Unit 1
Movies and Music
Contents
Movies and Music
II the basic features of US movies
III something about Hollywood
I the development of US movies
vWhat is “Popular culture” (pop culture)?
Popular culture is everything from “common
culture”, to “folk culture” to “mass culture”,
especially it is the culture originating in US. It is
now widely acknowledged that popular culture
can and must be analyzed as an important part
of US material, economic and political culture. It
can be expressed itself through nearly every
medium, including movies , music, and many
others.
I the development of movies
Where did the film first originate?
The Lumiere
brothers in Paris
first projected
motion pictures in
1895
Edison discovered the kinetoscope
- in 1893
Thomas Edison’s Vitascope in
1896
Directed by:
Edwin S. Porter
The most
influential
early film
artist
火车大劫案
美国消防员
的一生
The develop of the movie
va method of entertainment (vaudeville
shows, arcades)
v the commercial value ( melodramas and
comedies)
vAmerican movies academic research
vAmerican professional filmmaking and
theoretical education
exhibitors→ film exchanges→ American
studios →famous film-making company
vFrom
nickelodeons to
studios(制片厂)
vHollywood
became the
American movie
capital after 1913
The Luxury cinema take over the place
of Nickel theaters
nickelodeons
vThe first generation of star actors included
Charlie Chaplin, William S. Hart, Greta Garbo,
Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson, and Will
Rogers.
vDirectors of the day were D.W. Griffith, Maurice
Tourneur, J. Stuart Blackton and Mack Wennett.
Birth of a Nation established
the feature film as a popular
art form for all classes.
Chaplin Hart Greta Garbo Rudolph Valentino
Gloria
Swanson Will
Rogers
v After the WWI
v The produce of the silent film
vThe Kid The Gold Rush Chaplin
vWhat are the current five “majors”
filmmaking industries?
vFox/ MGM/ PKO/ Warner Brothers/
Columbia / Universal
American famous movie company
ØTwentieth Century-Fox
ØWarner Bros.
ØColumbia Pictures Inc.
ØUniversal Pictures Corporation
Paramount Pictures Corporation
ØUnited Artists
v 好莱坞有八大电影公司:
环球影片公司(Universal Picture Co.)
派拉蒙影业公司 (Paramount Pictures, Inc.)
20世纪福斯电影公司 (20th Century-Fox Film Corp.)
哥伦比亚影业公司 (Columbia Pictures Corp.)
华纳兄弟影业公司 (Warner Bros.)
米高梅公司 (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer)
联美公司(United Artists Corp.)
雷电华影业股份有限公司 (RKO)
其中资格最老的依次是米高梅、20世纪福斯、
华纳兄弟、派拉蒙和PKO。
The movie began to
become the art -20th century
vFirst: Dance playground
vThen: Little Theater
vLast: All U.S. town
,
Hollywood has become the center of the
American movies (美国电影工业的代名词)
vIn 1870s, an agricultural community
vIn 1911, the Nester Company opened
Hollywood's first studio.
vBy 1911, Los Angeles was second only to
New York in motion picture production,
and by 1915, the majority of American
films were being produced in the Los
Angeles area.
vBy 1920, Hollywood had become world-
famous as the center of the united states
film industry.
vBanks, restaurants, clubs and commercial
buildings began to spring up.
The Hollywood Walk of Fame
vThe Hollywood
Walk of Fame(好
莱坞星光大道 )
serves as a
permanent public
monument to
achievement in
the
entertainment
industry.
