情态动词
[语法初识]
原句感知 自主探究
①Today, both male and female athletes from around the
world can take part.
②I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when
Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
③Naturally, after I tell her what to do, my daughter must do
the opposite!
④You should apologize to Mary for your rude remarks.
⑤Mr Jones must be a teacher, isn't he?
⑥He may come here by train, but I am not sure.
(1)情态动词没有人称和数的变
化。
(2)情态动词在句中虽有一定的词
义，但不能单独作谓语，要和另
一动词连用，构成谓语。(3)情态
动词后面接动词原形，即不带 to
的不定式。
[语法剖析]
语法点一 基本概念
情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to 除外)，一般不能单独使用，要
与谓语动词构成完整谓语，不能单独作谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有
can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),
ought to 等。
语法点二 基本用法
1.can (could)
(1)表示能力，can 表现在的能力，could 主要指过去的能力。
Two eyes can see more than one.
两只眼比一只眼看得多。
Could the girl read before she went to school?
这女孩上学前能识字吗？
(2)表示客观的可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。
He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car.
他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
(3)表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但 could 语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，
要用 can 而不用 could。
Can I have a look at your new pen?
我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
—Could I use your dictionary?
——我可以用一下你的词典吗？
—Yes, you can.
——可以，你用吧。
(4)can 表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句(could 无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑
或不肯定，常用于“can/could＋have＋过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。
This can't/couldn't be done by him.
这不可能是他干的。
We could go there this summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
He can't/couldn't have been to that town.
他不可能去过那个城镇。
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How can you be so careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀！
[辨析比较]
can can 只有两种时态形式，现在式 can 和过去式 could；用在过去时中，could 经常
表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做。
be able to be able to 有多种时态形式，was/were able to 则表示“过去做成了某事”。
[即时演练 1]
(1)完成句子
①我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。
I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.
②对不起我一直没能给你回信。
I am sorry I haven't_been_able_to answer your letter.
③那时候这个小男孩还不会游泳。
At that time the little boy couldn't swim.
④他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。
He was a good swimmer so he was_able_to swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
⑤他不可能在家——我刚才在超市看见他了。
He can't be at home — I saw him in the supermarket just now.
(2)(2016·天津高考)It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had
recommended.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：选 B 句意：真烦人，我无权使用(couldn't get access to)你推荐的资料库。B 项
couldn't 意为“不能”，符合语境。故选 B 项。
(3)(北京高考)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A．Can B．Must
C．Shall D．Should
解析：选 A 考查情态动词。句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会用太长时间。can 作情态
动词讲时表示许可，意为“可以”，符合语境。must 意为“必须”；shall 表示“征求对方
意见”，此处语境不是两人对话，而是一个人的主观看法；should 表示“应该”，故选 A
项。
2．may (might)
(1)表示允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
[名师点津] 对 may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用 may 或 can, 但作否定回答时要用
mustn't 或 can't。
—May I smoke here?
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
—No, you mustn't. You'd better not.
——不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
(2)表示可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
He may be at home at the moment.
他现在可能在家。
She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。
May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.
祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。
[即时演练 2]
(1)(2015·陕西高考)You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred
percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
A．should B．need
C．shall D．may
解析：选 D 考查情态动词。句意：你或许觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分
之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。由句中的 but 及后一分句中的 a hundred
percent sure 可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用 may。
(2)(江西高考)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
A．shall B．must
C．need D．might
解析：选 D 考查情态动词。句意：生活是不可预料的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为
最有钱的人。might 表示“可能”。
3．must (have to)
(1)must 表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have to
表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事，也可表示
经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。mustn't 表示禁止做某事；have to 的否定形式表示“不
必”。have to 可用于多种时态中。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。
We must do everything step by step.
我们必须循序渐进地做一切事情。
—Must we hand in our exercise books now?
——我们现在就要交练习本吗？
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't./No, you don't have to.)
——是的，必须。(不，不必。)
[名师点津] 回答 must 引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用 mustn't，而要用
needn't 或 don't have to。
(2)must 表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
The book must be the one you want.
这本书一定是你要的那本。
She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
(3)must 还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦，不满的情绪。
Why must it rain on Sunday?
