered. “But I do know about chickens. The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while.”
Queen Olivia smiled. “Then you did make a wise choice,” she said. “That mirror may look beautiful. But the jewels you see are only coloured glass, and the frame is painted silver. The chicken is much more valuable.” Peter took the chicken and bowed. “Thank you, your majesty.”
“You are a smart child,” the queen added. “ I could use a smart boy to help take care of my horses. Would you like to take the job?”Peter smiled.“Thank you very much!” he said excitedly. A job at the castle paid well. Now his family wouldn't worry their food any more—all because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice!
1.The Queen gave Peter a gift because .
A.he saved her horse B.he was smart
C.she liked him D.he was poor
2.From Para. 3-5, we can know that .
A.it was difficult for Peter to make the choice
B.all the men thought Peter's decision was right
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C.Peter thought the chicken would be useful to his family
D.Peter knew the jewels weren't real before he made the choice
3.The right order of Peter's story is .
A.Peter got a well-paid job.
B.Peter chose the gift wisely.
C.Peter could get a gift for what he did.
D.Peter would help his family have a better life.
A.d c b a B.c b a d
C.c b d a D.c a d b
4.After reading the passage, we can infer(推断) that .
A.Peter only thought of himself
B.Peter couldn't take good care of the Queen's horses
C.chickens became the popular gifts in their country
D.it was wise of Peter to choose something that he knew well
参考答案：
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩彼得无意中制服了Olivia的一匹受惊吓的马,女王为表示感谢,让彼得从珠宝和一只小鸡这两件礼物中选择其一,彼得出人意料地选择了小鸡,他对自己选择所做的解释,让女王很满意,她让彼得替自己看护皇宫里所有的马,从此彼得一家过上了幸福的生活。文章告诉我们:不要被金钱等表面华丽的东西所迷惑,守住真诚的初心,做出人生正确的选择很重要。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的开头可知:女王是因为彼得制服、拯救了她的马,才决定要送给他礼物的。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。A项“彼得很难做出选择”,由第三段中的“That's easy”可知A项不对;根据第三段最后一句“It was clear that they thought he had made a foolish choice.”可知B项“所有的人都认为彼得的决定是正确的”不对;根据第四段中的“The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while.”可知C项说法“彼得认为小鸡对他的家人来说是有用的”正确;根据第四段中的“I don't know much about jewels”可知D项说法“在彼得做出决定之前,他知道珠宝不是真的”错误。故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。a.彼得得到了一份收入高的工作;b. 彼得机智地选择礼物;c. 彼得为他的行为可以得到一份礼物;d. 彼得可以帮助他的家人过上更好的生活。通读全文可知:
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正确的顺序应该是:c b a d。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。由第四段中的“The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while.”可知A项说法“彼得只考虑他自己”不对;根据最后一段可知:彼得痛快答应女王让他看管马这一职务,以及他的收入很高,说明B项说法“彼得不能看管好女王的马”不对;通读全文可知C项说法“在他们国家小鸡成为受欢迎的礼物”并未提到,故该说法是错误的;根据最后一段最后一句“all because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice”可知D项说法“彼得选择他自己所熟知的东西,实在是明智之举”正确。故选D。
二、短文改错。
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断，每一行均有一处错误。请按下列情况进行改正。此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，也并用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
At 3:42 am something began to shake. It seemed that 1. __________
the world was in an end! Eleven kilometers directly below 2. __________
the city, the greatest earthquake of the 20th century begin. 3. __________
It was heard in Beijing where is one hundred kilometers 4. __________
away. One third of the nation felt. A huge crack that was 5. __________
eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut cross 6. __________
houses, roads and canals. Steam burst into from holes in the 7. __________
ground. Hard hills of rocks become rivers of dirt. In 8. __________
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fifteen seconds a large city lain in ruin（废墟）. Two thirds of 9. __________
people died of or injured during the earthquake. 10. __________
参考答案
1. something改 everything 2.in改at 3. begin 改began
4. where改which/that 5. felt后加 it 6.cross改across
7.burst into去掉 into 8. become改became
9. lain改lay 10.died of 去掉 of
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