The Walk attracts about
10 million visitors and
has played an important
role in making tourism
the largest industry in
Los Angeles County.
vBy the late 1930s Hollywood entered into
an artistic golden age
Shirley
Temple
for decades remained
the highest-grossing
film
vOscar
奥斯卡金像奖(Academy
Award)由电影艺术与科
学学院 (Academy of
Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences) 颁发。
1928年设立,每年一次在
美国的好莱坞举行。半个
多世纪来一直享有盛誉。
Oscar: The Temple of Movies
The Oscar Awards ( 奥斯卡金像奖), the
golden statuettes awarded annually by the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
(美国电影艺术学院) for achievement in movies,
are the most influential movie awards with the
longest history and largest scale in the world.
vIn the 1950s many filmmakers were encouraged
to experiment with wide-screen processes, such
as CinemaScope(宽银幕) and stereophonic (有
立体效果的)sound systems
vNew genre films emerged : horror, science fiction,
and rock’n’roll
vTry to avoid romanticism and sentimentality
vHave a much more description on a harsher
reality and a more explicit sexuality.
vAppear a lot film stars: Marlon Brando, Marilyn
Monroe, James Dean, Jane Fonda, Barbra
Streisand, Dustin Hoffman,etc.
vIn the 1950s many film-makers were
encouraged to experiment with wide
–screen processes, such as Cinema Scope
and stereophonic sound systems.
Marilyn
Monroe
James
Dean
垮掉
一代
《教父》
(THE GODFATHER)(1972)
《欲望号街车》
(A STREETCAR NAMED D
ESIRE)(1951)
《柴巴达万岁》
(VIVA ZAPATA!)(1952)
《恺撒大帝》
(JULIUS CAESAR)(1953)
Adventure (冒险) /Action(动作)
Horror/ Thriller (恐怖)
Science fiction (科幻)
/Disaster(灾难)
vThe principal stars of the 1960s to 1970s
are Jane Fonda, Barbra Streisand, Dustin
Hoffman, Woody Allen
vThe leading directors are Steven Spielberg,
George Lucas and James Cameron
Steven
Spielberg
侏罗纪公园
Inspirational film (励志)
Steven Spielberg
大白鲨
星球大战
外星人
Draw the audience
back into movie
theaters
George Lucas
美国80年代四大导
演之一,他指导的
《夺宝奇兵》等系列
电影被誉为世界电影
史上符号性作品
詹姆斯·卡梅隆 James Cameron
终结者
魔鬼终结者
阿凡达
Conclusion
vBefore WWI, American film had often been
preachy and sentimental, and set in a
working class milieu [‘mi:ljə:] 环境.
vIn the 1920s, most films showed the
cynicism (玩世不恭)and sensuality among
the upper classes.
vDuring the 1950s to 1960s films turned to
display a sense of realism, and new genre
films emerged (horror, science fiction and
rock’n’roll stories )
vDVDs replace VHS tapes
American Music Overview
vAmerican Music reflects the country’s
multi-ethnic population
vMost internationally known genres
(categories): Rock and Roll, Country,
Rhythm & Blues, Jazz, Pop, and Hip-hop
(Rap, DJ, Graffiti and street dance)
Contents
Ⅱ Country Music
Ⅱ Jazz
Ⅱ R&B
Ⅱ Rock & Hip Hop
Country music
vThe earliest songs that could be considered
American popular music were sentimental
parlor(娱乐场所) songs by Stephen Foster.
vSongs for vaudeville were widely accepted by
working-class white audiences of that time.
vThe most popular vaudeville shows had a
profound effect on the subsequent development
of Broadway musical theater and the songs of
Tin Pan Alley.
乡村音乐是一种当代的流行音乐,起源于美国南部与阿
帕拉契山区。乡村音乐的根源可追溯至1920年代,融合
了传统民谣音乐、凯尔特音乐、福音音乐及古时音乐。
乡村音乐的曲调,一般都很流畅、动听,曲式结构也比
较简单。
Country music is a kind of contemporary pop music,
originated in the southern United States and Appalachia
mountains. Country music is rooted in the 1920s, the
traditional folk music, integration Gospel music and
music, Celtic in music. Country music melody, generally
very smooth phrasing structure, beautiful, also is simple.
Country Music
Jimmie Rodgers
——Country music's father
Jimmie Rodgers had great influence on
American country music. Although most of his
career in the U.S. economy is the weakest, he
spent time and often focus on the
performance of the poorest regions. When we
are in his album covers read: "in his heyday,
have not bounteous villagers grocery store
and bought some necessities, all will have
another of his latest album,". He is not only
"the village will sing guy", but also people hero.
