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选修 8 Unit5 Learning about Language
Step 1 Complete the passage by choosing the words and phrase in the box.
regardless of, identify, assumed, ample, excavation, primitive, alternative,
due to, aware, sharpened
Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who organized the _________________ that led to the discovery
of the bones in the Zhoukoudian caves near Beijing. He was a specialist in the study of bones and it was
his ambition to find and _____________ bones of early humans. His university was ___________ of the
significance of his work. At first they gave him ___________ time to do this research, but later they realized
he was prepared to pursue it ______________ his students’ needs and his teaching career, so they forbade
him to travel there any more. It was his assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the discovery of these
_____________ bones and ______________ stone tools. Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr. Black
because there was no _______________ means of transport. Dr. Black _____________ this discovery
would change the way academics thought about early people in China. He knew that his success was
almost entirely _________ his assistant’s systematic hard work.
1, excavation 2, identify 3, aware 4, ample 5, regardless of 6, primitive 7, sharpened
8, alternative 9, assumed 10, due to
2 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the phrases below.
on behalf of in spite of regardless of ahead of because of instead of
1. Nobody has the right to spit in the street ____________________ their social position or age.
2. ________________ the song’s popularity, the band deleted it from their new album as they failed to
find one who could sing it well enough.
3. Sophie got a bad scratch from her cat _________________ her carelessness while playing with it.
4. Sam made a tentative guess that six months of his flying course lay _______________ him.
5. The vice president gave a welcome speech ___________________ the Academy of Arts at the
exhibition.
6. The guest waited patiently at the receptionist’s desk __________________ interrupting the meeting.
1, regardless of
2, In spite of
3, because of
4, ahead of
5, on behalf of
6, instead of
Step 2 Grammar 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时结构：have/ has been doing
现在完成进行时的意义：表示动作从过去某一时间一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其
动作是否延续下去, 则由上下文而定。现在完成进行时多用持续性动词如 live, learn, lie, stay, wait,
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stand, rest, study 等, 常和 all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等
状语以及 since 和 for 引导的时间状语或从句连用。
1. My younger brother _______________________________(play) the computer game.
2. The baby______________________________ (sleep) for an hour.
3. They______________________________ (play) basketball all the day.
4. The boy __________________________________ (read) a book for almost 4 hours.
5. He __________________________________(talk) with his friend.
6. The telephone ___________________________ (ring) for almost a minute.
7.The young boy _____________________________(watch) TV.
8. The two robots ________________________________________ (dance and sing) since they have
been made.
9. I don’t know why the pig _______________________________ (run).
10. They ___________________________________(play) games in the school.
11. Oh, you have come at last! I ______________________________ (wait) for you for two long hours.
(我等了你足足两个小时)
12. You ________________________________ (cry). (你一直在哭)
13. You are here! I ___________________________________(look) you long. (我找了你老半天)
1, has been playing
2, has been sleeping
3, have been playing
4, has been reading
5, has been talking
6, has been ringing
7, has been watching
8, have been dancing and singing
9, has been running
10, have been playing
11, have been waiting for
12, have been crying
13, have been looking
2. 现在完成进行时态的具体用法
1) 叙述某一动作从过去开始一直继续到现在仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。经常与 for, since, all
morning/day/week 用在一起。
You have been studying for four straight hours. Why don’t you take a break?
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it?
2) 叙述“最近”一直从事的工作或活动。lately, recently
What’s the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你是不是一直在哭?
3) 表示重复动作。有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在一直不停地进行, 而是在断断续续
地重复。
I have been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in. 我一直在敲门, 我想没人在里面。
You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years. 5 年来你一直在说你能成功。
I have been writing letters since breakfast. 我从早餐起就一直在写信。
4) 表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作, 一般不再继续。此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。
My hands are dirty. I’ve been painting the door.我的手很脏, 我一直在漆门。
What have you been eating to get as fat as this? 你都吃什么啦, 怎么这么胖？
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5) 叙述从过去某时开始一直继续到现在, 但不再继续下去的事情。带有浓厚的感情色彩, 强调持续
了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。
Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。
Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours. 我等了你足足两个小时。
You are here! I have been looking for you long. 我找了你老半天。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示结果, 其动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响; 而且现在完成时也可表示动作的
持续。而现在完成时表示比较长久的动作和状态, 而现在完成进行时表示较短暂的动作和状态, 而
且强调持续性或未暂停性。
He hasn’t worked for years.他多年来一直没有工作。
I haven’t been working very well recently.我最近工作不太顺利。
They ________________________ several bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们已建了好几座桥。
have built
They _________________________ bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们一直在建桥。
have been building
Step 3 Practice
1. China sent up Shenzhou V manned spaceship into space successfully, which shows science and
technology ______________________ (develop) rapidly in China.
2. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She ______________________________ (teach) for twenty
years by next summer.
3. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--I am tired. I ______________________ (paint) the living room all day.
4. The two friends ________________________(chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they would go
on till the next morning.
5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ___________________________ (consider) going back to school,
but she hasn’t decided yet.
6. ----How long _________ you ___________________ (work) in the factory?
----Since 1990.
7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _______________(be) increased
enormously ever since.
8. ----Hi, Alan, I have’t seen you for weeks.
What _______ you ________________ (do) recently?
----Studying.
9. ----Hi! We have not seen each other for almost two years.
----I __________________________ (work) in a company as a secretary.