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
[即时演练 3]
(1)用适当情态动词填空
①My sister is ill; my mother has_to look after her.
②There's a lot of noise from next door. They must be having a party.
③—Must I return all the books in three days?
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't/don't_have_to.)
(2)(2015·北京高考)—Can't you stay a little longer?
—It's getting late.I really________ go now. My daughter is home alone.
A．may B．can
C．must D．dare
解析：选 C 考查情态动词。句意：“难道你不能多待一会儿吗？”“天晚了。我现在
真的必须走了。我女儿一个人在家。”由答语中空格所在句的前后句句意可知，此处指说话
人觉得自己“必须”走了，故用 must，所以答案为 C。
4．shall
(1)表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some tea?
我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside?
让那男孩在外面等吗？
(2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称
陈述句。
You shall do as I say.
你按我说的做。(命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow.
你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)
He shall be punished sooner or later, if he does it like this, I tell you.
我告诉你，如果他这样做，迟早会受到惩罚的。(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)
(3)表示规定、法令等中的“应该，必须”，用于第三人称陈述句。
Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms.
我们俱乐部的成员必须穿制服。
[即时演练 4]
(1)选择下列句中 shall 的含义
A．允诺 B．警告 C．威胁 D．征求意见
①You shall fail if you don't work harder. ( B )
②He shall have a book when I finish reading. ( A )
③You shall be punished for what you've done. ( C )
④Shall I watch TV for a while？( D )
(2)(江苏高考)—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next
month.
—Don't worry. You ________ have it by Friday.
A．could B．shall
C．must D．may
解析：选 B 考查情态动词。此处 shall 用于第二人称陈述句中表示说话人的许诺。
5．should
(1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
(2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。
Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.
真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。
[即时演练 5]
(1)(江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A．might B．would
C．should D．could
解析：选 C 虽然他们自己很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should“竟然”，符合句意。
(2)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There________ be twelve.
A．should B．would
C．will D．shall
解析：选 A 考查情态动词。句意：那儿只有 10 张票，是什么意思？应该有 12 张票的。
should 表示推测时暗含很大的可能，意为“应该……”。would 表示意愿；will“将要”；
shall 在陈述句中可表示说话者的允许、威胁、命令等语气。
6．will (would)
(1)表示意志或意愿。will 指现在，would 指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I will never do that again.
我决不会再做那事了。
(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will 和 would 均可用，would
此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you pass me the book?
请你把书递给我好吗？
(3)will 和 would 可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常
常”。
He will sit up there all night.
他总是整夜坐在那儿。
He would drop in on me on Sundays.
他常常在星期天顺便过来看我。
[辨析比较]
used to 指过去的动作或状态，着眼与现在的对比，可以与过去时间状语连用
would 表示过去的情况，指过去的习惯动作，不说明现在的情况
[即时演练 6]
(1)用适当的情态动词填空
①Will/Would you please save some dessert for me?
②He used_to be a very strong man, but now he isn't.
③We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.
(2)(四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to
Disneyland at weekends.
A．might B．must
C．would D．should
解析：选 C 考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年，那时母亲常会在周末
带我去迪斯尼乐园。would 可表示习惯性动作，译为“常会，总是”。
7．ought to
(1)表示职责和义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比 should 稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲，应当照顾他。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.
你不应该抽这么多烟。
(2)表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，近似于 should。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
韩梅应该知道他的电话号码。
[即时演练 7]
—Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?
—No, I've already bought twenty. That________ be enough for us two.
A．ought to B．will
C．may D．might
解析：选 A 在表示推测时，ought to, may, might 可能性依次降低，根据语境“I've already
bought twenty”可推断出，够两个人喝的可能性非常大，故选 A。
8．need 和 dare
(1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。一般不用于肯定句，
无第三人称单数形式。dare 有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移至句首；构成否定句时，
直接在其后加 not。
—Need I tell him everything?
——我要告诉他一切吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
——是的。/不，没有必要。
How dare she do things like that to me?
她怎么敢对我做那样的事？
(2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助 do/did/does, need 后面接带 to 的不定式，
而在疑问句和否定句中，dare 后可省去 to。有人称和数的变化。
He didn't dare (to) go there.
