Pepper
Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can
fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼,百战不殆
leave v. 离开
v. 留下
你最好留下你的地址和电话号码。
You'd better leave your address and telephone number.
常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
v. 留给，交给
他把好些书都存在我这儿/留给了我。
He has left a number of books with / to me.
leave sth. with sb.
leave sth. to sb.
表示"暂存",以后还要取回
表示以后不再索还
leave 使役动词,表示"使/ 让……保持某种状态"
出去时,不要关门。
Leave the door open when you go out. 形容词作宾语补足语
让他自个儿去做。
Leave him to do it himself. 不定式作宾语补足语
他们走开了,让我一个人坐在那儿。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone.
现在分词作宾语补足语
leave
瓶子里还有水吗?
Is there any water left in the bottle?
left,常用作后置定语,表示"剩下的"
n. 休假
他向老师请病假。
He asked his teacher for sick leave.
have 作实意动词
1.表示“有”的意思。
2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示一种活动,患病
I have some good friends.
We have no classes on Sunday.
I have a bad cold.
3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）
have a talk with
4.表示“吃”、“喝”
have a cup of tea
5.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”
have sth done
have have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必 须”，可用于各种时态
I have to look after my dog at home.
have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时和过去完成时。
Great changes have taken place the last two years in China.
They said that the Frankhad stolen their camel.
have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。
1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况
的推测，一般用于肯定句。
You must have left your bag in the theatre.
have have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。
1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况
的推测，一般用于肯定句。
You must have left your bag in the theatre.
2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，
常用于否定句和疑问句。
He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.
3.should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用
于肯定句。
You should have been here five minutes ago.
have have用于某些短语，表示固定的意思。
1.had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“…最好…”
I'd better go and look for him now.
2.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…无（有）”关系。
Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.
give
give back
give up
give away
give in
give off
give out
I gave the textbook back to him. 归还
You'd better give up smoking. 放弃
give away the prizes 颁发
give the secret away 泄露
出卖，赠送
The strikers wouldn't give in. 投降，屈服
The flower gives off a good smell. 发出（光，味道等等）
发出（光，味道等等）
分发
单词 词义 例句
take 带走，
从这里把…带出去
Please take these books to the library for me.
bring 带来，
从别处把…带过来
Why don't you bring your girl friend to the party?
carry "运载"、"携带" They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery.
fetch 去取 去拿
命令语气比较重
She has gone to fetch water.
1. Even though it is spring, you had better _____ the windows _____ （让窗
子关着）
2. Don’t _____ him _____ （等着）outside in the train.
3. He would like to _____ the apple _____ （未吃完的）up and threw away.
4. Parents always _____ him _____ _____.（让自己做）
5. _____ the expense _____, (费用多少不说)do we actually need a second car?
6. You had better _____ him _____.(在角落里)
leave closed
leave waiting
leave uneaten
leave to do
Leaving aside
leave in the corner
in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；
above表示在上方，below恰好为反向。
若表正上用over，under表示正下方。
in front of表在前，反义behind在后面。
从里穿过用through，表面通过across。
进到里面用into，落到上面用onto。
from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。
小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。
1. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.
A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on
2.---There is nothing ____ tomorrow afternoon, is there?
---No. We can have a game of table tennis.
A. on B. in C. out D. up
3. A lot of students in our school were born ____ March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since
4. He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A. on B. at C. in D. during
5. My grandfather was born ____ Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
6. The train is starting ___ five minutes.
A. in B. at C. for D. still
7. Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.
A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on
8. Children wake up very early ____ the morning of Christmas Day.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
9. ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A. In B. On C. At D. For
10. It happened to be very cold ____ the morning of our sports meeting.
A. at B. on C. with D. of
介词 用法 例句
on 在…上 His book is on the desk.
相邻,接壤 China faces the Pacific on the east.
in 在…里 There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.
在同一范围内 Guilin is in the north of Guangxi.
to 不在同一范围内,也不接壤 Japan is to the east of China.
next to 紧靠…的旁边 The shop is next to the school.
beside 在…旁边 Come and sit beside (/by) me.
by 在…旁边,与 beside 可以互换 There is a chair by(beside) the table.
near 在…附近 There is a theatre near his home.
表示方位的介词
表示方位的介词
介词 用法 例句
around 在…周围 Let me see if he is around.
over 在…（垂直）的正上方 We live over a small bookstore.
