冲刺2022年高考考英语阅读理解常考话题专练11 语言文化类常考热点

时事热点冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解语言文化类（解析版）(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C)话题:语言的消失　词数:304W　难度:★★★★　　Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuinea英语第27页（共27页） aloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展,很多语言逐渐消失。28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers...theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知,在狩猎时代虽然人口很少,但语言种类很多。29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.　　B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.英语第27页（共27页） 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的increasinglytakingover,意为“越来越占据统治地位”,可知dominant意为“占优势的;占支配地位的”,与C项同义。30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.以及第四段第一句中的thetotalof6,800languages可知答案为B。31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展,语言的种类越来越少,故C项为正确答案。【难句剖析】...andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.分析:ofwhich引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词,意为“相当;远远地”。翻译:……亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3200种语言,其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。英语第27页（共27页） (2018·全国卷Ⅲ·D)话题:简单的物品也能激发快乐　词数:307难度:★★★　　Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless. Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions.Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.英语第27页（共27页） Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要通过引导孩子主动捐献玩具,并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法阐述了一个生活哲理:简单的物品也能激发快乐。32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.可知,作者认为成年人都理解到处都是物品的那种感觉,后面又用反问句提出了问题:但是,说到孩子们和他们的物品,我们为什么通常又认定moreismore呢?由此推知,这里的moreismore与前面的floodedwith的意思呼应,指“越多越好”。故选A。【易错误区】本句容易误选为其他选项,原因在于学生不能正确理解文章开头两句话的真正含义,B项表示“够了就行了”;C项:Moremoney,moreworries.钱多烦恼多;D项:Earnmoreandspendmore.挣得多花得多;这几个选项均不符合语境。33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.英语第27页（共27页） C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund可知,女儿愿意卖几件玩具,是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的上学基金,可以推知女儿卖几件玩具的原因是想增加她的上学基金,故选C。34WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent’slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?可知,作者一直在试图想找到一个办法,让孩子们养成“物品少也能生活得很愉快”的习惯,为了找到这个办法,作者去和儿子Shepherd玩球,故答案选A。35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeitorLeaveitB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.英语第27页（共27页） 以及下文中的例子,证明了生活其实并不需要过多的外在物质,简单的生活一样可以过得很充实很精彩。因此C项符合题意。【易错误区】本题容易误选D。由于文章在第二段中提到了作者鼓励孩子们捐赠物品,可能会使学生误以为本篇文章目的在于讨论给予的乐趣,而忽略文章中提到的ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.暗含的关键信息。【难句剖析】Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?分析:这是一个主从复合句,主句是由Why引导的特殊疑问句,其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句,whenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings是时间状语从句,whenitcomesto意为“一谈到,就……而论”。翻译:说到孩子们和他们的物品,为什么我们就常常认为越多越好呢?(2018·北京卷·A)话题:体育运动　词数:330W　难度:★★MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.英语第27页（共27页） TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。尽管作者从7年级时就被老师认为是“非运动型”的,英语第27页（共27页） 但他在脚踝受伤的情况下,依然凭借着自己坚强的毅力成功地完成了第一次马拉松比赛。作者通过他的经历告诉我们:只要有决心、一往直前、摆脱世俗的标签,就一定能够获胜。36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor　　　. A.waswelltrained　　　B.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知,尽管作者比赛前受伤,但他依然决定要跑马拉松。37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.【解析】选C。推理判断题。结合最后一段可推知,作者在七年级的时候,老师就给作者贴上了“不善于运动”的标签。因此,作者提到那时的经历来表明他在运动方面没有天赋,为下文作者摆脱世俗的标签、挑战自我埋下伏笔。38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,作者历经艰难,最后成功地完成了马拉松比赛。39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.英语第27页（共27页） B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。作者通过第一次参加马拉松比赛的经历告诉我们:挑战自我、拥有坚强的意志力是赢得胜利的关键。【难句剖析】WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.分析:本句为主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句。runningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic作动词realized的宾语。翻译:当我三十多岁开始跑步的时候,我意识到跑步是对抗自己的一场战争,不是为了比赛或者为了证明我是否是擅长运动的。(2018·天津卷·A)话题:大学生应注意校园生活中与防火相关的信息　词数:363W　难度:★★　　FirePreventionInformation`　　TheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarms英语第27页（共27页） Thefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:·TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit,donotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.英语第27页（共27页） ·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.【文章大意】本文属于应用文。文章通过介绍防火信息、火警、消防演习、灭火器的使用、火灾探测器几个方面告诉大学生注意校园生活中防火、灭火、逃生等方面的知识。36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinklersystems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers.”