他不敢去那儿。
Right now you need to stay still until help comes.
现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。
What he needs now are books.
他现在需要的是书籍。
[即时演练 8]
(1)用 dare/need 的适当形式填空
①You needn't hurry. There is still enough time to go.
②—Must I go right now?
—No, you needn't.
③How dare you say I'm unfair?
④He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
⑤He needs to finish it this evening.
⑥Don't you dare touch it!
(2)(2016·北京高考)I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and
Sundays.
A．needn't B．mustn't
C．wouldn't D．shouldn't
解析：选 A 句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六周日我不必(needn't)早起。A 项 needn't 意为
“不必，没有必要”，符合语境。mustn't“禁止”；wouldn't“不愿意”；shouldn't“不应该”。
如何写一项运动的历史
[技法指导]
要写好一项运动的历史，主要从三个方面着手：
第一，运动项目的定义。主要写这个运动项目的名称、规则以及在全球受欢迎的程度等。
第二，运动项目的相关信息。主要写这个运动项目的发展史、过去人们对它的重视程度、
取得的成就等。
第三，运动项目的现状。
[黄金表达]
1．The sport is a kind of ...
2．It has a long history.
3．Not only is it played ... but also ...
4．... with the history of ... years ...
5．It was developed/created by ...
6．It was spread to other countries ...
7．It is meant/designed to ...
8．It is aimed at ...
9．It is practised ...
10．It is popular with ...
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
假定你叫李平。你的美国笔友 David 是个中国武术迷，他给你写了一封 email，要你用
英语简单介绍一下中国武术。请你根据下面提供的信息，给他回一封 email。其中中国武术
的“作用”一项需要你自己发挥。
定义 武术是一门有关武艺的中国传统体育运动项目
历史 中国武术有着悠久的历史
影响 武术是中国文化的重要组成部分
流派 流派很多，以少林武术最为出名
作用 ……
最具影响
力的武
术明星
李小龙、李连杰、成龙
现状
·目前全球有 100 多个国家的人们在习武
·武术目前还不是奥运会比赛项目。但人们一直在努力使中国武术早日进入奥
运会
注意：1.词数：150 左右；
2．文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
Very glad to read your email. You say you are a wushu fan. Now I will tell you something
about Chinese wushu.
Yours，
Li Ping
[三步作文法]
第一步：搜索词汇
1．项目 event
2．流派 style
3．功夫 wushu/martial_art
4．众多 a_variety_of/various/all_kinds_of
5．健体 build_up_one's_body
第二步：由词造句
1．武术不仅有悠久的历史，而且对中国文化产生了重大影响。
①Wushu has_its_origins in China. Wushu has a great effect on Chinese culture.
②Wushu not_only_has_its_origins in China but_also has a great effect on Chinese culture.
2．有很多武术流派，其中以少林武术最为出名。
①There are a variety of wushu styles. Shaolin wushu is_the_bestknown.
②There are a variety of wushu styles, of_which shaolin wushu is the bestknown.
3．人们一直在努力使中国武术早日进入奥运会。
①People have_been_making_attempts. People will make_it a reality that wushu can enter
the Olympics as soon as possible.
②People have_been_making_attempts_to_make_it_a_reality_that wushu can enter the
Olympics as soon as possible.
第三步：连句成篇
Dear David，
Very glad to read your email. You say you are a wushu fan. Now I will tell you something
about Chinese wushu.
Wushu, by tradition, is a Chinese sport, and now it is one of the most practised martial arts
in the world.
Wushu not only has its origins in China, but also has a great effect on Chinese culture.
Now wushu plays an important part in Chinese culture.
There are a variety of wushu styles, of which Shaolin Wushu is the best known. Wushu,
which is intended to build up one's body and defend oneself, is popular with young people.
Film stars like Bruce Lee, Jet Li and Jackie Chan have made great contributions to the
spread of wushu around the world. People have set up many associations, which are of great
significance to the development of wushu.
It is a pity that wushu is not the event of the Olympic Games. But people have been
making attempts to make it a reality that wushu can enter the Olympics as soon as possible.
