小升初英语总复习语法名词完 美

指人或事物的名称的 词． 第一讲：名 词 Noun—n. 名词 专有名词：特定的人，地点等．（首字母大写） 例：New York, Yao Ming 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 能够以数计算的事物的名词 不能以数计算的事物的名词 单数名词 复数名词 ？ 例：液体，气体等。milk, water, air… 例：pen, student, flowers… 普通名词：指一般的人，事物或抽象名词等. 例：apple, pen, doctor ，love 金木水火土，肉面食茶布 可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化） １．直接在名词后加～s 例：cake---cakes, leg---legs 2. 在以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词后加～ es 例： dress-dresses, dish-dishes, watch- watches, box---boxes 3. 以o结尾的名词,一般加～s ， 但 negro , hero, tomato, potato之后加～es 顺口溜：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。 可数名词的单数变复数（规则变化） ４．以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y改为 i再加～es ： 例：city---cities, family---families 5.以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再 加～es 例：leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives 但是下列单词直接加s, chief(首领), roof(屋顶), gulf(海湾) 顺口溜：首领在屋顶看海湾。 巧记以f或fe结尾的名称 树叶半数自己黄 妻子拿刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像盗贼逃命亡 leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf thief life 名词单数变复数的发音规则 情况 构成方法 读音规则 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s (1)清辅音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/等后读/s/ maps , books , boats (2)在浊辅/b/,/d/,/g/,/η/,/l/,/m/,/n/等和 元音后读/z/ verbs , birds , bags , kings , hills , names , pens , cars , trees 以-s , -sh , -ch , -x 结尾的名词 词尾加-es 读/iz/ buses , watches , wishes , boxes 以-o结尾的名词 词尾加-s或-es 读/z/ radios , kangaroos , heroes , potatoes 以-y结尾的名词 (1)以辅音字母+y结尾的 名词，变y为i加-es 读/iz/ cities , babies (2)以元音字母+y结尾的 名词，加s 读/z/ days , boys , toys 以f或fe结尾的名 词 变f或fe为v，再加es 读/vz/ knives , leaves 写出下列各词的复数形式： 1. tomato 2.city 3. boy 4. radio 5.self 6.fly 7. photo 8.house 9.box 10. wife 11.Sunday 12.class 13.zoo 14.exam 15. beach 16.wish 17. glass 18.leaf 19.student 20. baby 21.potato 1.单复数同形的名词： 中国人，日本人都非常喜欢绵羊，鱼和鹿． 　 Chinese Japanese sheep fish deer 可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化） 2.单复数不同形（特殊名词的变化）： 1)改变中间元音 foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men woman—women mouse-mice 2)词尾加-en或-ren child—children ox—oxen 3）mouse—mice老鼠 总结：男人，女人a变e,小孩后加ren，公牛后加en,老 鼠mouse变mice, 鹅的牙和脚oo变ee， 可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化） 写出下列各词的复数形式： tomato, city, boy, radio, leaf, fly, photo, mouse,box,wife ,Sunday, class, Chinese ,zoo ,exam ,German ,sheep, fish, beach ,wish, glass, leaf, student, deer, baby, potato 句子单数变复数： 1.Be动词的改变：am/is---are 2.代词的变化： I—we he/she/it—they me—us him/her/it—them my—our his/her/its—their this—these that– those 3. 去掉a或an 4. 名词单数变成复数 Exercises 用所给名词的适当形式填空: 1. Are there any (peach) on the table? 2. They are some young (woman). 3. The (children) is playing in the garden. 4. Some (goose) are swimming in the river. 5. Would you like some (fish)? 6. How many (radio) can you see on the bookcase? 7. Are there any (boy) in the library? 8. One policeman caught three (thief) yesterday. Exercises 请用is/are填空． 1.There some water in the bottle. 2.There an orange on the table. 3.There many fish in the pool. 4.There some leaves on the ground. 名词中表示所有关系的形式 所有格的构成方式 1. 由名词加’s构成，通常用来表示 有生命的东西 2. 由 of加名词构成，通常用来表示 没有生命的东西 Ⅰ. ’s所有格 １．名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加 ’s，读法和名 词复数发音规则一样。 如： Mary’s letter , the girl’s story ,Miss Liu’s students 2. 复数名词所有格的变化形式 （1）如果是以-s或-es结尾，它的所有格是在名词后加“’” 。 如：the twins’ bedroom the students’ books （2）如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾，它的所有格 是直接加’s。 如：a children’s book(儿童读物) the men’s shoes 3. 如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时，只在后面一个名词后 加’s。 如：Lucy and Lily’s book ４．如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时， 它的所有格是在两个名后都加上’s。 如： Lucy’s and Lily’s books Ⅱ.由of+名词构成的所有格 由of+名词构成的所有格通常用来表示无生命的东西 的所有关系。 如：the four legs of a desk a map of China the capital of America Exercises 请用How much/How many填空． 1. juice do you want? 2. bottles of juice do you want? 3. people are there in your family? 