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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking—知识梳理
1．lead to 导致；造成
2．be similar to 与……相似
3．if any 如果有的话
4．be confused by 被...弄混
5．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
be puzzled by 被……迷惑
6．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
join in 参加；加入
join sb.in (doing) sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
I'm sure you will all wish to join me in thanking our speaker tonight.
我相信大家都愿意和我一起感谢咱们今晚的发言人。
He was eighteen years old when he joined the army.他 18 岁参军。
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7．add to 增加；增添
8．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
①John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了。
②Never break in while others are talking.别人说话的时候千万别插嘴。
③The elevators in that building are always breaking down．
那幢楼里的电梯总出故障。
④It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
9．result in 导致；造成；引起
=cause/bring about/lead to
as a result 因此，结果
result from 因……产生；起因于……
as a result of 由于……，作为……的结果
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10．refer to 涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅；参考
refer...to...问询，归类，提交
refer to...as 把……称作，把……当作
11．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物；行李
(1)belong to 属于
(2)belong in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
①The girl from a big city could not seem to belong in the countryside.
这位来自大城市的姑娘似乎无法适应农村。
②China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
注意：belong to 中的 to 是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，
形式为“...belonging to”。
12．be known as 作为……而生活；被称作……
13．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
as well as 连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定
式等。重点掌握以下要点：
1)as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
2)as well as 位于句首，相当于 besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
3)as well as 也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well 为副词。
①We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
②As well as being a photographer，she is a talented musician.
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她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。
③Dashan speaks Chinese as well as a native speaker.大山汉语说得同本地人一样好。
注意：不能使用“A，B，as well as C”结构，但可使用“A as well as B and C”或“A and B as well as C”
结构。
14．defence n．防御；保卫→defend vt .防护；防卫
1)in defence (of ...) 为了保卫(……)
2)defend...from/against... 保卫……以免受……
⑤In defence of our nation，many soldiers lost their lives.
为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
⑥Their duty is to defend the country against/from its enemies.
他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人。
15．legal adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegally adv.违法地；非法地→illegal adj.非法的
16．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
1)be surrounded by... 被……包围、环绕
2)surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
3)be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings 位于优美的环境中
Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
17．take over 接收；接管
18．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.完成；达到
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19．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
1)There is some/no evidence that... (没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
2)It's evident that... 很明显……
There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
The first signs of spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显而易见。
注意：在“There is some/no evidence that...”句型中，that 引导的是同位语从句，说明 evidence 的具体内
容，而且 There 不可以改为 It。
20．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响，伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
break one's word 失信；食言；失约
Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.
你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红运动衫的小男孩。
We must make some practical measures to keep students free from too much homework.
我们必须制定一些切实有效的措施，使学生避免做过多的作业。
She said she would be there at seven o'clock，and he thought she would keep her word.
她说她会在 7 点到达，他认为她会守信用的。
21．leave behind 把……丢在后面；留下；忘带
22．location n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.位于→locate vt.使坐落于 vi.定位；定居
23．date back to 追溯到……
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24．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n．魅力
重点句型
1．So what is the difference between them，if any?
如果有，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
2．Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
3．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the
full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在 20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
4．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military
defence.
他们使用同样的旗帜，被称为“英国国旗”，也有相同的货币和军事防御。
5．They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
6．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
7．There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。
8．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
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学习这个国家的历史将使你的游览更加愉快。
9．The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the
way back to Roman times.
首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
10．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
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