I do hope you can come to China to learn the Chinese martial art.
Yours，
Li Ping
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you ________. You read it in here.
A．mightn't B．won't
C．needn't D．mustn't
解析：选 D 考查情态动词。句意：“我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？”“不可以，你一定
不要带出去。就在这里读。”mustn't“一定不要”，表示禁止。对 May 一般疑问句作否定
回答常用 mustn't 或 can't。
2．I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A．Must B．Can
C．May D．Will
解析：选 A must 在此处表示对方的行为使说话人不满或懊恼，意为“偏要”。
3．The traffic is heavy these days. I ________ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?
A．can B．must
C．need D．might
解析：选 D 句意：这些天交通拥挤，我可能会晚一会儿到达，所以你能否给我留个位
置？might 在这里表示可能性。
4．In general, she is devoted to her studies, but she ________ be a little naughty at times.
A．will B．can
C．should D．would
解析：选 B 考查情态动词。句意：总体上说，她是致力于学习的，但是有些时候她可
能也有点调皮。can 用在此语境下用来描述一种客观上的可能性。如：It can be warm in winter.。
5．—It's the office! So you ________ know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry.
A．must B．will
C．may D．need
解析：选 A 考查情态动词的用法。前句句意：这是办公室！所以你要知道在这里吃东
西是不允许的。句子用来责备对方且带有命令的语气，所以应选择 must。
6．He's strange — he ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
A．shall B．will
C．can D．must
解析：选 B 考查情态动词。句意：他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说。will 可以
表示习惯和特性，尤其是不受时间限制而必然发生的情况。
7．I advised him to give up smoking, but he ________ listen to my advice, and went on as
ever before.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
C．shouldn't D．might not
解析：选 A 理解句意可知，“我”劝他戒烟时，他还是我行我素，也就是不愿意听
“我”的，故应该选 wouldn't，表示意愿。couldn't 表示不可能；shouldn't 表示不应该；might
not 表示也许不。都与句意不符。
8．—What does the sign over there read?
—No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.
A．will B．may
C．shall D．must
解析：选 C 考查情态动词的用法。此句为公共场所的标识语，题意为“此处禁止吸烟
以及携带各种香烟”；must 表示“必须”，多用于肯定句；will 表示“意愿”；may 表示“可
能”；只有 shall 可以表达“决心，强硬性建议”。
9．You can't imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady.
A．might B．need
C．should D．would
解析：选 C 此句中 should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常意为“竟然”。
10．The head teacher said that we ________ have a day off on Sunday if we did a good job in
the exam.
A．should B．could
C．must D．may
解析：选 B 句意：班主任说要是我们考试考得好的话，就允许我们星期天休假一天。
情态动词 could 用在间接引语中表示过去的允许。故 B 项正确。
Ⅱ.用方框中所给情态动词的适当形式填空
shall， should， be able to， can， must， need， dare， would， may
1．Accidents can happen on such a rainy day.
2．The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was_able_to get out.
3．The school rules say that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day.
4．I saw her go out just now. She can't be at home now.
5．—Must we hand in the homework before school is over?
—No, you needn't. You can/may hand it in tomorrow morning.
6．My younger sister dare not go out alone at night.
7．You should do something for your aged parents.
8．When we worked in the same office, we would have coffee together.
9．Why must you always smoke in the office?
10．I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me.
Ⅲ.语法与写作(完成句子)
1．He must_be_ill (准是病了). He looks so pale.
2．He shall_be_sorry (会后悔的) for it one day, I tell you.
3．After years of hard work he was_able_to (能够) win the prize.
4．If you must_smoke (一定要抽烟), at least you could use an ashtray.
5．You can_go_with_them (可以和他们一起去) if you like.
6．They should/ought_to_have_arrived_in_Shanghai (该到上海了) by now.
[对应学生课下能力提升(七)]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins.________ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly.
A．Do B．May
C．Will D．Should
解析：选 B may 表示征求对方的许可，will 表示征求许可时，往往与第二人称连用，
故选 B。
2．It is important to know about the cultural differences that ________ cause problems.
