2021届高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十八）

2021 高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十八） 一：词汇识记 1. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n.观点，意见，主张，见解(同 view) 拓展 be of the opinion that 认为…，相信…意见 form an opinion 提出意见 have a good(bad)opinion of 认为好(不好)，相信(不相信) have a high(low)opinion of 对…评价高(低) in one’s opinion 根据某人的看法；在…看来 例句 ①No matter what you say, I shall stick to my opinion. 不管你说什么,我都坚持我的主张。 ②Everyone had an opinion on the subject. 大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。 辨析 opinion 一般用词，指对客观事物的认识和看法，并经思考后的意见，因此 有十分肯定意味； view 指对事的立场或态度，常用复数形式； idea 指解决问题或处理事的计划或打算。 串记 In my opinion teachers need to listen to the students’ opinions. 在我看来老师们需要听取学生的意见。 2. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ vt. 反对；抗争 拓展 (1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事 oppose sb./sb’s doing sth.反对某人做某事 (2)opposed adj.强烈反对，截然不同 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 (3)opposite adj.相反的；对面的；对立的 n. 对立面 prep. ……的对面 adv.在对面 be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反 just the opposite 恰恰相反 opposition n. 反对；反对派；在野党；敌对 例句 ①The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone. 父母极力反对他们的女儿单独去那里。 ②Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working overtime. 大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员加班。 ③The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar. 坐在我们对面的那些人看上去很面熟。 ④Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. 许多人认为倾听是被动的行为，情况恰恰相反。 ⑤The result was quite opposite to what we had expected. 结果和我们所期望的完全相反。 串记 They are in the opposite position, but this time they are opposed to their boss’s opinions. 他们处于对立的位置，但是这次他们同时反对老板的意见。 3. order /ˈɔ:də(r)/ n.次/顺序(disorder)；v. & n. 命令，指示；订购，点(菜)；订单 拓展 in order 整齐，秩序井然；按顺序；状况良好 out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒 in order that 为了；以便 in order to 为了 keep order 保持秩序 made to order 定做的，预订的 on order 在订购，在定做 place an order 订购；下单；发出订单 put ... in order 把……按顺序 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事; order (that) sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事 orderly a．整齐的，有条理的，有秩序的 例句 ①I can't make a call, because our phone is out of order. 我无法打电话，因为我们的电话坏了。 ②He once ordered his secretary to place an order for 100 books and arrange them in order of size. 他曾命令秘书去订购 100 本书并把它们按大小顺序排列。 ③ She ordered that the book(should)be brought to her． 她吩咐把那本书拿给她。 串记 The students were out of order, in order to keep the students in order, the headmaster ordered the students to stand in order of height. 学生已经乱套，为了保证学生的秩序，校长命令学生们按高度顺序站立。 4. organise /(美)organize /ˈɔrgənaɪz/ v. 组织，筹备；使有条理 拓展 organize sb/oneself/sth into sth 组成 organization n. 组织；机构；体制；团体 organized a. 有组织的；做事有条理的 organizer n. 组织者；承办单位；组织导 例句 We'll organize some students into the basketball team. 我们将组织一些学生参加篮球队。 串记 The well-organized organizations belong to the special organizer. 这些组织良好的机构属于这个特别的组织者。 5. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；原点；出身；开端 拓展 the origin of… 的起源 original a. 原来的；开始的；首创的，新颖的，创新的；原作的； n. 原件，原版 originally ad. 最初，起初；本来 originate vt. 引起；创作；vi. 发源；发生；起航 例句 Many words in the English language are French in origin. 英语中的许多词源于法语。 串记 If it's possible, track the rumor back to its origin and you can find that the original rumor said that Confucianism originates in Korea. 如果可能，应追查谣言的源头，你会发现最初的谣言就是儒家学说起源于韩 国。 对比 origin 用于事物时，指起源或开端，着重于其发生的最早的时间或最初的地 点，出处等。用于人时，指出身或来历，较强调门第或血统。 source 指事物的起源或出处，但更多地用于非物质的或无形的东西，常指情 况或信息的来源、出处。 beginning 指事物的开端，表示事物的顺序。 root 通常指事物产生的原因或根源。 二：阅读练习 A “Could you load (把 碗 碟 放 入 ) the dishwasher?” How many times have we asked our teenage children to do a chore and found later that it was done so poorly that we have to finish the job? 1 Kate Kelly,author of The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Parenting a Teenager,has some suggestions. 2 Don’t expect teens already know how to do something.Kelly says,“We left my teenage daughter alone for a few days. 3 What a mess!” If you explain a chore,you will probably find it’s been done well. Use the team method. Kelly says,“We do so much for our kids. 4 ” So,according to Kelly,when teens do something like cleaning the floor,they enjoy giving something back to the family.“And always remember teens should be thanked and praised.” Give one task at a time. If you can’t stand how clothes are always being left on the floor,don’t let your teens get away with it. 5 Tell them that if they keep throwing their clothes on the floor,they won’t be allowed to see their friends at the weekend,and that’s it. Keep chores gender-neutral(不分性别的). Don’t leave all the kitchen chores for daughters,and jobs like washing the car or fixing things for sons. A.Explain the job. B.Remember to say thank you. C.However,she had no idea how to separate rubbish. D.Watering the plants can be a good way of relaxation. E.We drive them everywhere,and help with their homework. F.Few parents are happy with the way housework is done by their teenagers. G.Make them pick the clothes up,but don’t add on other chores at the same time. B Clara Hale was born on April 1,1905 in North Carolina.In 1932,Clara faced the saddest thing in her life.Her husband died,1. (leave) her with her two children.To support her children,she 2. (get) a job as a babysitter (临时 保 姆 ) for children with mothers too busy 3. (look) after their own children.During the next 25 years,she was a foster mother ( 养 母 ) to over 40 children. As more and more 4. (problem) of drug abuse came up,more and more people would come to her door,holding a child,5. (usual) because the child’s mother took drugs and either couldn’t or wouldn’t care for the child.Within six months,she had 22 babies in a five-room apartment.As 6. matter of fact,her apartment was packed,but she never said no to a child who no one wanted. In 1985,Clara founded the organization 7. (call) the Hale House Center.It was an organization for children 8. mothers took drugs.At the Hale House Center,there would be about 100 children there a week. Clara was a loving,9. (self) mother to over 800 children in her life.She devoted her whole life 10. these unwanted children.She died on December 18,1992 with a feeling in her heart that she had changed people’s lives.