2021届高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十四）

2021 高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十四） 一：词汇识记 1.necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ a. 必需的，必要的(同 essential)；必然的 拓展 it is necessary for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的。 it is necessary that…(should) do sth.有必要做某事 be necessary to 对…是必要的 if necessary 若有需要 necessarily ad．必定，必然地，必要地 necessity 需要；必然性；必需品 例句 If necessary , you can contact me at home. 必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。 串记 It’s necessary for the students to study hard. It is necessary that theyshould try their best to prepare the college entrance examination, if necessary, they need extra study time. 学生努力学习是很有必要的，他们有必要尽他们最大的努力去学习，如果有 必要的话，他们需要额外的学习时间。 2. need /ni:d/ n. & a. 需要，必要 拓展 need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing/to be done 需要被…… needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事的 there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没必要做 have need to(do)必须……，务必…… in case of need 在困窘时 in need 在危难中；在穷困中的 meet/satisfy one’s need(s) 满足某人的需要 needy a. 贫困的；贫穷的；生活艰苦的 例句 ①There is a great need for us to learn a foreign language well in the modern society. 在现代社会，学好一门外语对我们来说是非常必要的。 ②A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。 串记 We need to do something to help the people in need, for example, the houses need to be repaired so we need to buy something to meet their needs but there is no need for us to buy these toys. 我们需要做一些事情来帮助这些需要帮助的人，例如这些房子需要修缮所以 我们需要买些东西满足他们，但是我们没有必要买这些玩具啊。 3. next /nekst/ a. 最近的，紧挨着的，隔壁的；下一次；ad. 随/然后，下一步；n. 下一个 人/物 拓展 in the next place 其次，第二 next door to 在……隔壁，几乎，近乎，差不多 next to(用于否定词之前)几乎，差不多；紧挨着 next to impossible 几乎不可能的 例句 It’s next to impossible to drive in this traffic． 在交通这样拥挤的情况下几乎无法驾车行驶。 串记 Lily is the next student to walk into the room next to the reading rom. 莉莉是下一个进入阅读室旁边房间的学生。 5. noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪声，喧闹声 拓展 make a noise 喧哗，吵闹 make a noise in the world 名噪一时 make noises 议论纷纷 make a noise about 抱怨 noisy a. 嘈杂的；喧闹的；充满噪音的 noisily ad. 吵闹地；喧喧嚷嚷 例句 We had to put up with a lot of noise when the children were at home. 孩子们在家时,他们吵吵嚷嚷我们也得忍受。 串讲 The children play noisily, I can’t stand the noise so I don’t want to live in this noisy place. 孩子们吵闹地玩着，我不能忍受这些噪音，所以我不想住在这个吵闹的地方。 二：阅读练习 A I did some research and examined how British English and American English changed between the 1930s and the 2000s.Take spelling,for example — towards the 1960s it looked like the UK was going in the direction of not using the “u” in “colour” and writing “centre” as “center”.But since then,the British have become more confident in some of their own spellings.In the 2000s,the UK used an American spelling choice about 11% of the time while Americans use a British one about 10% of the time.There is also no need to worry too much about American words,such as “vacation”,“liquor” and “lawmaker” entering British English.There are a few examples of this kind of vocabulary change but they are mostly uncommon words and are not likely to change British English too much.The British are still using “mum” rather than “mom” and “petrol” rather than “gas”. But when we start thinking of language more in terms of style than vocabulary or spelling,a different picture appears.Some of the bigger trends in American English are moving towards a freer use of language.American sentences are on average one word shorter in 2006 than they were in 1931. Americans also use a lot more apostrophes (撇号) in their writing than they used to,which has the effect of turning the two words “do not” into the single “don’t”.“The hand of the king” becomes the shorter “The king’s hand”. However,in all these ways Brits are changing too — and in the same way as Americans.They’re just about 30 years behind the trend that Americans seem to be leading. So this raises a question,is British English actively following American English or is this something that is simply a natural trend in language use? Perhaps the British would have gone in that direction even if America had never been discovered? I’d like to agree with the second idea but because of the fact that British people learn plenty of American language through different ways,I think the first is more correct. 1.What did the British do in the 1960s? A.They used some American spellings. B.They built up confidence in their language. C.They did research on language differences. D.They went in the direction of harder spellings. 2.What does the author try to show by using examples like “petrol”? A.British English has changed a lot. B.Some uncommon words are used less often. C.American words are entering British English. D.American spelling won’t change British English too much. 3.Which of the following is a trend of American English? A.It is using shorter words. B.It is turning to proper grammar. C.It is trying to make sentences simpler. D.It is avoiding using apostrophes. 4.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the languages? A.American English is going the wrong way. B.British English is following American English’s example. C.American English is borrowing a lot from British English. D.Languages wouldn’t change much if America was not discovered. B After teaching for 35 years in the North Shore school district,I retired and agreed to teach English to immigrants at the Glen Cove Library two nights a week.It’s been a joy! I started with three students,got as many as 10,but now have settled on what I call “the fantastic five”.They range in age from 23 to 65,one man and four women.They’ve come from El Salvador,Peru,Honduras,Colombia and the Dominican Republic. With one exception,they are married,have children,and are working.Their responsibilities leave them with little free time,but they faithfully come to class.The students always make me smile.On the first day,I asked what surprising things they had discovered about America.Isabelle,from Peru,thought for a moment and then said,“You Americans all stop at red lights!” Blanca,a student from Honduras,arrives with her three young children.Actually,they arrive first,running in,waving to me as they dash to the children’s room as their often-exhausted mother trudges in behind.Blanca’s kids are adorable.I keep forgetting their names,so I call them Blanco,Blanki and Blankette.They giggle at this and their mom smiles. I’ve been asked by friends whether I know the students’ immigration stories.I don’t ask.I’m here to help them learn English.Their lives often are not easy.Over the past year,one woman got divorced,and another’s husband suffered a stroke.A third’s husband,a truck driver,was in a horrific accident that left him homebound for more than nine months.But,these students rarely miss a class. 5.What can we know about the students? A.They are all women over 23. B.They have children and jobs. C.They are a big trouble for the teacher. D.They are busy and miss classes regularly. 6.What can we learn about Blanca? A.She is from Peru and has three children. B.She doesn’t like the names the author gives. C.She is respectable to educate her children well. D.She is surprised at Americans’ running red lights. 7.What does the underlined word “trudges” probably mean? A.Walk heavily. B.Run quickly. C.Wave unwillingly. D.Dash slowly. 8.How does the author feel about the teaching job? A.Tired. B.Helpless. C.Delighted. D.Regretful.