Unit 4 Public transport 语言点
学习目标
重点词汇
convey, postpone, interval, choke, undertake, function enquiry, arise,
load, fine, aim
重点短语
drop off, pick up, link up, put through, decide on, put off // come up, turn up
split up, speed up, under repair
重点句型
疑问词+do you think+其它部分？
would rather...than
知识讲解
重点词汇
convey
【原句回放】Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and
around the city centre. 由马带动的公交车，有轨电车，出租车和四轮马车被用来运送人们到
市中心和市中心周围。
【点拨】convey vt. 输送，运送；表达
常用搭配：convey sth. from... to... 从……到……运送……
A taxi conveyed us to the train station.
一辆出租车把我们送到火车站。
A good photograph can often convey far more than words.
好的照片经常比文字更能传情。
Words cannot convey how delighted I was.
言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦。
postpone
【原句回放】...so the digging was postponed until 1860. ……于是（地铁的）挖掘工作推迟到
了 1860 年。
【点拨】postpone vt. 延期；延缓；搁置
常用搭配：
postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟到……
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.
我们把比赛从 3 月 5 日推迟到 3 月 19 日举行。
The game has already been postponed three times.
这场比赛已经被延期三次了。
They decided to postpone building the new school.
他们决定延迟兴建新学校。
【拓展】postpone, delay 与 put off
postpone 指将某一活动“延期”到某一确定时间。
delay 指由于某种意外或客观原因而“耽搁或推迟”。
put off 指主观上有意“拖延”时间。
试一试：
1. Let’s ________ making a decision until we have more information.
2. He keeps ______ going to visit his uncle.
3. The sports meeting will be ________ because of some reason.
Keys：1. postpone 2. putting off 3. delayed
interval
【 原 句 回 放 】 ...early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular
intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke. ……早期的地铁线每隔一段就
需要有通往地面的大洞，以使乘坐地铁的人能呼吸到新鲜空气而不致窒息。
【点拨】interval n. 间隔；幕间休息
常用搭配：at intervals 每隔一段时间，每隔一段距离
During the interval, wine was served.
幕间休息时有葡萄酒供应。
There was a long interval of silence.
中间有很长时间的沉默。
She woke him for his medicines at intervals throughout the night.
她夜里每隔一段时间就叫他起来服药。
He visits me at regular intervals.
他总是间隔一定时间访问我一次。
choke
【 原 句 回 放 】 ...early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular
intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke. ……早期的地铁线每隔一段就
需要有通往地面的大洞，以使乘坐地铁的人能呼吸道新鲜空气而不致窒息。
【点拨】choke vi. & vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
常用搭配：
choke up 塞满，哽咽
choke off 限制，阻止
choke back 抑制，克制
The smoke from the stove almost choked me.
炉子里发出的烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。
The streets in the centre of the city were choked up with traffic.
市中心的街道被车辆堵塞了。
His performance made people choke with laughter.
他的表演令人喷饭。
The girl talked endlessly and her mother had to choke her off.
女孩讲个没完，她的母亲不得不加以阻止。
undertake
【 原 句 回 放 】 Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes,
undertook the job of improving the system in 1902... 见此情形，在 1902 年，一位美国富商查
尔斯·耶基斯承担了改善（地铁）系统……
【点拨】undertake vt. 从事；承担（工作、责任等）；承诺，答应
注意：undertake 的过去时、过去分词：undertook, undertaken
常用搭配：undertake to do sth. 答应做某事
He undertook a new experiment. 他着手一项新的实验。
I will undertake the responsibility for you. 我会为你负起责任。
He undertook to finish the work by Monday. 他担保在星期一以前完成工作。
=He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday.
function
【原句回放】When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.
当伦敦被轰炸时，许多地铁站起到了防空洞的作用。
【点拨】function vi. 起作用，运转
n. 功能，机能，作用
常用搭配：function as 起作用（=serve as）
perform / play an important function / role / part 起重大作用
This machine doesn’t function properly. 这台机器有点毛病。
Your computer won’t function well once attacked by viruses.
