2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(二十)
2020全国三卷(B篇)
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of
excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red
paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had
arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture ( 动 作 捕 捉 ) technology to create
digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s
performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this
case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals
lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed
entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of
films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the
anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has
activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there
are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as
closely as productions filmed in the Sates.
词块梳理
1:rise
vi. 升高, 上升; 上涨, 增高;站起来; 起床;起义; 反抗
n. 上升, 升起,增加, 增长,兴起; 发展,斜坡, 高岗
时 态: rose risen rising, rises
近义词:
[n.] emergence, outgrowth, growth, motion, movement, move, slope
[v.] travel, go, move, locomote, grow, change posture, look
反义词:
[n.] fall, downfall
[n.] descend, fall, go down, come down, set, go under
解析:
arise: 书面用词,多用于诗歌或比喻中,具有特殊的修辞色彩。
rise: 普通用词,指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise: 及物动词,常用词,多指把某物从低处升到高处,有时作引申用。
lift: 语气比 raise 强,指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
词组 | 习惯用语
on the rise 在增加;在上涨
give rise to 使发生,引起
temperature rise 温升;温度上升
rise up 上升;起义;叛变
rise and fall 涨落;抑扬
rise from 从…升起,由…复活
rise above 克服;不受…的影响
rise in value 价值升高
rise again 死而复生
rise by 上升到…;增长了…
rise in price 涨价
high rise 高楼大厦,高层建筑
sharp rise 激增;激涨
pay rise 加薪
rise against 起来反抗
rise time 上升时间;上沿时间;升压时间;升起时间;增长时间;生成时间
pressure rise 压力上升;增压;升压
high rise building 高层建筑物
rise in temperature 温度上升
2:gather
vt. 收集;使…聚集;收割;使…皱起
vi. 聚集;化脓;皱起
n. 衣褶;聚集;收获量
时 态: gathered, gathering, gathers
名 词: gatherer
近义词:
[n.] sewing, stitchery, collection, collecting, assembling, aggregation
[v.] interact, increase, reason, reason out, conclude, sew, run up
反义词:
[n.] spread, distribute
解析:
accumulate: 几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加,侧重连续不断地,一点一滴地
聚积。
amass: 着重大量地积聚,尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。
collect: 普通用词,多用于指物,侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把
零散物集中起来。
gather: 普通用词,指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、
聚集。
heap: 主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高,不强调整齐。
pile: 着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。
词组 | 习惯用语
gather together 集合在一起,聚合
gather in 收集;尽量收集进来
gather information 搜集信息
gather up 收集起;蜷缩;概括
gather data 收集数据
gather round 聚集
gather experience 积累经验
3:throw
1. vt. 抛;投;掷 2. vi. 抛;投掷
词组|习惯用语
throwing n. 投掷; v. 掷(throw 的 ing 形式);
throws n. 曲拐(throw 的复数形式); v. 投;抛(throw 的三单形式);掷;
threw v. 抛(throw 的过去式);丢弃
javelin throw n. 掷标枪
throw to 把…投向…
throw about 到处扔;舞动
throwing lever 闸杆
throw rug 小张地毯(等于 scatter rug)
crankshaft throw 曲轴行程;曲轴弯程
discus thrower 掷铁饼运动员
短语:
throw threw thrown 抛; 投;
threw throw 过去式
throws throw 才可以被两个关键字所操作
throw threw 扔
throw - threw 不规则动词变化形式
Threw 义无返顾; 投; 名字;
R throw throw exception 抛出异常
throw throw light on 使明白; 解释;
4:dress
n. 连衣裙,衣服, 服装
vt. & vi. 给…穿衣, 穿着,装饰, 打扮
时 态: dressed, dressing, dresses
近义词:
[n.] woman's clothing, clothing, article of clothing, vesture, wear, wearable, habiliment
