2021届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之 猜测词义

Reading Comprehension ----Guessing meanings of words If you come across new words while reading, what will you do? ignore them and continue reading; look them up in the dictionary; guess meanings of them Lead-in Now, let’s look at a test from last exam: Not many people have heard the story of the Christmas Truce(休战). On Christmas Day, 1988, a local radio host in Boston played “Christmas in the Trenches”, a song about the Christmas Truce, several times and was stunned by his listeners’ response. Thousands of people called in, praising the song, with many moved to tears by the amazing events it described. 10. The underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 4 most probably means _____. A. satisfied B. shocked C. amused D. confused The choices of our classmates: A B C D 张翼 刘杰锋 孔祥楷 陈铮廷 向山林 付东成 （6人） 32人 李佳华 罗东杰 （2人） 阳洋 陈思宇 （2人） How to guess the meanings of words ？ In Reading Comprehension, some questions are often raised in this way: 1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means ______. ...... Step II: Methods of guessing word meanings 在词义猜测题的解题中，可以帮助理解词义的有效 信息，可划分为三个部分，即：语境、逻辑和构词 法。 语境中可以进行“定义”和“举例”； 逻辑中要考虑对比、并列、因果等关系； 构词法中的可用信息更多，例如前缀、后缀、 复合、转化等。 Context (1) It will be very hard but very brittle — that is, it will break easily. (2) The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. adj. 易碎的； n. 牧羊人 (3) In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Accept B. Employ C. Play with D. Fight against Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 (4) With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. (2014年，江西D) The underlined word “gadgets” is closet in meaning to ____. A. Tools B. Messages C. Barriers D. Skills Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。 常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。 Logic • Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. 2）But on the way up, Baumgartner’s faceplate began to fog up, making it hard for him to see. The team considered aborting the mission, but Baumgartner was able to fix the problem. The underlined word “aborting” in Paragraph 4 probably means ____ A. Cancelling B. changing C. observing D. assessing vi.vi. 不同意不同意 Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组） 猜测词义。表示对比的词有 but、while、 however、 otherwise 、unlike; instead, on the other hand... 3) By now paramedics (急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. (2014年 福建) The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “____”. A. astonished B. truck C. frightened D. excited Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、 近义词或词组猜测词义。 4) That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. Cause & Effect 因果法： 从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 With the help of conjunctions like: because, as，since，for，so，thus， as a result，therefore，so that， etc. adj.adj. 巨大的巨大的 Word Formation (05 广东卷E段) It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point. (04浙江卷D 段) We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. adj. 未被商业化的； 根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产）， 我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产； 规模生产的意思。 构词法中的可用信息更多，例如 前缀、后缀、复合、转化等 Step III: Inquiry-based Activities (I) Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 4. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住的 D. 动物 保护主义者 5. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C.爱说话的 D. 可爱的 6. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house 7. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”----the other 70 percent are in the middle. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”? •criticised B. grouped C. organised D. named Inquiry-based Activities (II) Passage 1 We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. Acceleration is the name for _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 2 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_______. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Conclusion 语境 逻辑 构词法 Definition 定义法 Example 例举法 Contrast 对比法 Similarity 相似法 Cause & effect 因果法 前缀、后缀、复合、转化…… 特别提示： 不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思； 不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特 定语境中的意思。 Thanks for your listening!