一旦受到病毒攻击，你的电脑将无法正常运行。
Athens functioned as a centre of trade in the thirteen century.
在 13 世纪时，雅典成为贸易中心。
The function of a chairman is to lead and control meetings.
主席的职责是引导并控制会议。
enquiry
【原句回放】I can get her to call you back, or maybe I can deal with your enquiry? 我是让她给
你回电话还是我自己处理一下你的问题呢？
【点拨】enquiry n. 询问，咨询；调查，探究（inquiry 的不同拼写）
常用搭配：make an enquiry of sth. 询问某事
Thank you for your enquiry / enquiries about my health.
谢谢你问候我的健康情况。
An official enquiry into the incident was launched.
官方对这一事件进行了咨询。
【拓展】enquire v. 询问，打听（inquire 的不同拼写）
We must enquire further into the matter.
我们必须进一步调查此事。
arise
【 原句 回放 】The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has
increased greatly over the past year. 在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的
死亡人数急速上升。
【点拨】arise (arose, arisen) vi. 出现，发生；起来，升起
常用搭配：arise from (=arise out of) 由……而引起，由……而产生，从……中产生
Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.
克隆恐龙的过程中也会出现许多问题。
Daniel arose at dawn. 丹尼尔天刚亮就起床了。
Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
上次会议记录方面有无尚待解决的事项？
load
【原句回放】Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.
在你的自行车上加上一个更重的东西会使自行车更难以控制。
【点拨】load n. 负荷,负载,装载;
vt. 装载
常用搭配：
be loaded with 装满
load...with... 用……装载……
load...into/onto... 将……装入/上……
take a load off one’s mind 打消某人的顾虑
carry a heavy load 负重载
The truck was loaded with watermelons.
那辆卡车装满了西瓜。
How long will it take to load the coal onto the truck?
装这车煤需要多少时间?
Lifting a heavy load can be very dangerous.
举一个重物是很危险的。
【拓展】load 构成的合成词
overload 超载 download 下载 unload 卸载
fine
【原句回放】Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while
driving has increased by 30 per cent. 最近因驾驶时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了
30%。
【点拨】fine vt. 处（某人）以罚金；n. 罚金
常用搭配：fine sb. for doing sth. 因为做了某事而罚某人的款
If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a heavy (= severe) fine.
如果他被发现有罪，他会面对六个月监禁和重金罚款。
Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.
超速驾驶会重罚。
He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.
他因违反交通规则被罚款 200 美元。
【拓展】fine adj. 美好的，细致的，纤细的，健康的，晴朗的
adv. 不错，细微地
vt. 使精细，使精炼
The bicycle works fine if you oil it regularly.
只要你定期给它加点油,自行车就会运转得很好。
aim
【原句回放】The aim of this is to reduce air pollution. 这样做的目的是减少空气污染。
【点拨】aim v. 瞄准；目的，旨在
n. 目标，目的，瞄准
常用搭配：
aim to do... 以做……为目标
aim at sth./ doing sth. 瞄准，以……为目标
be aimed at 目的在于；针对
The project aims to provide an outlet for children’s creativity.
此项目旨在为孩子们的创造力提供表现的地方。
He was aiming at the tree but he missed. 他瞄准那棵树，但是没有射中。
The regulations are aimed at the prevention of accidents at work.
这些规则的制定目的在于预防在工作中出现事故。
The book is aimed at people with no specialized knowledge.
这本书主要针对于那些没有专业知识的人。
My main aim on this course is to gain confidence.