A．must B．dare
C．need D．may
解析：选 D 句意：了解文化差异是很重要的，这些差异可能会引发一些问题。may
表示推测，意为“可能”。must 表示必要性或是很有把握的推测；dare 用作情态动词时表
示“敢，竟敢”；need 表示必要性，意为“需要，必须”。
3．—Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.
A．must B．can
C．need D．may
解析：选 D 先确定问句为一般将来时，因为像 come, go, leave, start 等这类趋向动词的
进行时表示将来含义。答语是就将来的动作作出判断。must not“不准”，与句意不符，故
排除 A 项；cannot 不可分开写，排除 B 项；need not“不必”，与句意不符，排除 C 项；只
有 D 项“可能不，不一定”，正好与后面的 He likes driving his car.相吻合，故选 D 项。
4．“Attention, please. Whoever can answer one of my questions ________ receive a prize，”
the teacher said in class.
A．might B．shall
C．should D．would
解析：选 B shall 在陈述句中用于第二和第三人称时，可以表示警告、命令、允诺、
威胁等语气； might 表示可能性很小； should 表示“应该(义务性)”；would 表示意愿。
由此可知这里选 B 项表示允诺。
5．You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ________ not like the
design of the furniture.
A．must B．shall
C．may D．need
解析：选 C 句意：你最好还是告诉制造商，男性顾客可能不喜欢家具的图案设计。
might just as well 表示“最好还是”，由此推断后文语气不是很肯定，所以用 may。
6．Even though I'd hurt my leg, I ________ swim back to the river bank.
A．could B．dare
C．had to D．was able to
解析：选 D 句意：尽管我的腿受伤了，我还是游回了河岸。表示过去有能力并成功做
成了某事用 be able to，不用 could。dare“敢”； have to“不得不”。
7．—Boy, which website are you surfing on the Internet now?
—Oh, Mum ... ________ I tell you everything I do?
A．Must B．Should
C．Can D．Shall
解析：选 A 考查情态动词。句意：“孩子，你上的哪个网站啊？”“噢，妈妈……我
非得告诉你我做的任何事吗？”must 表示“非得，偏偏，硬要”，符合语境。
8．—Why are you figuring out these figures by hand?
—Oh, my computer has crashed. It ________ work.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．won't
解析：选 D 由答语可知，电脑死机了。后面应该表示“它拒绝工作”。can't 表示“不
可能，没有能力”；mustn't 表示“一定不要，禁止”；needn't 表示“没有必要”；won't 表
示“不肯，就不”。根据句意应该选 D 项。
9．It's really strange that they ________ have left without saying goodbye to us.
A．could B．would
C．must D．should
解析：选 D 本题用 should 表示“竟然，居然”之意，符合句意“真奇怪，他们竟然
没向我们道别就走了”。
10．—Why didn't he go to the airport to pick you up?
—Oh, he ________， for the airport had a bus to send us back to the centre of the city.
A．needed not B．needed not to
C．didn't need D．didn't need to
解析：选 D 首先 need 作为情态动词的时候没有过去式的变化；其次在不定式的省略
中，动词可以省略，但不定式符号不能省略。故本题的答案为 D 项。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者). They were
there all the time: early mornings, noons, and evenings. There were little old ladies in gray
sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middleaged men with red faces. “Come on！” My
friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You'll feel
great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone
could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day
more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and
judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in
my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet take a real pounding running
down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a
nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to
worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses,
jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the
other for fortyfive minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers
say，“I love being out there with just my thoughts.” Well, my thoughts began to bore me,
and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first
week; it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't
fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the
same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week
at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise,
and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of
better ways to stay in shape.
1．From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood ________.
A．jogging became very popular
B．people jogged only during the daytime
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
解析：选 A 推理判断题。第一段中提到作者所在的街区到处都是形形色色的慢跑者，
由此可推断 A 项正确。B 项与本段第二句内容不符；后两项在文章中没有信息支持。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.
A．heart attacks
B．back problems
C．famous joggers
D．physical weaknesses
解析：选 D 词义猜测题。本句的前面提到如果你有任何的身体虚弱症状，慢跑都会让
它们显示出来，由此可推断此项正确。文章中没有提到作者患有心脏病，所以 A 项与句中
的 as they did with me 不符；B 项只是身体虚弱的一个方面的表现。
3．What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A．He felt it was worth a try.
