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Period 4 Grammar
I. Teaching aims:
Enable the students to understand the use of the past participle.
Improve Ss’ observing and summarizing ability.
Enable the students to use the past participle as
II. Teaching difficult and important points:
Enable the students to understand the use of the past participle.
III. Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Homework checking
1．Remind students of what they learnt in the last period.
2．Get students to read out their dialogue or short passage in front of the class.
Step 2. Observing
1. Ask students to find out the sentences with past participles used as object complement.
1) Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2) To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war.
3) However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form its own government.
2. Get students to work in pairs to translate these sentences.
Step 3. Summarize and understand
1. Page12. Discovering useful structures Exercise One.
2. Ask students to read the examples and draw a conclusion and some general usages of past participle as object complements. Teacher gives necessary explanations and how to use past participles as object complements.
Object complement
英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾补，句子才完整。
一、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1. 及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如： She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
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3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
2. 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Eg：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
4. “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）
注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（ fix one's eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing ）
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。
She felt her heart beating fast.她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）
三、掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。
3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如：
He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）
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四、区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语
一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作的执行者。试比较：
I found him lying on the grass just now. 我刚才发现他躺在草坪上。
I found him knocked down by a car. 我看到他被车撞了。
五、过去分词与不定式，现在分词作宾语补足语的区别
三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系,但是过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系,不定式强调动
发生的全过程,现在分词强调它们之间的主动关系.
I saw her come into the classroom.
I saw her coming into the classroom.
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
The missing boys were last seen near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
Step 4. Consolidation（work in groups of 4, and have a competition）
Page 50. Using structures
Exercise 1
1. Ask students to work in pairs of four.
2. Give them five minutes to finish the work and ask each group to choose the best answers. Let leader of each group read the best sentences they have written.
3. Ask students to choose the best sentences.
Exercise 2
1. Give them five minutes to finish the work.
2. Two in pairs exchange and talk about their answers.
3. Teacher gives the keys.
Step 5. A quize
I. Choose the best answers.
1. With trees, flowers and grass______everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.
A. planting B. planted C. to plant D. to be planted
2. Is this the recorder you want______?
A. to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. it repaired
3. She was glad to see her child well care of.
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking
4. He found them______at a table chess.
A.sat; to play B.sitting; to play C.seated; playing D.seat; play the
5. I can make you w hat I say, but you can't make yourself in English.
A.understand; understand B.understand; understood
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C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood
6. John rushed out in a hurry, the door .
A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlocking
C.left; unlocked D.to leave; unlocking
7. I have had my bike , and I'm going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.
A.repair; to repair B.repairing; to be repaired
C.repaired; repair D.to repair; repairing
8. the room ,the nurse found the tape recorder.
A.Entering; stealing B.Entering; gone
C.To have entered; being stolen D.Having entered; to be stolen
9. We are pleased to see the problem so quickly.
A.settled B.settling C.be settled D.having been settled
10. I have often heard the ABC Song, but I have never heard Alice it.
A.to be sung; to sing B.being sung; sang C.sung; sing D.sang; singing
11. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I'd like to have this package.
A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed
12. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had went wrong again.
A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired
13. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
14. With a lot of difficult problems, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
(keys: BACCB，ACBAC，DCDC)
II. Can you make sentences with past participles?
Examples:
1. I was very lucky to have my wallet picked in the street last weekend while I was doing some window–shopping with one of my friends.
2. I will have the battery of my digital cameral recharged after school.
3. I had a big parcel sent abroad to my cousin yesterday morning.
4. We went to see a film last night. But we found all the seats taken when we got to the cinema.
5. Something has gone wrong with my desktop computer, so I'll get it fixed this afternoon.
6. My father wants to have our house rebuilt at the end of this year, so he is busy making some preparations for it.
7. I did have no appetite last night, so I went to bed, leaving the food untouched.
Step 6. Homework
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1．佳句欣赏与背诵：The city found itself flooded over a night. So many terrified people were walking on the water - covered road. They found a frightened girl before a pub, trembling. All the drivers found their car engines…
2. Write a passage like the one above, using past participles as object complements.
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