直接引语和间接引语
[语法初识]
原句感知 自主探究
①He said to me, “You are wrong.”
→He told me that I was wrong.
②“Are you a soldier？” he asked.
→He asked if/whether I was a soldier.
③He asked, “Where are you going
to get off, John？”
→He asked John where he was going
to get off.
④“Make sure the door is closed，”
the teacher said to me.
→The teacher told me to make sure
the door was closed.
⑤“I will come and see you again this
evening, Tom，” she said.
→She told Tom that she would go and
see him again that evening.
⑥“I will come here again today，”
she said.
→She said that she'd go there again
that day.
(1)若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词
that 来引导宾语从句；直接引语中的人称、时态等都
要作相应的变化，如①句。
(2)若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用
连词 if 或 whether 来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问
句语序变为陈述句语序，如②句。
(3)若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用
原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语
序变为陈述句语序，如③句。
(4)若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用
“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表
示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如④句。
(5)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词和动词要作相应
变化，如⑤句。
(6)直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语和时间状语要作
相应变化，如⑥句。
[语法剖析]
语法点一 基本概念
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫做直接
引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫做间接引语。
直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、
地点状语以及词序等方面作相应的变化。
“I like singing，” she said.(直接引语)
→She said she liked singing.(间接引语)
“Don't touch anything，” he said.(直接引语)
→He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语)
[名师点津] 实际上，间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语在转换
后是不定式。
语法点二 直接引语变为间接引语时连词的使用及句
式结构
1.引述陈述句时，用连词 that 引导(that 在口语中常被省略。)
He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much.
他说他非常喜欢它。
He said, “I've left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he had left his book in my room.
他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。
2．引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用 whether 或 if 引导，而引述选择疑问句时，
一般只能用 whether 引导。
He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come？”
→He asked whether (if) I was sure my mother would come.
他问我是否确信我妈妈会来。
He asked, “They live in groups, don't they？”
→He asked whether/if they lived in groups.
他问它们是否是群居。
He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student？”
→He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.
他问我是老师还是学生。
[名师点津] 一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀”：if/whether 接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人
称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。
[即时演练 1]
(1)句型转换
①He said, “Can you speak English, Jack？”
→He asked Jack if he could speak English.
②“You have finished the homework, haven't you？” his mother asked.
→His mother asked him whether he had finished the homework.
(2)He asked me ________.
A．am I a Party member or a League member
B．was I a Party member or a League member
C．whether I was a Party member or a League member
D．whether was I a Party member or a League member
解析：选 C 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。
3．引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的疑问词引导。
“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad？” Bill asked.
→Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.
比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。“What are you doing now？” Mom
asked.
→Mom asked what I was doing then.
[名师点津] 特殊疑问句变间接引语“口诀”：疑问词接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人称、
时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。
[即时演练 2]
(1) 句型转换
①He asked me, “Where do you live？”
→He asked me where I lived.
②He asked me, “What do you do on weekends？”
→He asked me what I did on weekends.
③She asked me，“Why are you laughing at me？”
→She asked me why I was laughing at her.
(2)He asked me ________ for the bike.
A．I paid how much B．how much I paid
C．did I pay how much D．how much did I pay
解析：选 B 根据本题句式，不难发现宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句。直接引语如果是特
殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的特殊疑问词引导，但要用陈述语序。
4．引述祈使句通常用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式
的前面加上 not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词 order, tell, warn；引述表示请求的祈使
句常用动词 ask, beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词 advise 等。
He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He asked me to go there again the next day.
他让我第二天再到那儿去。
He said, “Do have a look yourself first.”
→He advised me to have a look myself first.
他建议我自己先看一看。
He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。
[名师点津] 祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改二变三加四去”原则：
一改：said (to)改为 asked 或 told
二变：said to 的宾语变成 asked 等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加 to，使其成为动词不定式
四去：去掉 please
[即时演练 3]
句型转换
①The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door, please！”
→The teacher told the boy to open the door.
②His father said to him, “Don't leave the window open when you are out.”
→His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out.
③“Please explain why you're late，” the boss said.
→The boss asked him to explain why he was late.
语法点三 直接引语变为间接引语时要特别注意几个
变化
1.人称的变化
主语为第一人称的直接引语变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
直接引语变为间接引语时遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。
①“一随主”即直接引语中主语若是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，间接引语中人称要按
主句中主语的人称变化。
②“二随宾”直接引语中主语及宾语若是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，间接引语中人称
要跟主句的宾语保持一致。
③“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的主语及宾语若是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，间
接引语中的人称一般不需要变化。
She said，“I am hungry.”