Jimmie Rodgers 对美国乡村音乐的影响
是巨大的,尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经
济最不景气的时期度过,而他的演出又常集中在
最贫穷的地区,但当我们在他的纪念专辑封套上
读到:“在他的全盛期,手头并不宽裕的村民踏
进商店,买了一些生活必须品之后,全都会再要
一张他的最新唱片”时,我们不会不为之感
动.他是“村里会唱歌的小伙子”,也是老百姓
心中的英雄.
vStephen Foster (1826-
1864), 美国作曲家,《故
乡的亲人》《我的肯塔基故乡》
《噢,苏珊娜》,《老黑奴》
等二百首歌曲,其中很多都是
广为流传的著名歌曲。
vBroadway
vTin Pan Alley
vMusical theater
vTin Pan Alley was an
area called Union
Square ,which is the
major center for music
publishing by the end of
19th century.
Union Square
纽约联合广场
这里与中央公园不同,在中央公园,人们更多的
是休闲与漫步。而这里演讲是最常见的节目,也
是艺术界人士交流的场所
vUntil the 1950s, America popular music
was divided into three separate styles: one
was called “pop”.
vThe second style was “rhythm-and blues”.
vThe third style is now called “country and
western”.
Jazz
vWhat is Jazz ?
Jazz is a music genre that began at the
beginning of the 20th century in African American
communities in the Southern United States. It
came from a mix of African and European swing ,
call and response, and improvisation.
vWhat is the characteristic of Jazz?
Jazz is characterized by blue notes,
syncopation, swing, call and response, and
improvisation(即兴创作).It is also a confusion of
modern ragtime, blues, gospel and country music.
Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz had
now become a sophisticated art form.
Jazz
vWhat is the famous jazz band and who
are the most famous jazz musicians ?
Creloe Jazz Band (King Oliver and
Louis Armstrong)
Jazz musicians include Charlie Parker,
Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong.
vJoe ”King” Oliver,美国
著名爵士乐演奏家,曾是
爵士大师Louis Armstrong
的老师。
《如此甜蜜》《运河街面
鲁斯》
Creole Jazz Band
Charles Parker
(1920 –1955), also
known as Yardbird
and Bird, who was an
American jazz
saxophonist(萨克斯风
手 ) and composer.
He and other
musicians developed
a style called be-bop.
vEdward Kennedy "Duke"
Ellington (1899
–1974),he was an
American composer,
pianist, and big-band
leader. Ellington wrote
over 1,000 compositions.
Jazz
v In what way does jazz music help to express an
American national identity?
v Before Civil War, black people had taken part in
American popular music. Black marching bands became
characteristic of early jazz
v After WWI, Creole Jazz Band appeared,which launched
the birth of recorded music.(moved from outdoors to
indoors and into the studio.)
v Jazz music is the foundation of modern ragtime , blues,
gospel and country music, all of which can be seen as
part of a continuum with no clear demarcation between
them.
R&B的全名是Rhythm & Blues,一般译
作 “节奏布鲁斯”(R&B),时至今日,R&B
已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词。它常作为
一种区别于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐(Soul)、都
市歌(Urban)的音乐被特殊的听众和唱片界
人士提及。
R&B music is different from Rap (Rap),
Soul (there), Urban song
vRhythm-and-blues came from the blues
sung by black performers along with the
fast dance music that had grown out of
ragtime and boogie-woogie. It was the
popular music of the African-Americans.
Two of the most popular rhythm-and blues
performers were Chuck Berry and
B.B.King.
vChuck Berry(查克·贝里)美国
黑人摇滚歌手,现已80高龄,
活跃于上世纪50年代到70年代。
他是美国早期对摇滚乐有影响
的重要人物,代表作有
"Brown-Eyed Man," "Too
Much Monkey Business,"
"Memphis," "Roll Over,
Beethoven!" 和 "Johnny B.
