2021届高考英语语法过去分词作状语导学案

过去分词作状语 (1) 过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果，相当于一个状语 从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 a. 过去分词作时间状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 ◆ Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. →When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。 ◆ Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. →When he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。 b. 过去分词作原因状语 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由 since, because 或 as 引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多 放在句子的前半部分。 ◆ Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days. →Because I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days. 由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。 c. 过去分词作条件状语 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为 if, once 或 unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 ◆ Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. →If they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ◆ Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the report. →If I am given a few minutes, I’ll finish the report. 再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个报告。 d. 过去分词作让步状语 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以 though/although 引导的让步状语从句。 ◆ Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. →Though he was encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。 ◆ Invited by him, I won’t take part in the party. →Though I was invited by him, I won’t take part in the party. 即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。 e. 过去分词作方式/伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。 ◆ The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse. →The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse. 那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。 ◆ She accepted the gift, deeply moved. →She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。 提示： a. 值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述 主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿着); tired of(厌烦)。 ◆ Lost in thought, he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 典型例题： (2018·北京卷) Ordinary soap，__________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 【答案】used 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。use 与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词 used。 b. 过去分词作状语常见结构： _______ (动词)，S+V+O S+V+O, _______ (动词) S, _______ (动词)，+V+O （2）过关检测 一、判断下列过去分词所作状语类型。 A. 时间状语 B.原因状语 C. 条件状语 D.让步状语 E.方式/伴随状语 1.【★★☆】Given enough water and sunlight, the plant will grow to three metres. 2.【★★☆】Divided into three groups, the students began to discuss the topic left over last time. 3.【★★☆】Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 4.【★★☆】Supported by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university. 5.【★★☆】Seen from the top of a thirtystorey building, Beijing looks more splendid. 6.【★★☆】Faced with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 7.【★★☆】Judging from the number of cars, there were many people at the meeting. 【答案】1.条件状语 2.时间状语 3.原因状语 4.原因状语 5.时间状语 6.原因状语 7.伴随状语 二、单句填空 1.【★☆☆】Yesterday we were deeply __________ (move) by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou. 【答案】moved 【解析】句意：昨天，我们被张一谋导演的电影深深地感动了。 2.【★☆☆】I am very __________ (delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the longdistance race. 【答案】delighted 【解析】句意：听到我哥哥在长跑中获得第一名的消息，我很高兴。 3.【★☆☆】We were all __________ by the __________ speech made by the wellknown teacher. (inspire) 【答案】inspired, inspiring 【解析】句意：我们都受到著名老师鼓舞人心的演讲的启发。 4.【★☆☆】My parents were __________ (satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation. 【答案】satisfied 【解析】句意：我们都受到著名老师的鼓舞人心演讲的启发。 5.【★☆☆】Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting __________ (bore). 【答案】bored 【解析】句意：托尼真的很有趣，当他认为我们越来越无聊时，他会讲笑话。 6.【★★☆】__________ (guide) by an artist, the girl made great progress. 【答案】Guided 【解析】句意：受到一位艺术家的指导，这个女孩取得了很大的进步。句中 the girl 与 guide 为被动关系。 7.【★★☆】Though __________ (defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart. 【答案】defeated 【解析】句意：虽然失败很多次，但这个人并没有灰心。句中 defeat 与 the man 为被动关系。 8.【★☆☆】__________ (move) by this music, he said,“It was like seeing color for the first time. ” 【答案】Moved 【解析】句意：受到音乐的感动，他说：“这就像第一次看到色彩”。句中 move 与 he 为被动 关系。 9.【★★☆】__________ (praise) by the head teacher, Amy was excited all day. 【答案】praised 【解析】句意：受到班主任的表扬，Amy 一整天都很激动。句中 praise 与 Amy 为被动关系。 10.【★☆☆】Completely __________ (examine) by the doctors, Mr. Lee went back to work right now. 【答案】examined 【解析】句意：李先生被医生检查后现在就回去工作了。句中 examine 与 Mr. Lee 为被动关 系 三、单项选择 1.【★★☆】__________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他陷入沉思，差点撞上前面的车。 2.【★☆☆】If __________ the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. gave 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果再给予同样的治疗，他肯定会康复的。动词 give 与逻辑主语 he 为被动 关系。 3.【★☆☆】__________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. A. Compare B. when comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 【答案】D 【解析】句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。连词 when 引导状语 从句，compared 表被动。 4.【★★☆】She felt rather __________ that she couldn’t drive the car at such a __________ speed. A. frightening; frightening B. frightened; frightened C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightened 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她感到相当害怕，因为她不能以如此可怕的速度驾驶汽车。单词 frightened： 人感到害怕的，frightening：令人害怕的。 5.【★★☆】I was very __________ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there. A. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我到那里的时候，我很沮丧的发现所有的票都卖光了。单词 disappointed： 感到沮丧的、失望的。