→ She said she was hungry.
Mum said to me，“You can clean your bedroom tomorrow. ”
→ Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day.
[即时演练 4]
把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称变化
①He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.”
→He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.
②She said to me, “You play basketball better than me.”
→She told me that I played basketball better than her.
③“I bought this pair of shoes for my father，” Kate said.
→Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.
④My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.”
→My father said that he hoped I would grow up to be President.
2．时态的变化
直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动
词时态形式不变。 但是如果引述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态形式一般按下
列规律变化：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
过去完成时 过去完成时
The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”
→The teacher said that we were doing OK.
老师说我们做得不错。
He said, “I have written a novel.”
→He said that he had written a novel.
他说他已经写完了一篇小说。
[即时演练 5]
把下列句子变为间接引语，注意时态变化
①He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”
→He said that he had_seen the film the day before.
②She said, “I have seen the film. It is good.”
→She said that she had_seen the film, and that it was good.
③Peter said, “I'm busy today.”
→Peter said that he was busy that day.
④He asked, “Is it raining？”
→He asked if it was_raining.
⑤The teacher said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.”
→The teacher promised that he would_give his students a few holidays at the end of that
month.
3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this, these that, those
时间状语
now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week that week
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
two weeks ago two weeks before
tomorrow the next day
next week the next week
地点状语 here there
方向动词 come go
bring take
“I will come and help you tomorrow, Mary，” she said.
→She told Mary that she would go and help her the next day.
她告诉玛丽第二天她会去帮她。
“I'll come and see you again this evening, Tom，” he said.
→He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.
他告诉汤姆他那晚要再去看他。
[即时演练 6]
(1)An English teacher asked his students, “Are you interested in my lessons？”
→An English teacher asked his students if ________ were interested in ________ lessons.
A．you; my B．you; his
C．they; my D．they; his
解析：选 D 直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语主语为第二人称，则间接引语(宾语
从句)的主语与主句的宾语在人称上保持一致，即 you 变为 they；由句意可知句中的 my 应
改为 his。
(2)Mr. Green asked, “Jack, have you passed the exam yesterday？”
→Mr. Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam ________.
A．yesterday B．the day before
C．the day ago D．before the day
解析：选 B 直接引语变间接引语时，时间状语要作相应的变化，yesterday 要变为 the day
before。
4．语序变化
直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，并且需把谓语动词
say 或 say to sb.变为 ask 或 ask sb.。
“Are all ads playing tricks on us？” I asked her.
→I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on us.
我问她是否所有的广告都欺骗我们。
The teacher asked the boy, “How many pages have you read today？”
→The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.
老师问那个男孩那天读了多少页。
[即时演练 7]
She asked me ________ to build the church.
A．how long it was taken
B．how long it had taken
C．how much time did it take
D．how much time it was taken
解析：选 B 间接引语使用陈述语序，动词 take 在此处表示“做某事花费多少时间”，
不可用被动形式。其结构是 it takes sb. some time do so sth.。
语法点四 直接引语变为间接引语时保持不变的几种
情况
如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化：
1．直接引语是客观真理、格言、谚语。
“The earth moves around the sun”， my father told me.
→My father told me the earth moves around the sun.
爸爸告诉我地球绕太阳转。
2．直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jane said, “Mary, where were you going when I met you on the bus？”
→Jane asked Mary where she was going when she met her on the bus.
简在公交上碰见玛丽时，问她要去哪里。
3．直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
John said，“I was born on June 8, 1982.”
→John said he was born on June 8, 1982.
约翰说他出生于 1982 年 6 月 8 日。
4．直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态
不变。
He said, “I have breakfast at seven every morning.”
→He said he has breakfast at seven every morning.
他说他每天早晨七点吃早饭。
[即时演练 8]
(1)把下列各句改为间接引语
①“Light travels much faster than sound，” my father told me.
→My father told me that light travels much faster than sound.
②The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
→The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.
③He said, “I was born in 1986”．
→He said that he was born in 1986.
④“When did you come here？” she asked.
→She asked me when I went there.