Goode" 。查克·贝里是较早的
摇滚鼻祖 。
B.B.King
B.B.King,美国歌手,吉他
演奏家,作曲家,BLUES王
国的主宰。他可以在任何地
方录音,作品既有纯布鲁斯
的,也有乡村音乐风格的,
还有流行和摇滚的,但每一
种形式中都夹杂着布鲁斯的
成分。
蓝调音乐之王”
Blues
“The Thrill
is Gone”
by
BB King
African-American slaves
created the blues by
adapting the field shouts
and hollers, turning them
into passionate solo songs.
Hip-hop是20多年前始于美国街头
的一种黑人文化,也泛指说唱乐。
Hip-hop 文化包括节奏(押韵地说
话)、街 舞、玩唱片及唱盘技巧、涂
鸦 艺 术。
Hip hop developed from the
American black culture, which
composed of rapping, DJ(打碟),
graffiti and street dance.
Hip Hop
Puff Daddy又名为名
P.daddy。中文译名吹牛
老爹。美国著名的说唱歌
手。他身兼歌手和制作人
多职,对美国以至全球流
行音乐有着举足轻重,无
可比拟的影响,与
Michael Jordan、Spike
Lee并列为90年代最有影
响力的黑人代表。
摇滚是一种音乐类型,起源于1940年代末期
的美国,1950年代早期开始流行,迅速风靡全球。
摇滚乐以其灵活大胆的表现形式和富有激情的音
乐节奏表达情感,受到了全世界年轻人的喜爱。
rock & roll
Rock & roll music is a kind of type, originated
in the 1940s and 1950s end of early American
pop, quickly became popular in the world. Rock
with its flexible bold expression and passion
music rhythm expression of emotion, the young
people around the world.
vMichael Jackson,an American pop
musician, rock, R & B singer, dancer,
actor, record producer. Known as the
king of pop . He is the music industry's
greatest and most influential singer.
v他的音乐曲凤完美地融合了黑人节奏布鲁
斯与白人摇滚乐,开成了独特的MJ乐凤。
Alan Freed
It is widely believed that
the term “rock and roll”
was first used by a
Cleveland disc jockey
named Alan Freed. He
was one of the first
people to popularize
rhythm-and blues
among white audiences.
Bill Haley and The Comets
Bill Haley & His Comets was
an American rock and roll
band that was founded in
1952 and continued until
Haley's death in 1981. The
band, also known by the
names Bill Haley and The
Comets and Bill Haley's
Comets, was the earliest
group of white musicians to
bring rock and roll to the
attention of white America
and the rest of the world.
Bill Haley
Bill Haley was
called the father
of rock, founder
of the rock.
Elvis Presley 猫王
Elvis Presley’s singing is a
combination of rhythm and
blues and country-and-
western. His performing
style came to mean “rock
and roll”.
Heartbreak Hotel
Moody Blue
Burning Love
Way Down
the Beatles
Four boys from Liverpool,
John Lennon
Paul McCartney
George Harrison
Ringo Starr
By 1964, when the
Beatles were introduced
to US audiences , they
had revolutionized pop
music.
vFor a time , the Beatles and other
British groups, such as the Rolling
Stones, dominated the American
scene.
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan, an American singer,
songwriter, author, musician, poet,
who has been a major figure in
popular music for five decades.
Much of Dylan's most celebrated
work dates from the 1960s.
Rock’n’roll was turned into rock,
or folk rock, largely due to the
efforts of Dylan.
vWhat’s the main character of folk rock
music?
It infused rock music with a new
element of conscious social comment:
satirical , often bitter and angry.
vFrom the mid-1960s numerous performers
followed the footsteps of Dylan in the rock music
scene. In 1966 Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel(西
蒙与加芬克尔) unveiled their own style of rock in
“sounds of Silence”. Other Californians, such as
the Mamas and the Papas(妈妈和爸爸), gave
their special flavor to rock. Now appeared funk
singer(一种结合现代爵士乐与早期黑人音乐形式)
like Michael Jackson and female vocalists like
Tina Turner and Whitney Houston.
vGrunge music:垃圾乐,又称垃圾摇滚。
vNirvana is recognized as one of the very
first Grunge bands to emerge and become
popular, Michael Jackson is the most
famous one.