语法互动(十) 非谓语动词
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
1. 动词不定式的用法。
2. 动名词的用法。
3. 现在分词或过去分词的用法。
中考考点
不定式有两种，即带to的不定式(to＋动词原形)和不带to的不定式。注意：
它没有人称和数的变化。
1．作主语[常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]
常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”。
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
＝It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
考点一 动词不定式
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
2．作宾语
(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree,
expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。
I hope __________ there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那儿。
(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容
词之后，构成“主语＋谓语＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结
构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
to get
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
3．作宾语补足语
(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell,
ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。
The teacher told us __________ Exercise 1.
老师告诉我们做练习一。
(2)使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see，hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不
带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必
须补上to。
We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。
被动语态： She is often heard to sing.
to do
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
4．作状语
常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。
(作目的状语)
5．作定语
动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。若不定式结
构中的动词是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，则不定式后面要加上
适当的介词。
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
I had to find a place to live in.
我不得不找一个住的地方。
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
6．作表语
Their duty is ________________________ the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
7. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用，构成不定式
短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
He doesn't know ________________.
他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)
[提醒] 动词不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth.”。
to look after/take care of
what to wear
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
动名词由“动词原形＋ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的
性质，也有名词的性质。
1．作主语
Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的
眼睛有害。
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。
考点二 动名词
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
2．作宾语
常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep,
mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, avoid, be used to, be worth,
be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to,
put off, have fun等。
Have you finished __________ the book?
你读完这本书了吗？
reading
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
3．作表语
The nurse's job is _________________________ the patients.
护士的工作是照顾病人。
4．作定语
I often go to the _____________．
我经常去阅览室。
looking after/taking care of
reading room
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
[提醒] 有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不
同。常见短语：
(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.ing作宾语)
(2)try to do sth. 试图(企图)做某事；尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试着做某事
(3)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事(已做)
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
(4)remember to do sth.记着要去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.记得做过了某事(已做)
(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事
go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事
(6)sth. need doing(某事)需要做(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
(7)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
考点三 分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.ing)有主动、进行之意；
过去分词(v.ed)有被动、完成之意。
1．作定语
China is a ____________ country. America is a _________ country.中国是一
个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。
I know the boy called Li Ming.
我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
2．作表语
The book is interesting. I'm interested in it.
这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
developing
developed
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
3．作宾语补足语
I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。
I want to have some photos taken.
我想拍几张照片。
4．作状语
Laughing and talking, they went into the room.
他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
5．现在分词与过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
the surprising news 令人惊讶的新闻
a surprised look 惊讶的神色
(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成
的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country 发达国家
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
6．易混结构
[注意] (1)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词的动词必须是
表示结果含义的。
I tried to speak more clearly so that I could make myself understood.
我尽量说清楚些，以便让别人明白我。
(2)have sth . done 意为“让某人做某事”，相当于ask sb. to do sth., done 表
示让他人完成，有被动之意。
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It's very nice of you ________ (help) me.
2．He's interested in ________ (play) chess.
3．Please stop ________ (smoke). It's bad for your health.
4．The kids had fun ____________ (swim) in the water.
5．She didn't know which sweater ________(choose)．
6．We decided ________ (visit) the Great Wall.
7．I'd like you ________ (go) shopping with me.
8．Why not ________ (join) an English club to practice ______________ (speak)
English?
考点过关训练
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
to help
playing
smoking
swimming
to choose
to visit
to go
join
speaking
9．As we all know, it's impolite to keep others ________ (wait) for a long time.
10．My computer doesn't work. I must have it ________ (repair)．
11．They spent two hours ________ (clean) the house.
12．John used to ________ up late, but now he's used to ________ up early.(get)
13．Would you mind ________(turn) down the music? The baby is sleeping.
14．Students in our class have finished ________ (read) the article.
15．Our teacher has given us some advice that is well worth _____________
(consider)．
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
considering
waiting
repaired
cleaning
get
getting
turning
reading
16．She raised her voice to make herself ________(hear)．
17．—What is he busy doing?
—He is busy doing the experiment ____________(complete) the science project.
18．To reduce air pollution, we'd better ride more often instead of ________ (drive)．
19．—Do you still remember ________(see) me somewhere in Beijing?
—Yes, of course. Two years ago.
20．Lost in Thailand is a Chinese comedy ________ (direct) by Xu Zheng.
语法互动(十)┃ 非谓语动词
directed
heard
to complete
driving
seeing
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