抽象概念职位高低 He is over me.(顶头上司)
above 在…（不一定垂直）的上方 There is a bridge over the river.
职位高低 He is above me.(一般不是直接上司)
under 在…（垂直的）正下方 The box is under the table.
below 在…（垂直的）正下方 We are below the moon．
1. Shanghai is located _______ the east of China.
2. Handan is _______ the south of Hebei province.
3. Hainan is _______ the south of China.
4. Japan is _______ the east of China.
5. Henan province is _______ the south of Hebei province.
6. Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.
用in, on, to填空。
in
in
in
to
on
in
表示延续时间的介词
介词 用法
by 意为“在……之前；不迟于……”
for 意为“在……之前；不迟于……”
in 意为“在……以后；在……时间内”
since 意为“自从……以来；自……以后”
until 用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词
用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词
表示延续时间的介词
他已经当老师9年了。
He has been a teacher _____ nine years.
我已经在这儿住了10年了。
I have lived here _____ ten years ago.
他十分钟之后将会回来。
He will be back _____ ten minutes.
for
since
in
直到五月，我们才会看到一些花。
We don’t see any flowers _____ May.
你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。
You must stand here _____ the sun sets.
我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。
I must be at school _____ eight tomorrow morning.
你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？
Can you finish your work _____ five minutes?
表示延续时间的介词
since
until
by
in
表示方式的介词
介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；
限定、复数用in / on，by要直通海陆空；
骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。
介词 用法 举例
by 海 by ship / boat / sea
陆 by bus / car / train / bike / taxi
空 by air / plane / spaceship
on/in on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具 He goes to work on the bike / in his car.
on foot(固定搭配)
用in, by, on填空。
1. They often go to school _______ foot.
2. Does he usually go home _______ bike?
3. She went to Qingdao _______ ship last week.
4. I want to go to Beijing _______ bus.
5. She often comes to school _______ her father’s car.
6. Did you come here _______ a taxi?
on
by
by
by
in
in
表示运动方向的介词
介词 用法
across 意为“从……表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作
through 意为 “从……内部穿过”
past/by 表示“从旁边经过或路过”
Please be careful when you go ________ the street.
Look! The mosquito is trying to fly ________ the window.
We often go ________ a bakery on our way to school.
across
through
past/by
不用介词的情况
today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前
含有last, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all
等词的时间状语前
here, there, home, back等副词前
过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时
定义
结构
时间标志词
发生在过去，并对现在造成影响。
发生在过去，持续到现在，并且
可能一直持续下去。
主语+have done+其他
already, yet,
so far, until now
since+ 时间点, for+时间段
发生在过去的过去，并对过去造
成影响。
发生在过去的过去，持续到过去，
并且可能一直持续下去。
主语+had done+其他
by + 过去的时间点
by the end of + 过去的时间点
before + 过去的时间点
表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，
也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，
还可能通过上下文来表示。
过去完成时
过去的过去
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，
常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
过去完成时
过去的过去
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
过去完成时
过去的过去
叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追
述或补充以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
过去完成时
过去的过去
用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）
中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
过去完成时
过去的过去
状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，“发生在过去的过去”，
用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如:when, before, after,
as soon as, till/until引导的
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.
过去完成时
过去的过去
动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过
去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
我们本来希望能来看看你。
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C. did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several
C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
1. We _____(paint) the house before we _____(move) in.
2. That rich old man _____(make) a will before he _____(die).
3. They _____(study) the map of the country before they _____
(leave).
4. The robbers _____(run away ) before the policemen _____(arrive).
5. I _____(turn off) all the lights before I _____(go) to bed.
6. Paul _____(go) out with Jane after he _____(make) a phone call.
7. Tom _____(say) he _____(read) the book twice.
8. Our plan _____(fail ) because we _____(make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _____(finish) speaking, he _____(leave)the hall.
After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.
I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!
As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.
'Did you have a good meal?" he asked.
'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill.I haven't
got my bag.'
The landlord smiled and immediately went out.
In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden.
He often does this!'
Listen,
repeat
and translate
Retell the text
in your own words
1. 整理笔记本，并背诵重点单词及其用法，重
点短语，语法及句子；(下周课前检查笔记本)
2. 完成课课练；（下周课前批改）
3. 整理错题；（下周课前检查）
4. 背诵课文。(下周上课前)
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