安徽专版
新课标(
RJ
)
语法专题(一) 名词
PART TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
(
1
)不可数名词的量化表达。(
2
)可数名词变复数。
(
3
)名词所有格。
考点一 不可数名词
1.
概述
不可数名词
:
不能直接用数字计数的名词
,
分为
(表示构成世上万物的物质或材料的名称的词
,
如
water, wood, milk
等)和
(表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词
,
如
fun, happiness, health
等)。不可数名词通常无复数形式
,
也不能用
a/an
或数词修饰。必须要记住的不可数名词
:
类别
例词
液体类
water, milk, rain
食物类
fish, beef, pork, mutton, rice, salt, sugar, porridge, bread
语言类
Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German, Russian
材料类
paper, glass, grass, bamboo, cotton, silk, wool, wood, hair
其他类
snow, ice, sunshine, news, music, weather,money,homework,housework, teamwork, information, rubbish
(
waste
)
, light
物质名词
抽象名词
2.
不可数名词的量化表达
(
1
)借助
some, much, little, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
等来表示。如
:much water, some orange juice, a little milk
(
2
)借助容器来表示。如
:
一杯咖啡
,
十袋米
(
3
)借助计量单位来表示。如
:
一张纸
,
一片面包
a cup of coffee
ten bags of rice
a piece of paper
a slice of bread
3.
既可数又不可数的名词
词条
作可数名词含义
作不可数名词含义
chicken
鸡
鸡肉
room
房间
空间
fish
鱼
鱼肉
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
paper
试卷
;
报纸
纸张
time
次数
时间
work
作品
工作
experience
经历
经验
light
电灯
光
,
光线
exercise
习题
锻炼
,
运动
orange
橙子
橙汁
radio
收音机
无线电传送
tea
一杯茶
茶
考点二 可数名词
1.
名词变复数的规则变化
分类
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加
-s
map
→
maps
bag
→
bags
year
→
years
以
s, x, sh, ch
等结尾的词
加
-es
bus
→
buses
box
→
boxes
wish
→
wishes
beach
→
beaches
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的词
变
y
为
i,
再加
-es
story
→
stories
family
→
families
party
→
parties
以“辅音字母
+o
”结尾的词
无生命的加
-s,
有生命的加
-es
photo
→
photos
tomato
→
tomatoes
potato
→
potatoes
hero
→
heroes
以
f
或
fe
结尾的词
多数变
f
或
fe
为
ve,
再加
-s
knife
→
knives
leaf
→
leaves
shelf
→
shelves
thief
→
thieves
2.
名词变复数的不规则变化
规则
例词
改变单数名词
中的元音字母
foot
→
feet, tooth
→
teeth, man
→
men,
woman
→
women, policeman
→
policemen, policewoman
→
policewomen,
Englishman
→
Englishmen
单复数同形
Japanese, sheep, Chinese, deer
只有复数形式
trousers, glasses
(眼镜)
, pants, scissors
特殊
mouse
→
mice, child
→
children
【巧学妙记】
各国人变复数
:
中日不变英法变
,
其余
-s
加后面。
(
1
)
Chinese/Japanese
→
Chinese/Japanese,
Englishman
→
Englishmen, Frenchman
→
Frenchmen
(
2
)其余各国人(
German/Australian/American/Indian/Canadian/
…)均在词后直接加
-s
。
3.
名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成
(
1
)名词作定语修饰名词时
,
复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如
:many apple trees, boy students
(
2
)
man
和
woman
作定语修饰另一个名词时
,
两部分都变为复数。如
:men teachers, women doctors
考点三 名词所有格
1.
构成
分类
构成方法
例子
有生命的名词(人或动物)
在词尾加“
‘s
”
Mike’s car my mother’s birthday
以
s
结尾的复数名词只加“
‘
”
the kids’ balls the teachers’ books
不以
s
结尾的复数名词加“
‘s
”
Children’s Day
the men’s shoes
无生命的名词
一般用
of
结构
a picture of his room
a map of China
2.
特殊用法
(
1
)时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“
‘s
”构成所有格。
今天的报纸
世界人口
(
2
)表示某一东西为两人或多人共有时
,
只需在最后一个名词后加“
‘s
”
,
后面所跟名词用单数
;
表示各自所有时
,
则需在每个名词后加“
‘s
”
,
后面所跟名词用复数。
莉莉和露西共有的房间
莉莉和露西各自的房间
today’s newspaper
the world’s population
Lily and Lucy’s room
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms
(
3
)表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。
在李雷家
at Li Lei’s
在诊所
在药店
at the chemist’s
(
4
)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分
,
结构为“
of+
名词所有格” 或 “
of+
名词性物主代词”。
我父亲的一本书
我的一个朋友
a friend of mine=one of my friends
at the doctor’s
a book of my father’s
对接中考专练
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.[2014
·安徽
]
—
What is Miss Gao’s favourite
?
—
She is always in pink. Don’t you know?
A.colour B.book C.song D.movie
2.[2014
·安徽
]
—
More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
—
That’s true. It has become the
of Anhui.
A.pride B.effort C.praise D.courage
3.[2015
·安徽
]
—
How can I get some
about the 2016 Olympic Games?
—
Why not search the Internet?
A.information B.experience C.practice D.success
A
A
A
对接中考专练
4.[2016
·安徽
] Cathy has such a good
that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time
5.[2017
·安徽
] The New Silk Road will offer a good
for more nations to communicate.
A.chance B.habit C.question D.price
6.[2018
·安徽
]
—
What is the
of your excellent spoken English?
—
Practice makes perfect!
A.result B.influence C.duty D.secret
C
A
D
对接中考专练
7.[2018
·宿州一模
]
—
Which club will you join, the tennis club or the soccer club?
—
Oh, it’s a hard
. I need to think about it.
A.method B.courage
C.ability D.decision
8.[2018
·马鞍山一模
] When an earthquake happens, I think the most important safety
is to keep calm.
A.rule B.doubt C.condition D.project
D
A
7.D
考查名词辨析。
method
方法
;courage
勇气
;ability
能力
;decision
决定。根据答语
“
我需要考虑这件事
”
可知
,
加入网球还是足球俱乐部是个艰难的决定。故选
D
。
对接中考专练
9.[2018
·合肥二模
] It takes us less time to go to Shanghai because the
of trains has increased a lot.
A.price B.speed C.space D.service
10.[2018
·安庆二模
] We are quite sure to achieve our dreams with the
of our teachers and parents.
A.duty B.support C.discovery D.fear
B
B
对接中考专练
Ⅱ.
单词拼写
根据首字母及汉语提示
,
完成下列单词的拼写
,
使句意明确
,
语言通顺。
1.Dickinson’s poems are very popular with r
(读者)
even today.
2.Suddenly, he kicked the football out of the f
(场地)
.
3.Some paper books were huge ones with thousands of p
(页)
.
4.My father has made a p
(承诺)
that he will take me to Tibet next month.
5.Life is like a race. I’m ready to take on new c
(挑战)
any time.
6.There are many w
(作品)
on show in the library.
7.Uncle Wang bought two w
(手表)
yesterday for his parents.
8.There are a lot of s
(绵羊)
eating grass beside the river.
9.There are several l
(图书馆)
in the city.And two of them are open 24 hours a day.
10.Please accept our best w
(祝愿)
for your exams.
readers
field
pages
promise
challenges
works
watches
sheep
libraries
wishes
语法综合演练
见
Word
资源 语法专题
01
名词