B．He was very fond of it.
C．He was strongly against it.
D．He thought it must be painful.
解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句内容可知作者起初认为可以尝试一下慢
跑。
4．Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A．He disliked doing exercise outside.
B．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
解析：选 B 推理判断题。结合第三段的第一句、最后一句和第四段的第一句可推知此
项正确。作者是深受慢跑之害后才决定放弃这种运动的，而且文章的后半部分提到作者喜欢
外出快走和骑自行车去上班，所以 A 项不正确；后两项在文章中没有信息支持。
5．From the writer's experience, we can conclude that
________.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport
解析：选 A 推理判断题。文章开头部分提到慢跑在作者所在的街区已经蔚然成风，可
作者尝试一段时间后不得不放弃，由此可推断并非每个人都喜欢慢跑。B 项过于绝对；作者
没有推崇慢跑的意思，因此后两项不恰当。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
The health dangers of smoking have been well reported. For years, doctors have warned
that smoking can cause lung cancer. Studies also have linked smoking to several other kinds of
cancer, heart attacks and other diseases, lung diseases, and a number of other medical problems.
The repeated health warnings have had an effect. Thousands of people have stopped smoking. But
as many people have learned, stopping smoking can be very difficult.
A major problem apparently is the nicotine, a poisonous substance found in tobacco. Small
amounts of nicotine are released as tobacco is burned. And over many years of smoking, a
person's body becomes dependent on the substance. An attempt to stop smoking brings the
problems of nicotine withdrawal (脱瘾过程)．
American medical researchers have found that nicotine withdrawal causes people to become
angry very easily, aggressive, worried and unable to think sharply. Many people who have tried to
stop smoking would confirm those findings.
To help people give up smoking, some tobacco companies have proposed chewing tobacco,
or using snuff as safe substitutes (替代物). Snuff is a tobacco powder that usually is breathed in.
But many people put it between their gum and cheek.
A group of British scientists said recently that many lives could be saved by a major program
to get cigarette smokers to change to snuff. An American scientist, Allan Blum, disagreed. Dr.
Blum argued that snuff, put in the mouth, can cause gum disease, teeth problems and throat
problems that lead to cancer. Dr. Blum also warned against chewing tobacco as a substitute for
smoking. He said chewing tobacco can lead to cancer of the mouth, throat or digestive system.
Medical researchers say another possible substitute for smoking is a special nicotine chewing
gum. The gum is already sold in Europe and Canada. A report says research shows that the
chewing gum will increase the amount of nicotine in a person's blood. This helps satisfy some
people's desire for a cigarette. However, the report says, the chewing gum also leads to some
unpleasant side effects. And it may be dangerous for people with heart problems.
Two other American scientists say they have found that the most effective way to stop
smoking is to do it completely, suddenly, all at once. The report by Saul Shirtman and Dr. Murray
Jogbett says that by stopping all at once, the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal are over in
just a few days. But, they say, by continuing to smoke, even a little less each day, the problems of
withdrawal never end completely.
Bad effects
of smoking
Many kinds of disease and a number of other medical problems are
1.connected/associated/linked/concerned with smoking.
2.Difficulty/
Trouble
in stopping
smoking
The 3.reason for this is that smokers are dependent on nicotine, a poisonous
substance in tobacco, and people 4.attempting/trying to stop smoking have
emotional problems and are unable to think sharply.
5.Ways/Measu
res to
stop smoking
Looking
for
substitutes
for
smoking
Snuff Causing gum disease, teeth problems and throat
problems 6.leading to cancer
Chewing
tobacco
Causing cancer of the mouth, throat or digestive
system
Nicotine
chewing
gum
◆Helping satisfy some people's desire for a cigarette
by 7.increasing/raising the amount of nicotine in
one's blood
◆Having some side effects and being dangerous for
people who 8.suffer from heart problems
Giving up
smoking
9.completely,_
suddenly, all
at once
In a few days, the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal no longer 10.exist.
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