我选这门课的目的主要是增强信心。
重点短语
drop off
【原句回放】They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route. 它们在沿途不同
的站点接送乘客。
【点拨】
1. drop sb./ sth. off 让某人下车/卸下某物，中途顺便将某物送交某处
Tom dropped me off at the post office and I’ve walked the rest of the way．
汤姆让我在邮局下了车，剩下的路我就步行了。
He said he would drop the parcel off at the post office．
他说他要在邮局寄一个包裹。
I can drop the laundry off on my way to work．
我可以在上班的路上把要洗的衣服送去。
2. drop off 减少，下降，睡着
The number of students has been dropping off recently．
近来学生人数减少了。
Attendance at football matches has dropped off since the coming of television．
自有电视以来，到现场观看足球比赛的人就减少了。
I was just dropping off when the telephone rang．
我刚要睡着，突然电话铃响了。
【拓展 1】含 drop 的短语
drop in/ by (on sb.) 顺便拜访(某人) drop out 退出，退学
drop down 倒下，突然停止 drop into 跌入，不知不觉进入（某状态）
pick up
【原句回放】They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route. 它们在沿途不同
的站点接送乘客。
【点拨】pick up 用汽车搭载某人或接某人；好转，接收，拾起，偶然得到/听到/学会
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
公共汽车在机场外接乘客。
A good sleep may help you pick up flesh.
好好睡觉可以帮助你病愈后恢复体重。
Where did you pick up your excellent English?
你是在哪里学会这样一口流利的英语的?
We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收到英国广播公司的国际广播节目。
link up
【原句回放】Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and Metropolitan
District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city. 16 年后的
1884 年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部提供地铁服务。
【点拨】link up 将……结合，连接；会合，碰头
Engineers can link up distant villages by radio or telephone.
工程师们能用无线电或电话把遥远的乡村连接起来。
The two spaceships will link up in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上连接。
Where shall we link up？我们在哪里集会？
【拓展】link...to 把……连接到……上
put through
【原句回放】OK, I will put you through to the receptionist and she can take down your details.
好吧，我给你接通接待员，她会记下你的详细情况。
【点拨】put through 接通（电话）；完成；经受（磨练、痛苦）
Can you put me through to this number？你能替我接通这个电话吗？
He put through an important business deal yesterday．昨天他做成了一笔大生意。
We can put this task through tomorrow．我们明天可以完成这项工作。
I’m sorry for what you were put through. 很抱歉让你经历那些。
【拓展】含 put 的短语
put down 记下，写下；镇压 put forward 提出
put in 插话 put off 推迟
put on 穿上 put out 伸出，熄灭
put up 举起，张贴 put up with 容忍
decide on
【原句回放】...we do welcome students to visit this centre, but you will have to fill in a form and
then we will decide on the best way to organize the visit. ……我们欢迎学生参观这个中心，但是
你需要填表，之后我们将决定组织参观的最好方式。
【点拨】decide on 对……做出决定
注意：decide 加动词时，常用“decide to do sth.”，表示“决定做某事”。加名词时，要接介词
on。
After leaving university, Theresa decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后，特丽萨打算在出版业来成就事业。
Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.
重要的事情不要太快地做决定。
【拓展】decision n. 决定
make a decision 做决定
put off// come up
【原句回放】I would like to put your visit off until then as the annual Traffic Conference is
coming up next week. 我想把你的访问推迟到下周召开的年度交通大会时。
【点拨 1】put off 推迟，使延期（做某事）
Let’s put this off till some other time.
我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再说吧。
Should it rain tomorrow，we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
如果明天下雨，我们就推迟去扬浦大桥的参观活动。
【点拨 2】come up 走近，上来，上升；发芽；发生；被提出；出现
I expect something to come up soon.
我预料很快就要出事的。
The project came up in their conversation.
他们在谈话中提到了这项工程。
The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.
月亮出来时，天空是深蓝色的，非常晴朗。
【拓展】come up with 想出，提出；赶上
I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。
turn up
【原句回放】They did not turn up until 10 o’clock. 他们直到 10 点钟才出现。
【点拨】turn up 出现，到来，找出；开大，调高（收音机、暖气等）
Hundreds of people are expected to turn up.
预计将有数百人到场。
This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.
