高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(十八)
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高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(十八)

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时间:2021-04-09

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2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(十八) 2020全国二卷(C篇) When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says , “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 词块梳理 1:figure n. 图形;数字;(人的)体形;人物;画像;价格 vi. 出现;计算;扮演角色 vt. 描绘;计算;认为;象征 时 态: figured, figuring, figures 近义词: [n.] illustration, body, organic structure, physical structure, integer, whole number, model [v.] evaluate, pass judgment, judge, be, imagine, conceive of, ideate 词组 | 习惯用语 public figure 社会名人 figure out 解决;算出;想出;理解;断定 figure in 算进;包括进 father figure n. 长者;父亲般的人物;领袖 good figure 良好图形;良型 figure on [美口]指望;[英口]打算;料想;把…估计在内 figure of speech 修辞;比喻说法 figure skating 花式溜冰 figure it out 弄明白;搞定它 figure for 谋取;企图获得 go figure 猜猜看;想想看吧 ballpark figure 大略估计 key figure 关键人物 geometric figure 几何图形 noise figure 噪声因数 figure as 扮演…角色 figure of merit 品质因数;灵敏值 plane figure 平面图形 pole figure 极像图 action figure 动作人物;可动人型;玩具人;活动人 2:environmentalist n. 环境保护论者, 人类生态学者 近义词: [n.] reformer, reformist, crusader, social reformer, meliorist 词组 | 习惯用语 environmentalist n. 环保人士;环境论者;研究环境问题的专家 短语: The Skeptical Environmentalist 持怀疑论的环保主义者 Environmentalist Movement 环保运动 an environmentalist 环境保护人士 environmentalist t 环境保护者; 环境保护论者; 环保人士; sentimental environmentalist 感情用事的环境保护论者 environmentalist ideas 环境主义思想 The Environmentalist 环境学家 environmentalist contingent 环境保护团体 Obligation of environmentalist 绿色环保 3:ecological adj. 生态(学)的 近义词: [adj.] ecology, bionomics, environmental science 词组 | 习惯用语 ecological environment 生态环境 ecological system 生态系统 ecological balance 生态平衡 ecological construction 生态建设;生态建筑 ecological agriculture 生态农业 ecological footprint 生态足迹,生态脚印 ecological crisis 生态危机 ecological engineering 生态工程;生态工程学 ecological benefit 生态效益,生态效应 ecological effect 生态效应 ecological condition 生态条件;生态环境 ecological process 生态过程 ecological damage 生态破坏 ecological management 生态治理;符合生态原则的管理 ecological equilibrium 生态平衡 ecological efficiency 生态效率;生态效应;生态等值 ecological forest n. 生态林 ecological community 生态社区;生态群落 ecological factor 生态因子;生态因素 ecological distribution 生态分布 4:fur n. 毛皮;皮,皮子;软毛 vt. 用毛皮覆盖;使穿毛皮服装 时 态: furred, furring, furs 近义词: [n.] animal skin, coat, pelage, garment 词组 | 习惯用语 fur coat 皮毛大衣 fox fur 狐皮 fur garment 裘皮服装 artificial fur 人造毛皮 fur hat 裘皮帽 fake fur 人造革;假裘皮;仿造皮毛 fur seal 海狗;腽肭兽;毛皮海豹 5:destroy vt. 毁坏;破坏;消灭 时 态: destroyed, destroying, destroys 近义词: [v.] unmake, undo, get the better of, overcome, defeat, kill 解析: break: 普通用词,指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏,可指有形或无形的破坏。 destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再修复的意味。 ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的彻底性,也可用于引申意义。 wreck: 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏,也可指计划、健康受到 损害。 damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。 spoil: 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值,而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。 6:understand vt. & vi. 懂; 理解 vt. 听说, 获悉; 知道, 认为 词组|习惯用语 understand vt. 理解;懂;获悉;推断;省略;明白; vi. 理解;懂得;熟悉; understandable adj. 可以理解的;可以了解的 understander n. 理解程序;理解器 understanding n. 谅解,理解;理解力;协议; adj. 了解的;聪明的;有理解力的; v. 理 解;明白(understand 的 ing 形式); understood adj. 被充分理解的;心照不宣的; v. 明白;懂得(understand 的过去分词); 熟悉; empathic understanding 移情性理解 we understand 我们明白 deepen understanding 加深理解; 深化认识; international understanding 国际间相互谅解;国际间的了解 easily understood 容易理解(understood 是 understand 的过去分词) 短语: Understood 明白; 心动步解; 理解; 明白了; Understanding 理解; 谅解; 认识; 默契; Understandable 无可厚非; 可以理解的; 可理解的; 理解; Understand 明白; 理解; 懂; 了解; First understand Then understood 先理解别人 understand comprehend 领会; 明白; Understand Here 请理解这里 understand distinctly 清晰地理解 7:concerned adj. 担心的, 烦恼的, 忧虑的 近义词: [adj.] afraid, haunted, obsessed, preoccupied, solicitous, involved 反义词: [n.] unconcerned, uninvolved, unrelated 词组 | 习惯用语 concerned with 关心;涉及;忙于;与…有关 concerned about 关心;担忧 the parties concerned 当事人;有关方面;协议双方;当事者 party concerned 有关当事人 authorities concerned 有关当局;主管部门 be concerned in 与…有关 units concerned 有关单位 8: handle n. 