(2)The teacher told the students that since light ________ faster than sound, lightning
________ to go before thunder.
A．travelled; appeared B．travels; appears
C．travels; will appear D．travelled; would appear
解析：选 B 虽然主句谓语动词用的是过去时态，但是间接引语陈述的内容为客观真理，
时态仍用一般现在时。
如何写广告
[技法指导]
广告的写作常包括广告标题、标语、正文、随文等要素。
1．广告标题具有突出主旨、提示要点、引人注意、激发消费者阅读广告正文、加深印
象、促使消费者进行购买的功能。广告标题文字不苛求音韵，句子可以是完整的，也可以是
半句话，甚至一个词组或一个词。
2．广告标语就是品牌标语，是该品牌的主张或承诺。品牌标语一般都很简洁、短小、
精练。
3．广告正文是广告文案的中心部分，它体现着广告的主题，因而撰写正文时一定要做
到简洁、清楚、直接、实在，形式上灵活多样。
4．广告随文的写作，也称附告，是在正文之后的必要说明，包括广告单位的名称、地
址、电话号码、开户银行、邮政编码、银行账号、购买手续等，附文要写得具体、明确。
5．要使广告语既丰富多彩、引人入胜，又易于理解、便于传播、利于记忆，就要掌握
修辞手法和用词两个方面的技巧。广告语中常用的修辞格有对比、押韵、反复、双关、比喻、
仿词、夸张等。
[黄金表达]
1．You can never imagine how ...
2．Almost everyone who has tried it loves it!
3．Why not come and have a taste? Why don't you ...?
4．Have you ever regretted not ...?
5．It's fashionable! It's convenient! It's delicious!
6．You'll be amazed at ...
7．... available in all shops now ...
8．When you buy one you get another one for free ...
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
下面是有关 ChocoLoco bar 的介绍，请以“Have you ever tried our ChocoLoco bar？”为
题，用英语为其写一则宣传广告，内容如下：
1．ChocoLoco bar 的原料：墨西哥上好的可可豆，中国最新鲜的牛奶；
2．与众不同的特点：脂肪含量低，是减肥人士的最佳选择；
3．一旦尝过，都会喜欢上。浓郁的奶香、淡淡的苦涩，美味尽在 ChocoLoco bar！爱上
与众不同的我！
4．价格一般，但质量上乘；
5．在中国各超市均有销售。现在买一赠一；
6．有好的建议请联系我们！
电话：02586177788
电子邮件地址：ChocoLoco bar @ hotmail.com
参考词汇：浓郁的 fullboiled；淡淡的苦涩 sweetsmelling with a little bitter taste
[三步作文法]
第一步：搜索词汇
1．美味的 yummy
2．上好质量 the_best_quality
3．被用做 be_used_to_do
4．低脂肪 be_low_in_fat
5．均有销售 be_available_in_...
第二步：由词造句
1．它脂肪含量低，并且是减肥的最佳选择，那就是为什么这么多人喜欢它。
①It's low in fat and the best choice for anyone trying to lose weight.So many people love
it.
②It's low in fat and the best choice for anyone trying to lose weight.That's_why so many
people love it.
2．ChocoLoco bar 是如此美味，以致中国各超市均有销售。
①ChocoLoco bar is so_yummy! It's available in all supermarkets around China.
②So_yummy is ChocoLoco bar that it's available in all supermarkets around China.
3．并非每块巧克力都要钱，你可以享受买一赠一！
①Not_every ChocoLoco bar is paid. You can buy one then get another one for free!
②Not_every ChocoLoco bar is paid, and you can buy one then get another one for free!
第三步：连句成篇
Have you ever tried our ChocoLoco bar?
You can never fancy how yummy chocolate bars can be if you have never had a ChocoLoco
chocolate bar. Only the best quality cocoa beans from Mexico and the freshest milk from China
are used to make the yummy ChocoLoco chocolate bars. It is low in fat and the best choice for
anyone trying to lose weight. That's why so many people love it, especially its fullboiled
sweetsmelling flavour with a little bitter taste. Why not come and have a taste? ChocoLoco
chocolate bar is of high quality and average price. So yummy is ChocoLoco bar that it is
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one now, you get another one for free! You are welcome to give us your valuable suggestions.
Please contact us by telephone: 02586177788 or email us to the following email address:
ChocoLoco bar@ hotmail. com.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He asked, “How are you getting along？”
→He asked ________.
A．how am I getting along
B．how are you getting along
C．how I was getting along
D．how was I getting along
解析：选 C 直接引语是 how 引导的特殊疑问句，现在进行时改为过去进行时，语序
用陈述句语序。故选 C 项。
2．—What did Susan say just now?