4. pencils do you have? 5. mutton is there in the fridge? 名词所有格练习 Translate these phase below. 教室的窗户 美国的首都 桌子的四条腿 学校的大门 老师们的办公室 男人们的衣服 Linda的课本 Peter和Bill的爸爸 奶奶的眼镜 Lucy’s mother and Lily’s mother teachers of our school the foot of the hill Homework 1. 复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则． 2. 写出20个不可数名词（1+1） 3. 写出30个可数名词，并写出其复数形式（1+1） family father, mother son, daughter rain, rainwater anger （怒气，怒火） Father and mother I love you. 一. 名词分类 Which kind of nouns is it? ⑴ 专有名词 (proper nouns) ⑵ 普通名词 (common nouns) ①可数名词 (countable nouns) A. 个体名词 (individual nouns) B. 集体名词 (collective nouns) ②不可数名词 (uncountable nouns) A. 物质名词 (material nouns) B. 抽象名词 (abstract nouns) Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) 真题再现： 3. Jane eats a _________. A. bread B. milk C. burger D. meat (10一八) (11郑中) (09一中) C C B4.They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ? A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. any bottle of milk 2.– would you like something to drink, Tara? -Yes, I’d like some _________. A. sandwiches B. hot dogs C. water D. bread 二. 英语中的不可数名词 口诀： (1) 可数和不可数的辨析 Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) 6. We need a/an ______ to make a decision (决定). A. information B. advice C. idea D. news (09一中) (09北京) 5. ---___________ weather! It’s raining. ---Bad luck! We can’t go for a picnic today. A. What a bad B. What bad C. What good D. What a good 真题再现： 7. It’s very difficult to find a (job / work) at the moment. (10武汉) B C job Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) (3) 既可作可数又可作不可数的名词 8. Shop assistant: What would you like? Sue: I’d like a duck. 苏的意思是：_____ A. 她喜欢鸭子。 B. 她要点鸭肉。 C. 她喜欢鸭肉。 D. 她要一只鸭子。 (10一八) 真题再现： D (3) 既可作可数又可作不可数的名词 (11年一八) 真题再现2： CHelp yourself to . A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. chickens Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) 真题再现： 13. There are some ______ (toy) in my room. (11外国语) 12. They are also trying to send people’s emails, ____ (photo) and ____ (video) into space. (09枫杨) 9. Tom and Jim are their babies. (根据上句填空) →Tom is their _____. (08一八) 10. They are in the same classes. (改错)→______ (08北京) 11. How many _____ (knife) are there in the room ? (09外国语) baby class knives photos videos toys 三. 可数名词单复数的规则变化 口诀1： 口诀3： 口诀4： Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) 真题再现： (09枫杨) (10北京) 15. Some ___ came to our school yesterday. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies (07一中) 17. ____ are so interested in action (武打片) films. A. People B. Peoples C. The people D. The peoples (08郑中) A A A 14.The teachers have two to live in. A.woman; room B. women; rooms C. woman; rooms D. women; room B 16. There are five under the tree. A.sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheeps 真题再现： 19. Mr. Smith has two ______. A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens 20. There are sixty-seven ___ in our school. A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher (09一中) (10外国语) (11实验) C C B 18.The little baby has two already. A.tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 四. 可数名词单复数的不规则变化 两个男工人 两个女工人 两个小孩 3个中国人 3条鱼 4只绵羊 4只鹿 5只鹅 5英尺 6颗牙齿 6个女人 7只脚 7个男人 Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) 真题再现： (09枫杨) (09北京) (10一中) (08一八) 22. The room is those________ living room. A. twins B. twin’s C. twin D. twins’ 23. ___________ sister is an English teacher. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim’s and Kate’s C. Jim’s and Kate D. Jim and Kate’s 24. Find the answer ________ the question, please. A. of B. with C. to D. for B D D C 21.Whose bike is it? It’s ____________. A. John B. John’s C. Johns’ D. Johns 五. 名词的所有格 口诀： Try it!(比一比) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes correctly (正确完成) in time gets one yuan) ☻ Say “Bingo” when you finish …; (Who finishes first (首先) gets one yuan) Summary(总结归纳) 名词的分类 不可数名词的辨析和考点 可数名词的单复数 (规则变化和不规则变化) 名词的所有格 Homework ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ Signature.