柄;把手;手感;口实 vt. 买卖;处理;操作;触摸;运用 vi. 易于操纵;搬运 时 态: handled, handling, handles 近义词: [n.] appendage [v.] control, command, interact, broach, initiate, touch, manipulate 解析: deal with: 既可指处理具体事情,也可指处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题。 cope with: 指成功地处理或对付更为重大,更为严重的问题或事物。 dispose of: 与 deal with 同义,普通用法。 manage: 指处理日常事务与工作,也可指经营管理。 handle: 从原义“手柄”,转引申为作“处理”解时,其内涵是管理和操纵。 词组 | 习惯用语 handle with 处理 door handle 门把手 get a handle on [口语]控制,掌握,驾驭,左右 long handle 长手柄;[板球]全力击球 handle with care 小心轻放;小心装卸 handle bar 把手;车把 lever handle 手柄;杠杆手柄;杆式手柄;手柄操纵杆 metal handle 金属拉手 lock handle n. 门把;带锁门把 selection handle 选择控点 control handle 控制柄;操纵手柄 up to the handle [美国口语]彻底地,极度地 handle a case 办案 brake handle 闸把,闸柄;制动手把 grab handle 扶手;握柄;车顶安全把手 operating handle 操作手柄;操纵杆 9:trade 1. n. 贸易,交易;行业;职业 2. vi. 交易,买卖;以物易物 词组|习惯用语 trades n. 交易;贸易(trade 的复数);商业,各种营业; v. 交易(trade 的第三人称单 数形式); heavy trading 交投畅旺 proprietary trader 自营交易员 entrepot trade 转口贸易 trade flows 贸易流量; 贸易流通(trade flow 的复数); trade journal n. 行业杂志,行业刊物 global trade 国际贸易,全球贸易 transit trade 转口贸易;[贸易] 过境贸易 trade discount [贸易] 商业折扣 good trade 好生意 10:collapsed vi. 倒塌;瓦解;暴跌 vt. 使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷 n. 倒塌;失败;衰竭 时 态: collapsed, collapsing, collapses 名 词: collapsibility 近义词: [n.] illness, unwellness, malady, sickness, mishap, misadventure, mischance [v.] change, suffer, sustain, have, get, fold, fold up 解析: collapse: 通常指房屋等突然倒塌。 fall: 一般指由于失去平衡等原因而倒塌,也可作引申用。 词组 | 习惯用语 collapse mechanism 破坏机构 collapse strength 抗挤强度;破裂强度 collapse load 损毁荷载,极限载荷;破坏负荷;临界纵向荷载 11:multiply vt. & vi. 乘, (使)相乘;(使)增加;(使)繁殖 时 态: multiplied, multiplying, multiplies 近义词: [v.] calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure [adv.] multiple 反义词: [n.] divide, fraction [n.] singly 解析: enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。 amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述 或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。 expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。 increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。 magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大;也指事实上把某物增大, 有时用于夸张意味。 multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长,有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增 加。 augment: 较正式用词,一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。 词组 | 习惯用语 multiply by 乘以;乘上 12: convince vt. 使确信,使信服;说服 时 态: convinced, convincing, convinces 形容词: convincible 近义词: [v.] persuade 解析: induce: 指用讲道理来使某人做某事。 persuade: 普通用词,指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的 事。 urge: 语气强,指不断地热情地规劝诱导。 convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。 counsel: 较正式用词,指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正 式场合,但仍强调严肃的一面。 coax: 指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。 词组 | 习惯用语 convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的; v. 使相信;使明白(convince 的 现在分词); convinced adj. 确信的;深信的; v. 使确信(convince 的过去分词);说服; convince by 通过…使人相信 convincing evidence 令人信服的证据 be convinced 相信;确信;心悦诚服 convince of 使确信 convincing case 有说服力的案例 be convinced of 确信;认识到 convince oneself of 充分弄明白 convince these students 说服学生 13: promote vt. 提升, 提拔,筹划, 发起, 创立,推销,〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进 时 态: promoted, promoting, promotes 近义词: [v.] support, back up, delegate, designate, depute, assign, praise 反义词: [n.] demote, bump, relegate, break, kick downstairs 词组 | 习惯用语 promote sales 促销;推销商品 promote reform 促进改革 promote cooperation 促进合作 promote the sale 促销推销 14:opt vi. 选择 时 态: opted, opting, opts 解析: choose: 普通用词,侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,着重被选者的 优点。 select: 书面用词,具有庄严、正式的感情色彩。强调精选。 elect: 指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。 pick: 口语用词,多指从个人角度仔细挑选,也含任意挑选之意。 prefer: 强调个人偏爱,不一定有选择的行动。 opt: 多指在几种可能性之间进行选择。 词组 | 习惯用语 opt in 选择参加 opt out 决定退出;插播;请求免除 opting out 拒绝接受特别提款权分配额的权力; 退出权; opt for 选择 opt out of 决定不参加...;决定(从...)退出

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