可知:专业防火人员的职责是检查校园建筑并负责测试和维护灭火设备。37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段第二句中的“automaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers”可知“自动火警报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置组成。”英语第27页（共27页） 38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould　　　. A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.”可知答案。39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.”可知“滥用灭火器会招致罚款。”40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould　　　. A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第五段中三点提示中的第一点可知“当烟雾探测器不能正常工作的时候,红灯是不闪动的,你应该通知宿舍工作人员以保障系统的正常运行”。英语第27页（共27页） 【难句剖析】Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.分析:并列连词and连接了两个动宾结构。翻译:不负责任地使用灭火器可能会对其他住宿人员造成危险状况并且也有可能导致危害私人财产。(2018·江苏卷·　D)话题:社交媒体对儿童的影响　词数:655　　难度:　★★★　　Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren’sCommissioner(专员)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.英语第27页（共27页） Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were“startingtofeelhappy”whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere“concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts”,suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia”.Shesaid:“Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.”Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves”.MissLongfieldadded:“Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon’tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.”“Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally.”TheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland’sstudy—LifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.英语第27页（共27页） However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso“takemoreresponsibility”.Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren’scharityBarnardo’s,said:“It’svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”英语第27页（共27页） 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一份研究报告,英国儿童正在受到社交媒体的影响,他们过度关注自己在媒体上的形象,而干扰了他们的正常情感发展,以至于在现实社交中显得不能适应。同时也提出了一些建议。65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.【解析】选B。细节理解题。第三段中withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline解释了中学生感到压力的原因。66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause　　　. A.theydidn’tadequatelychecktheirusers’registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn’tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.可知,虽然有些社交软件要求用户必须至少13岁,但是仍然在儿童中流行。由此判断,一些社交软件公司执行规则不严格,应该负责任。67.Children’scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto　　　. A.lessfriendlinesstoeachother英语第27页（共27页） B.lowerself-identityandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonline【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第九段中hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves可知,孩子们在网上与别人相比,会严重损害他们的自我认同感,自信,从而影响他们自我发展的能力。68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto　　　. A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirpostsC.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval【解析】选D。细节理解题。在第十一,十二,十三段中依次介绍了随着孩子年龄的增长,他们越来越在乎自己在网络上的形象,维护自己在网上良好形象的压力越来越大。69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren’suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.英语第27页（共27页） 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一句It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.可知,家长应该知道孩子在使用哪些社交软件,与C选项中的keeptrackof意义一致。70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.【解析】选A。主旨大意题,根据第一段Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,可知本文主要讲述社交媒体对孩子的影响。【难句剖析】MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia”.分析:MissLongfieldwarnedthat...为主句部分;that引导宾语从句,从句的主要结构是:agenerationriskedgrowing...;引号中为and连接的两个形容词短语作状语,worriedabout...andincreasinglyanxiousabout...。翻译:朗菲尔德女士警告说,一代孩子在成长过程中可能会“担心自己的外表和形象,这是他们在平台上追求不现实生活方式的结果,还由于他们对社交媒体的持续需求,他们越来越担心自己会下线。”(2018·11月浙江卷·B)英语第27页（共27页） 话题:暑假词数:265难度:★★★ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents’homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn’talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars(日历),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Ruralschoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestforteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors’concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.Butpeople’sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships(实习)orstudy,there’sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.