10. I __________________________(write) letters this morning and ___________________(write) for
four hours so far.
11. — I have got a headache.
— No wonder. You _______________________ (work) in front of that computer too long.
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12. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she
_________________________ (study) English for a year.
1, have been developing
2, will have taught
3, have been painting
4, have been chatting
5, has been considering
6, have, been working
7, has been
8, have you been doing
9, have been working
10, have been writing; have written
11, have been working
能力提升 完形填空
For quite a while now, I have been looking for someone very special to give my very last smile card
to. Today, when I sat down in a Thai __16__， I noticed a man walk by and sit down a few tables away
from me. He had a small dish of yogurt (酸奶), which he ate __17__， scraping (刮) the sides of the dish
to get it all out. As my eyes __18__ his, I saw a sad, lonely man with dirty hair. He had dirt on his coat
and pants, obviously from __19__ outside. I was pretty sure he was __20__.
I looked at my food and felt __21__ that I had this full plate of food __22__ he had nothing, not even
a hint of (一丝) a smile on his face. I went over and asked him if he was __23__. He nodded. Then he
gestured that he had no __24__.
He saw me reach into my pocket and I said “__25__ me”. In a flash, he was behind me. I paid for
another plate of food that __26__ him to pick anything he wanted. His plate was piled __27__ when he
sat back down at his table. I sat there and __28__ him every so often, while he enjoyed his food.
When I finished __29__， I remembered the smile card that I had been saving. On my way out, I
gladly passed it to him. He did not __30__ when I said have a good day and placed the __31__ in front of
him, but he __32__ said “Thank you”．
As I walked away, I __33__ with all of my heart that my last smile card had brought a smile to this
man's face. I hoped that, one day in the __34__， he would also have the __35__ to pass the card on.
16．A. hotel B. restaurant C. office D. house
17．A. happily B. luckily C. quickly D. healthily
18．A. saw B. met C. avoided D. observed
19．A. waiting B. working C. playing D. sleeping
20．A. alone B. ill C. homeless D. lazy
21．A. proud B. terrible C. great D. ashamed
22．A. so B. unless C. though D. but
23．A. dirty B. full C. clean D. hungry
24．A. family B. house C. money D. job
25．A. Follow B. Tell C. Excuse D. Forgive
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26．A. ordered B. allowed C. needed D. helped
27．A. high B. low C. long D. short
28．A. noticed B. heard C. remembered D. watched
29．A. drinking B. speaking C. eating D. thinking
30．A. took out B. look ahead C. look up D. look back
31．A. plate B. card C. yogurt D. coat
32．A. angrily B. bravely C. jokingly D. clearly
33．A. said B. promised C. hoped D. declared
34．A. end B. beginning C. past D. future
35．A. opportunity B. time C. dream D. energy
答案与解析
语篇解读 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者请一位流浪者吃饭并赠予他微笑卡的故事。
16．B 由下文的“a small dish of yogurt”及第三段中的“I had this full plate of food”可推测，作者
坐在一家泰国“餐馆(restaurant)”。
17．C 由下文的“scraping the sides of the dish to get it all out”可推测，该男子很饿，因而他吃
酸奶的速度很快，故选 quickly。
18．B 由下文的“I saw a sad, lonely man”可知，此处指作者的目光和男子的目光“相遇(met)”。
19．D 见下一题解析。
20．C 由上文的“He had dirt on his coat and pants”可推测，男子在室外“睡觉(sleeping)”，因而
作者肯定地认为他“无家可归(homeless)”。
21．B 由下文的“I had this full plate of food ... he had nothing”可知，作者感到很“糟糕(terrible)”。
22．D “I had this full plate of food”与“he had nothing”形成鲜明对比，故选 but。
23．D 见下一题解析。
24．C 由下一段中的“I paid for another plate of food ...”可推测，作者问男子是否“饿(hungry)”。
男子点头并用手势表示自己没有“钱(money)”。
25．A 由下文的“he was behind me”可知，作者让男子“跟(Follow)”她走。
26．B 由下文的“him to pick anything he wanted”可知，作者为该男子又买了一份食物，这使
得他可以尽情享用美食，故选 allowed。
27．A 由上文男子很饿的事实可知，此处应该是说男子盘中的食物堆得很“高(high)”。
28．D 当男子享用食物时，作者时不时地“看看(watched)”他。
29．C 由第三段中的“I looked at my food and felt ... I went over and asked him if he was ...”可推
测，作者帮男子买食物之前并没有吃完自己的东西，帮男子买单后才回到座位继续吃，因而此处指
作者“吃(eating)”完。
30．C 男子很饿，只顾着享用自己的食物，作者向他告别并赠送卡片时，他都顾不上“抬头
看(look up)”。
31．B 由上文的“I remembered the smile card ... I gladly passed it to him”可知，此处指作者将微
笑“卡(card)”放到男子的面前。
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32．D 由 but 可知，上文的“He did not ...”与下文的“said ‘Thank you’”是转折关系，故此处应
选“clearly (清楚地)”。
33．C 由下文的“with all of my heart that my last smile card had brought a smile to ...”可知，作者
“希望(hoped)”那张微笑卡已经让男子脸上绽放微笑。
34．D 由下文的“he would also ...”可知，此处表示“未来(future)”的某一天。
35．A 由语境可知，作者希望男子将来有“机会(opportunity)”将那张微笑卡传递下去。
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