语法互动(十四) 宾语从句、状语从句和
定语从句
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
1. 宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。
2. 宾语从句的简化形式。
3. 状语从句中连词的选择和时态。
4. 关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
5. 关系代词的特殊用法。
中考考点
1. 在that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2. 连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特
殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。
Could you tell me ______________ to you?
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？
宾语从句
what he said
1.引导词
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
3. whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用
陈述语序。
I wonder __________ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告
诉李雷这个消息了。
[注意] 下列几种情况通常使用whether：
①具有选择意义且又有or或or not，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用
whether；
②介词之后用whether；
③不定式前用whether。
if/whether
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
1. 当主句为过去时态时，从句要用相应的过去时态。
We asked what Jean was doing then.
我们问琼那时正在做什么。
2. 当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
Lisa asked whether light ___________ faster than sound.
丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。travels/goes
2.时态
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
1. 陈述句改为宾语从句时，语序不变。
He is a good child. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was a good child.
老师说他是个好孩子。
2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述语序。
Does he work hard？I wonder. →I wonder if/whether ______________．我想知
道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave？I don't know. →I don't know when he left.我不知道他是什么
时候离开的。
he works hard
3. 语序
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
[提醒] 宾语从句与简单句的转换
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构的
简单句。
I don't know what I should say.
→I don't know what__________．
我不知道要说什么。
to say
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
状语从句
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
分类 连接词 例句
时间
状语
从句
when/while/a
s, before,
after, since,
until, as soon
as
My mother was making dinner when I got home.
我到家时妈妈正在做晚饭。
She brushed teeth quickly after she got up.
她起床后快速地刷牙。
条件
状语
从句
if, unless, as
long as
I sleep with the windows open unless it's really cold.
除非真的冷，否则我会开着窗户睡觉。
They'll go hiking if they're free.
如果他们有空，他们将去徒步旅行。
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
分类 连接词 例句
原因
状语
从句
because, as,
since, for
He felt very sleepy because he stayed up late last
night.
他感觉很困倦，因为昨晚他熬夜到很晚。
Since we've got ready for it, let's set off now.
既然我们已经准备好了，那现在就出发吧。
目的
状语
从句
so that, in order
that
Please say it more slowly so that we can follow
you.
请说得更慢一些，以便我们能跟上你。
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
结果
状语
从句
so that,
so…that/s
uch…that
It was so hot that too many people went swimming in
the sea.
天气如此炎热，以至于许多人去海里游泳。
Jack was such a clever boy that he solved the hard
problem.
杰克是如此聪明的一个男孩，他解决了那个难题。
让步
状语
从句
though/alt
hough,
even
if/though
Although it was very cold outside, they were still
working.
虽然外面很冷，但他们仍然在工作。
比较
状语
从句
than,
as…as, not
as/so…as
Mary is as quiet as her pen pal.
玛丽和她的笔友一样文静。
[注意] 1.主句与从句时态一致的问题
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下
列三种情况：
(1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表示
将来。
Be careful when you cross the road.
过马路时要小心。
The traffic must stop when the lights ____________.
当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。
turn red
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
(2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。
I will visit my good friend when I ________ time.
当我有空时，我将去看望我的好友。
If she ________ here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里，我
将和她一起去公园。
(3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过
去进行时。
My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.
昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。
have
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
comes
2．宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。
I don't know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident.
我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话，我将告诉他这起事故。
I don't know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当……的时候)he comes, I
will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这
个消息。
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
定语从句
考点一 关系代词的基本用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有who (whose, whom), which, that。
关系代词的基本用法：
作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that whose
指物 which/that which/that whose
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。
1．下列情况只能用that
(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。
All (that)you have to do is to practice every day.
你要做的就是每天练习。
There isn't much (that) I can do.
我能做的不多。
考点二 关系代词的特殊用法
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上
的第一堂课。
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
(3)先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
The white flower is the only one that I really like.
这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
This is the very book ________ I want to read.
这就是我想看的那本书。
(5)当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing over there?
站在那边的那个人是谁？
Which of us that know something about physics doesn't know this？在我们懂点物
理的人当中有谁不知道这个？
that
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
(6)先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things ________ we could remember.我们谈论了我
们所能记得的人和事。
(7)time作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导(that可
省略)；如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
The first time (that) I saw him was in 1972.
我第一次见到他是在1972年。
that
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
2．下列情况只能用which
(1)关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。
This is the book for ________ you ask.
这是你要的书。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。
which
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
1．when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。
I still remember the day ________ I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得来北京的
第一天。
2．where 在句中作状语，表示地点。
This is the factory ________ I worked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作的那
个工厂。
3．why在句中作状语，表示原因。
I know the reason ________ he came late.
我知道他来晚的原因。
考点三 关系副词的用法
when
where
why
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．They said they _____________(have) an English party in a week.
2．A moment, please. I'm checking if Mr. Smith ________ (work) tomorrow.
3．I'm waiting for my friend. If she _____________(not come), I'll go shopping alone.
4．We won't start the meeting until our teacher ________(arrive)．
5．—I'm sorry that John is out.
—Please ask him to call me as soon as he ________(return)．
考点过关训练
returns
would have
will work
doesn't come
arrives
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗？
Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in
China?
2．我确信他会准时到达。
I am sure ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
3．你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。
Your mother wants to know __________________ you have reached
school safely.
4．我不知道他们住在哪儿。
I don't know ________ ________ ________．
5．科学家说地球绕着太阳转。
Scientists said ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________．
if/whether
how long you have been
he will arrive on time
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
where they live
that the earth moves around
the sun
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．We want to know ________ to help them.
A．what can we do B．what we can do
C．how can we do D．how we can do
2．—Do you know________ the girl in white is?
—I'm not sure.Maybe she is a doctor.
A．how B．where C．what D．why
3．—Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there?
—Yes, he's Mr.Green, our P．E. teacher.
A．which B．what
C．whom D．who
C
B
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
D
4．Have you finished the book ________ you borrowed from the library?
A．which B．where
C．what D．whose
5．—Is there anyone here ________ name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don't know.
A．who B．which
C．whom D．whose
6．________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.
A．Because B．If
C．Although D．Since
D
A
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
C
7．He didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill.
A．because B．because of
C．if D．so
8．—I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you, Lucy?
—Yes.It has been almost 20 years________ we were together.
A．since B．before
C．after D．until
9．They will lose the game ________ they try their best.
A．unless B．once
C．since D．after
10．________ we felt tired, ________ we felt happy.
A．Though; but B．If; but
C．Though; / D．Because; so
A
A
语法互动(十四)┃ 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
A
C
微信/支付宝扫码支付