这就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。
Please turn the radio up a little.
请把收音机开大一点。
【拓展】含 turn 的常用短语
turn to 求助于；翻到；询问 turn against 反对；背叛；(情况)对……不利
turn around 翻身；转身 turn away 把……打发走；走开；拒绝
turn back 回走；掉转头 turn in 上交；呈交
turn into 变成；翻译成 turn on 打开(水、灯等)
turn off 关掉(水、收音机等) turn out 证明是，结果是；生产
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝，不接受 turn over 翻转；翻过来；仔细考虑；移交
split up
【原句回放】We could split up into groups, and come at different times. 我们可以分组在不同的
时段来。
【点拨】split up 断绝关系，分成小部分
The old farm has been split up into house lots.
这古老的农场已被划分为一块块的住宅用地。
John has just split up with his close friend.
约翰刚刚跟他的密友分手了。
We’ll split up the cost and profits among us.
我们将分担费用和分享利益。
【拓展】split vt.& vi.（由于意见严重分歧）使分裂，使裂开；分摊
注意：split 的过去式、过去分词都是 split。
常用搭配：
split away/ off 脱落下来，分裂出去 split hair 吹毛求疵
We split the wood into long thin pieces.
我们把木头劈成长长的薄片。
speed up
【原句回放】A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up
travel between the two cities. 在北京和大连之间一项新的铁路服务刚刚开始运营，这促进了
两个城市间的旅游。
【点拨】speed up 加速
注意：speed 的过去式和过去分词可以是 sped，也可以是 speeded。
The car sped up when there was no one.
没有人的时候汽车加速了。
Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。
They have speeded up their construction of the new building.
他们加快了这座新楼的建造速度。
【拓展】有 speed 的短语：
at a/the speed of 以……的速度 at full speed 全速
at a high/low speed 以高速/低速 at (the) top speed 以最高速度
with speed 快速地 pick up speed 加快速度
under repair
【原句回放】The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
暴风雨冲掉了沿途的泥土，部分路段目前仍在修建中。
【点拨】under repair 正在维修中，在修建中
The road under repair leads to our university.
正在维修的那条路通往我们的大学。
The building is under repair.
这幢楼正在修建中。
【拓展】含 under 的短语
注意：under 此时意为“在……中，在……期间”，表示某种行动在……状态或过程中
under discussion 在讨论中 under debate 在争论中
under treatment 在治疗中 under control 在控制中
under attack 受到攻击 under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在修建中
重点句型
疑问词+do you think+其余部分？
【原句回放】What do you think it was like travelling on it 100 years ago? 你认为 100 年前坐地
铁旅行会怎么样呢？
【点拨】如果需要把 do you think 插入疑问句中，疑问词一般放在句首。注意此句型中“其余
部分”要用陈述句语序。除 think 外，能用于此句型的动词还有：believe, suppose, imagine,
suggest, expect 等。
What do you think we can do next to keep the children out of the garden?
你认为我们下面怎么做能让孩子们不进入花园呢？
Where do you think our English teacher comes from?
你认为我们英语老师是哪里人呀？
What do you suppose made her so angry?
你认为什么事使她如此生气？
would rather...than
【原句回放】Why would many people choose to travel by airplane rather than by ship? 为什么许
多人宁愿乘飞机而不愿意坐船旅行？
【点拨】would ... rather than... 宁可……而不愿……
1. 此句型可以用作 would rather ... than ...，也可以把 rather than do 放在句首。
2. 此句型使用时要注意“平行结构”，即在 than 的前后要用两个同类的词或短语，如两个名
词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。如：would rather do than do（would 后接动词原形）。
She’d rather die than lose the children.
她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.
与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.
我宁愿和他母亲说话而不愿和他父亲说话。
【拓展】类似结构
would rather +从句（谓语 did/had done）
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿……而不愿……
would rather have done sth. 宁愿已经做了某事
rather than 而不是
other than 除了
or rather 更确切地说
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