[v.] change, change state, turn, finish, get dressed, dress up, fig out
[adj.] formal
反义词:
[n.] undress, discase, uncase, unclothe, strip, strip down, disrobe
[n.] informal
解析:
clothes: 普通用词,多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。
clothing: 常用词,集合名词,是衣服的总称。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装。
dress: 多指正式场合或为某些特定用途而穿的服装,也指童装或女性穿的连衣裙。
garment: 语气庄重,正式用词,复数形式可与 clothes 换用,指身上全部穿着。单数形
式指单件衣服,尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。
robe: 指长袍,也指浴衣、晨衣。
gown: 指女人穿的长服,尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等,也指长袍。
uniform: 指某团体或组织统一做的制服,如军服、校服等。
costume: 指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装,也指演员的戏装。
suit: 指一套服装,一般有几件配成一套的套装。
5: create
vt. 造成;创造,创作
时 态: created, creating, creates
近义词:
[v.] act, move, appoint, charge, make
解析:
create: 侧重创造出来的东西以前并不存在,或者指独具特色的创作。
compose: 多指音乐或诗歌、画的创作。
design: 主要指在艺术或技术领域的创作设计,强调构思多于实际制造。
invent: 主要用于科技领域,指通过思考、研究或实验制造出新的前所未有、极为有用
的东西。
make: 最普通用词,指任何东西的创作或制造。
produce: 指产品的生产,或作品创作的完成。
词组 | 习惯用语
create button 创建按钮
6:record
vt. & vi. 记录; 录音, 拍摄
vt. 显示; 自动记下
n. 记录, 记载
最好的成绩, 水平; 纪录
经历, 履历; 功过
时 态: recorded, recording, records
近义词:
[n.] evidence, number, attainment, sound recording, audio recording, accomplishment,
achievement
[v.] save, preserve, enter, put down, indicate, remind
反义词:
[n.] erase, delete
词组 | 习惯用语
world record 世界纪录
of record 有案可查的
for the record 为正式记录在案目的
medical record 病历卡;病史档案
on record 记录在案的;公开发表的
track record n. 径赛成绩记录;过去的成绩或成就
no record 无记录
record of formal schooling 学历
put on record 立案;记录
record number 记录号,记录编号
in record 记录在案
record keeping 记帐;记录保持
criminal record [法]犯罪记录;[法]前科
record holder n. 纪录保持者
academic record 学业成绩
data record 数据记录;资料记录
on the record 记录在案;正式发言;公开发布
off the record 非正式的;(美)不可引用的;非官方的
proven track record 可靠的工作业绩
sales record 销售记录
7: except
vt. 把…除外; 免除
prep. 除…外
时 态: excepted, excepting, excepts
近义词:
[v.] object, eliminate, get rid of, do away with
解析:
besides: 着重于指另外还有。
but: 侧重指不包括在内。
except: 侧重于排除在外,从整体里减去。可与 but 换用,但语气较强。
except: for 多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定,还引出相反的原因或细节,
从而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味。
词组 | 习惯用语
except for 除了…以外;要不是由于
except as 除…之外
8:treat
n. 款待, 招待,乐事, 乐趣
vt. 对待, 看待,处理,探讨, 讨论, 论述,把…看作治疗
vt. & vi. 请客, 款待
时 态: treated, treating, treats
名 词: treater
近义词:
[n.] nutriment, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, aliment, alimentation, victuals
[v.] interact, affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch
解析:
cure: 主要指治愈疾病。
treat: 普通用词,指接受并诊治病人。
heal: 侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛如灼伤等。
remedy: 着重用药物对病人进行治疗。
词组 | 习惯用语
treat with 处理;应付
treat of 论及,涉及;探讨,论述
treat as 对待;把…看作…
trick or treat 不招待就使坏(指万圣节孩子们挨家逐户要糖果等礼物,如不遂愿便恶作
剧一番的风俗)
dutch treat 各付己帐;各自付帐的聚餐或娱乐活动
9:drawn
adj. (通常指面容)憔悴的,苍白的;(人或脸部)扭歪的,拉长的
v.画,绘制;拖,拉;拔出;排出(液体);引出;以(平局)结束比赛(draw 的过
去分词)
近义词:
[adj.] tired, closed, pull, draw, force
反义词:
[n.] rested, open
词组 | 习惯用语
drawn by 绘图
drawn on v. 以(某人)为付款人;硬背装订
drawn out 抽出,拉长
drawn under 出票依据;出票条款;在…开立
cold drawn 冷拉;冷拔
drawn together vt. 聚集(团结起来,一致)
drawn steel 拔制钢,拉制钢;冷拉钢
drawn wire 拉制线材;牵引线;冷拉钢丝
10:creature
n. 动物,生物;人;创造物
词组|习惯用语
creaturely adj. 动物或人特有的;动物或人的
creatures n. 生物(creature 的复数)
alien creature 外来生物
creature comforts (衣、食、住等)物质享受
Heavenly Creatures 梦幻天堂(电影名)
mythical creatures 神兽(mythical creature 的复数形式)
creature comfort n. 物质享受(尤指食物)
Deadly Creatures 致命生物(游戏名)
Impossible Creatures 怪兽岛(游戏名)
evil creature 邪恶的生物