1
选修 8 Unit5 Learning about Language
Step 1 Complete the passage by choosing the words and phrase in the box.
regardless of, identify, assumed, ample, excavation, primitive, alternative,
due to, aware, sharpened
Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who organized the _________________ that led to the discovery
of the bones in the Zhoukoudian caves near Beijing. He was a specialist in the study of bones and it was
his ambition to find and _____________ bones of early humans. His university was ___________ of the
significance of his work. At first they gave him ___________ time to do this research, but later they realized
he was prepared to pursue it ______________ his students’ needs and his teaching career, so they forbade
him to travel there any more. It was his assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the discovery of these
_____________ bones and ______________ stone tools. Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr. Black
because there was no _______________ means of transport. Dr. Black _____________ this discovery
would change the way academics thought about early people in China. He knew that his success was
almost entirely _________ his assistant’s systematic hard work.
2 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the phrases below.
on behalf of in spite of regardless of ahead of because of instead of
1. Nobody has the right to spit in the street ____________________ their social position or age.
2. ________________ the song’s popularity, the band deleted it from their new album as they failed to
find one who could sing it well enough.
3. Sophie got a bad scratch from her cat _________________ her carelessness while playing with it.
4. Sam made a tentative guess that six months of his flying course lay _______________ him.
5. The vice president gave a welcome speech ___________________ the Academy of Arts at the
exhibition.
6. The guest waited patiently at the receptionist’s desk __________________ interrupting the meeting.
Step 2 Grammar 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时结构：have/ has been doing
现在完成进行时的意义：表示动作从过去某一时间一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其
动作是否延续下去, 则由上下文而定。现在完成进行时多用持续性动词如 live, learn, lie, stay, wait,
stand, rest, study 等, 常和 all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等
状语以及 since 和 for 引导的时间状语或从句连用。
1. My younger brother _______________________________(play) the computer game.
2. The baby______________________________ (sleep) for an hour.
3. They______________________________ (play) basketball all the day.
4. The boy __________________________________ (read) a book for almost 4 hours.
5. He __________________________________(talk) with his friend.
2
6. The telephone ___________________________ (ring) for almost a minute.
7.The young boy _____________________________(watch) TV.
8. The two robots ________________________________________ (dance and sing) since they have
been made.
9. I don’t know why the pig _______________________________ (run).
10. They ___________________________________(play) games in the school.
11. Oh, you have come at last! I ______________________________ (wait) for you for two long hours.
(我等了你足足两个小时)
12. You ________________________________ (cry). (你一直在哭)
13. You are here! I ___________________________________(look) you long. (我找了你老半天)
2. 现在完成进行时态的具体用法
1) 叙述某一动作从过去开始一直继续到现在仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。经常与 for, since, all
morning/day/week 用在一起。
You have been studying for four straight hours. Why don’t you take a break?
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it?
2) 叙述“最近”一直从事的工作或活动。lately, recently
What’s the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你是不是一直在哭?
3) 表示重复动作。有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在一直不停地进行, 而是在断断续续
地重复。
I have been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in. 我一直在敲门, 我想没人在里面。
You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years. 5 年来你一直在说你能成功。
I have been writing letters since breakfast. 我从早餐起就一直在写信。
4) 表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作, 一般不再继续。此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。
My hands are dirty. I’ve been painting the door.我的手很脏, 我一直在漆门。
What have you been eating to get as fat as this? 你都吃什么啦, 怎么这么胖？
5) 叙述从过去某时开始一直继续到现在, 但不再继续下去的事情。带有浓厚的感情色彩, 强调持续
了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。
Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。
Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours. 我等了你足足两个小时。
You are here! I have been looking for you long. 我找了你老半天。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示结果, 其动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响; 而且现在完成时也可表示动作的
持续。而现在完成时表示比较长久的动作和状态, 而现在完成进行时表示较短暂的动作和状态, 而
且强调持续性或未暂停性。
He hasn’t worked for years.他多年来一直没有工作。
I haven’t been working very well recently.我最近工作不太顺利。
They ________________________ several bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们已建了好几座桥。
They _________________________ bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们一直在建桥。
3
Step 3 Practice
1. China sent up Shenzhou V manned spaceship into space successfully, which shows science and
technology ______________________ (develop) rapidly in China.
2. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She ______________________________ (teach) for twenty
years by next summer.
3. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--I am tired. I ______________________ (paint) the living room all day.
4. The two friends ________________________(chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they would go
on till the next morning.
5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ___________________________ (consider) going back to school,
but she hasn’t decided yet.
6. ----How long _________ you ___________________ (work) in the factory?
----Since 1990.
7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _______________(be) increased
enormously ever since.
8. ----Hi, Alan, I have’t seen you for weeks.
What _______ you ________________ (do) recently?
----Studying.
9. ----Hi! We have not seen each other for almost two years.
----I __________________________ (work) in a company as a secretary.
10. I __________________________(write) letters this morning and ___________________(write) for
four hours so far.
11. — I have got a headache.
— No wonder. You _______________________ (work) in front of that computer too long.
12. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she
_________________________ (study) English for a year.
能力提升 完形填空
For quite a while now, I have been looking for someone very special to give my very last smile card
to. Today, when I sat down in a Thai __16__， I noticed a man walk by and sit down a few tables away
from me. He had a small dish of yogurt (酸奶), which he ate __17__， scraping (刮) the sides of the dish
to get it all out. As my eyes __18__ his, I saw a sad, lonely man with dirty hair. He had dirt on his coat
and pants, obviously from __19__ outside. I was pretty sure he was __20__.
I looked at my food and felt __21__ that I had this full plate of food __22__ he had nothing, not even
a hint of (一丝) a smile on his face. I went over and asked him if he was __23__. He nodded. Then he
gestured that he had no __24__.
He saw me reach into my pocket and I said “__25__ me”. In a flash, he was behind me. I paid for
another plate of food that __26__ him to pick anything he wanted. His plate was piled __27__ when he
sat back down at his table. I sat there and __28__ him every so often, while he enjoyed his food.
4
When I finished __29__， I remembered the smile card that I had been saving. On my way out, I
gladly passed it to him. He did not __30__ when I said have a good day and placed the __31__ in front of
him, but he __32__ said “Thank you”．
As I walked away, I __33__ with all of my heart that my last smile card had brought a smile to this
man's face. I hoped that, one day in the __34__， he would also have the __35__ to pass the card on.
16．A. hotel B. restaurant C. office D. house
17．A. happily B. luckily C. quickly D. healthily
18．A. saw B. met C. avoided D. observed
19．A. waiting B. working C. playing D. sleeping
20．A. alone B. ill C. homeless D. lazy
21．A. proud B. terrible C. great D. ashamed
22．A. so B. unless C. though D. but
23．A. dirty B. full C. clean D. hungry
24．A. family B. house C. money D. job
25．A. Follow B. Tell C. Excuse D. Forgive
26．A. ordered B. allowed C. needed D. helped
27．A. high B. low C. long D. short
28．A. noticed B. heard C. remembered D. watched
29．A. drinking B. speaking C. eating D. thinking
30．A. took out B. look ahead C. look up D. look back
31．A. plate B. card C. yogurt D. coat
32．A. angrily B. bravely C. jokingly D. clearly
33．A. said B. promised C. hoped D. declared
34．A. end B. beginning C. past D. future
35．A. opportunity B. time C. dream D. energy
微信/支付宝扫码支付