2021 届高考英语词汇延伸与阅读练习(三十七)
1. suspect/ˈsʌspekt; (for v.) səˈspekt/
n. 嫌疑人;v.怀疑;猜想
拓展
suspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb.to be+n.怀疑,猜疑,猜想
suspect+that 从句,以为,认为,猜想
suspicious a. 可/多疑的,疑心的
例句
①The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but
found nothing.
警察怀疑他携带毒品,所以他们穿过了他的包,但什么也没发现。
②I suspect him to be the pickpocket.
我怀疑他是个扒手。
串记
The professor suspected him of cheating in the examination.
教授怀疑他考试作弊。
2. switch /swɪtʃ/
v. 改/转变;交/转换;n. 开关
拓展
switch off 关上(电灯、电视等);断掉(电源)
switch on 打开;开始运行
switch over 转变;转换;换台
switch to 切换到;转到
例句
①Don't forget to switch off the lights when you leave the classroom.
离开教室时别忘了关灯。
②If you switch the words over, the sentence sounds better.
如果你把这几个词调换一下位置,这句子听起来就好多了。
③I don't like this TV programme,let's switch to another one.
我不喜欢这个电视节目,换个频道看看吧。
串记
The first to come should switch on the lights and the last to leave should switch
off the lights.
第一个来的要打开灯,最后一个离开的要关灯。
3. symbol /'sɪmb(ə)l/
n.符号,象征,标志
拓展
symbolic a.象征的;符号的;使用符号的
symbolize vt. 象征;用符号表现
例句
The dove is the symbol of peace.
鸽子是和平的象征。
串记
There are white and blue in the symbolic painting. The color of white symbolizes
purity while blue symbolizes sincerity.
这幅有象征意义的画里有白色和蓝色。白色象征纯洁,蓝色象征真诚。
4.sympathy /'sɪmpəθi/
n.同情;同情心;同感;赞同;慰问
拓展
show/feel/have sympathy for sb.同情某人
in sympathy with 同情;赞成;支持
out of sympathy (for) 出于/对……的同情
win the sympathy of 博得……的同情
express sympathy 深表同情
sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的
例句
① Sympathy from passers by( 来 自 过 路 人 的 同 情 ) made him feel quite
embarrassed.
②To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for
others.
The lady won the sympathy of other people(博得了别人的同情) by describing
her miserable past.
④Out_of_sympathy_for_the_homeless_children(出于对无家可归的孩子们的
同情), he gave them shelter for the night.
5. take /teɪk/
vt.拿,取;采取;接受(礼物等);买,花/耗费(时间等)
拓展
take measures/steps/action 采取措施/步骤/行动
take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议
take a look/rest/walk/test/lesson 看看/休息/散步/参加测试/上课
take photos/notes 照相/做笔记
it takes (sb.) sth. to do sth. 做某事需要…
take…as/for 把…看/当作
take after 长得像; 性格类似于
take apart 拆开
take away 拿/带走
take back 取/拿回
take down 取/拿/记下
take it for granted 认为理所当然
take in 吸收;领会;欺骗
take off 脱下;起飞;成功
take on 承担;呈现;具有;雇用
take out 取/带出
take over 接管/收
take up 拿起;开始从事; 占据(时间,地方)(同 occupy)
take part in 参加
例句
①With her light hair and blue eyes Mary seems to take after her mother, but in
character she is more like her father.
玛丽那浅色头发和蓝眼睛使她看上去像她母亲,而她的性格则更多像她父
亲。
② A teacher cannot take it for granted that his students always do their
assignments as required.
老师不能想当然地认为学生总是按要求完成作业。
③I take part in all kinds of after school activities —I play football, basketball,
volleyball, table tennis and I go to theater club.
我参加各种课外活动——我踢足球、打篮球、打排球、打乒乓球,而且我还
去戏剧俱乐部。
④If you believe him, you'll certainly be taken in.
如果你相信他,就肯定会被他欺骗。
⑤Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
有些昆虫呈现周围环境的颜色来保护自己。
课后练习
Everyone knows chameleons (变色龙) can change color,but why do they do it?
Suppose you were given these three options:(a) to match with their surroundings,(b)
to get a mate,or (c) to impress humans.Most people would choose (a).But the real
answer is (b).
It’s not a hard-and-fast rule:there is evidence that the colorful changes of some
chameleons can be a disguise.For instance,the small-sized chameleon Bradypodion
taeniabronchum seems to match its surroundings more closely when facing an enemy
with better color vision.For most chameleons,however,changing color is all about
getting a mate.
In their natural environment,most chameleons match with their surroundings
pretty well,says ecologist Kristopher Karsten of California Lutheran University in
Thousand Oaks.So when they change color,they tend to make themselves easier to
notice.Competing males will often battle it out with a color-change fight.
The color-change process doesn’t work the way you might expect it to either.
Most of us would think it is achieved by some kind of pigments (色素).But a
study published in March 2015 suggests that the color changes have nothing to do
with chemistry at all.Instead,it turns out there are some nanocrystals ( 纳 米 晶 体 )
within the chameleon’s cells.By changing the positions of these crystals,the
chameleon can show different shades of color.
It’s not just about how chameleons look.They are also unusually good at using
their eyes.
In a neat study published in July 2015,zoologists showed chameleons two objects
that moved around a computer screen.The chameleons were able to split their
vision,each eye independently focusing on a different object.Eventually,the
chameleons seemed to make a choice,both eyes locking onto the same target.This way
they could do a better job of judging how far away the objects were — and thus how
far to shoot out their tongues.
All that said,there is a lot that we still don’t know about chameleons.
1.Why does Bradypodion taeniabronchum change color?
A.To hunt food.
B.To cheat its enemies.
C.To make itself disappear.
D.To attract human’s attention.
2.How do male chameleons compete with each other for a mate?
A.By changing color.
B.By staring at each other.
C.By fighting with each other.
D.By matching with their surroundings.
3.How do chameleons change color?
A.By producing more nanocrystals.
B.By using different kinds of pigments.
C.By changing the positions of their cells.
D.By changing the positions of their nanocrystals.
4.What is special about chameleons’ eyes?
A.They can tell different colors.
B.They can see objects from a long distance.
C.They can notice objects on a computer screen.
D.They can focus on two objects at one time.
参考答案:
本文是说明文。文章介绍了变色龙变色的原因、方法以及其眼睛的特殊之处。
1.B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“...there is evidence that the colorful changes of
some chameleons...facing an enemy with better color vision”可知,有些变色龙改变
身体颜色是为了伪装自己,而 Bradypodion taeniabronchum 这种变色龙便是其中的
一个例子,它碰到色彩视感强的敌人时,会变成与周围环境更接近的颜色,以迷惑
敌人。
2.A 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Competing males will often battle it out with a
color-change fight”可知,雄性变色龙决斗的方式是“变色大战”。
3.D 细 节 理 解 题 。 由 第 五 段 中 的 “By changing the positions of these
crystals...different shades of color”可知,变色龙通过改变细胞内纳米晶体的位置来
显示不同的颜色,从而达到改变身体颜色的效果。
4.D 细 节 理 解 题 。 由 倒 数 第 二 段 中 的 “The chameleons were able to
split...independently focusing on a different object”可知,变色龙的两只眼睛可以同
时分别聚焦在不同的物体上面。