英语第27页（共27页） 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国暑假的由来,以及人们对于美国现行学年制度的不同看法。24.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A.Enjoyasummervacation.B.Takeabreakeachquarter.C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“Ruralschoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.”可知在内战前,春、秋两季时,农村的校历制度可以让孩子们帮助父母做农活。故选D。25.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一中的“Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendars...”以及第二句中的“Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:”可知,19世纪40年代的教育改革家们引进了暑假。故选A。26.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodemU.S.schoolyear?A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.英语第27页（共27页） B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知,2007年发布的两项教育报告中,美国高中生的数学技能以及毕业率都低于世界平均水平,一些专家认为懒散的暑假是造成这一现象的的原因之一,即暑假降低了教育质量。故选B。【难句剖析】Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.分析:本句的主干为:Someexpertssay+省略that的宾语从句。itspleasantbutlazysummerbreak为宾语从句主语,谓语和宾语部分为isoneofthereasons。whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury为非限定性定语从句修饰summerbreak。mathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007为省略关系副词why的定语从句修饰reasons。翻译:在2007年发表的两份国际教育报告中,美国高中生的数学能力和毕业率远低于平均水平,一些专家认为导致这一现象的原因之一就是美国从21世纪初期开始实施的愉快而慵懒的暑假。(2018·11月浙江卷·C)话题:阅读词数:323难度:★★★英语第27页（共27页） Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions:toattackonebigbookfromthepast,aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental:"MobyDick"onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip;“TheMagicMountain"inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.Attempting"TheManWithoutQualities"onareturntoHawaii,mynativestate,however,waslessfruitful:Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册),thendecidedthatI’dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy."There’salways"WarandPeace,"whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War"part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine,”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature. Andthenthere’sStendhal’s“TheRedandtheBlack”,whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer,createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink,andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconi’stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid."Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark,makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce,lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut,sunbeatingthroughthelids...英语第27页（共27页） 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者每年夏天都会选一本经典名著来读,以及今天夏天选书时的困惑。27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.HehasacottageinNewEngland.B.Heshowstalentsforliterature.C.Heenjoysreadingwhentraveling.D.Headmiresalotofgreatwriters.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘MobyDick’onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip”;“‘TheMagicMountain’inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottage”;“‘TheManWithoutQualities’onareturntoHawaii”等可知这几本书都是在作者的旅途中读的。故选C。28.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inparagraph2mean?A.Getconfused.B.Becarriedaway.C.Beinterrupted.D.Makenoprogress.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据该句中的“setitasideforawhile”以及“havetostartoverfromthebeginningagain”可知,作者每次读《战争与和平》时,读到战争这部分都会停滞不前,把它放到一边,然后再从头开始。故选D。29.Whydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslikecheating?A.Hefinishesthemquickly.B.Heshouldreadsomethingserious.C.Hebarelyunderstandsthem.D.Hehasreadthemmanytimesbefore.英语第27页（共27页） 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一句中的“aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious”以及第二段最后一句中的“whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature”可知,作者认为自己读的书趣味性太强,不能属于严肃文学这一类,这违背了最初自己想要读自己年轻时应该读而没读的书的意愿,所以感觉像作弊。故选B。30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBooksofSummerB.MySummerHolidaysC.ToReadorNottoReadD.It’sNeverTooLatetoRead【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了自己每年夏天都要读一本名著,以及读书时的场景,第二三段讲述了今年夏天读书的困惑和情景,故文章主要讲了夏天和书。故选A。【难句剖析】There’salways“WarandPeace”,whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War"part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.分析:主句部分是There’salways“WarandPeace”,其后为which引导的定语从句,其中only用在不定式前表示结果出人意料,getboggeddown,setitaside和realizethat为并列动词短语,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank为现在分词短语作状语修饰前面的并列动词短语。英语第27页（共27页） 翻译:读《战争与和平》时,每次读到“战争”部分就会停滞不前,把它放在一边,然后就会忘记每个人的名字和社会地位,又不得不从头开始读。英语第27页（共27页） 英语第27页（共27页）