—She said that she ________ come this weekend because of illness.
A．can't B．couldn't
C．won't D．may not
解析：选 B 因为主句是一般过去时态，那么宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态。
3．I wonder ________. Which of the following is not the right choice?
A．whether she will be fit for the job or not
B．whether or not she will be fit for the job
C．if she will be fit for the job
D．what she will be fit for the job
解析：选 D 四个选项中只有 D 项不符合句子结构和意义。其他选项都是由 whether
或 if 引导的宾语从句。
4．—Is Mr Wu from Beijing?
—I don't know ________.
A．where does he come from
B．from where does he come
C．which city he comes from
D．what city he comes from
解析：选 C 句意：“吴先生是从北京来的吗？”“我不知道他是从哪个城市来
的。”which 引导了一个宾语从句，由句意知应选 C 项。
5．He said that his car ________ stolen and he ________ have to telephone the police.
A．was; would B．has been; will
C．had been; would D．had been; will
解析：选 C “车子被盗”发生在“said”之前，因此应用过去完成时；“报警”发生在
“said”后，应用过去将来时。
6．Mother asked me ________ when I didn't feel very well.
A．what was the matter with me
B．what the matter was with me
C．what matter was with me
D．what was matter with me
解析：选 A 根据本题句式，宾语从句是 what was the matter with sb./sth.？“某人/某物
怎么啦/怎么回事？”在这个句型中 what 作主语，因此仍是陈述语序。
7．Our teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun yesterday.
A．go B．went
C．to go D．goes
解析：选 D 直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语表示的是客观真理，则间接引语时态
不变(一般现在时)。
8．He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A．that if B．if
C．that whether D．how
解析：选 B 根据句意：“他问我第二天是否坐飞机去北京”知应用 whether 或 if 引导
间接引语。
9．—Did he decide to go abroad?
—Yes, he told me that he ________， and was leaving soon.
A．has decided B．would decide
C．had decided D．decided
解析：选 C 一般过去时在变成间接引语时，要用过去完成时。
10．She asked her little brother ________ tell their mother about it.
A．don't B．not
C．didn't D．not to
解析：选 D 如果直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时常变为不定式作宾语补足语的复合
宾语。ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。
Ⅱ.将下列直接引语改写成间接引语
1．She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She_said_that_their_bus_would_arrive_in_five_minutes.
2．He said, “Can you swim, John？”
→He_asked_John_if_he_could_swim.
3．“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？” he said.
→He_asked_me_whether_I_went_to_school_by_bus_or_by_bike.
4．She asked me, “When do they have their dinner？”
→She_asked_me_when_they_had_their_dinner.
5．“Don't make any noise，” she said to the children.
→She_told/ordered_the_children_not_to_make_any_noise.
Ⅲ.语法与写作(完成句子)
1．我妈妈请我去帮她的忙。
My mother asked me to_go_and_help_her.
2．老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
The teacher told us that_the_earth_is_round.
3．卫兵问我们在那里做什么。
The guard asked us what_we_were_doing there.
4．她问她妈妈是否可以和她一起去购物。
She asked her mother if_she_could_go_shopping_with_her.
5．他要求我们不要站在那里不说话。
He told us not_to_stand there in silence.
6．他告诉我这本书他已看过三遍了。
He told me that he_had_read_the_book three times.
[对应学生课下能力提升(三)]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The boy asked his mother ________ go out to play table tennis.
A．that he could B．if he could
C．if could he D．whether could he
解析：选 B 一般疑问句由直接引语变间接引语时，用 if 或 whether 引导，从句用陈述
句语序。
2．A new teacher of our school asked me if I happened to know ________.
A．where was our headmaster's address
B．in which place was our headmaster's address
C．what our headmaster's address was
D．the place our headmaster's address was
解析：选 C 当直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问
词引导，注意从句必须用陈述语序。
3．“Please close the window，” he said to me.
→He ________ me ________ the window.
A．said to; to close B．told to; closing
C．asked; to close D．said to; please close
解析：选 C 直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改成用不定式作宾语补足语的句型。动词
用 tell, ask, order 等。本题直接引语中用了 please，故动词用 ask。正确答案为 C 项。
4．—What's the doctor's suggestion?
—He told me ________ weight by going on a diet.
A．not lose B．to not lose
C．don't lose D．not to lose
解析：选 D 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把它变成不定式，而否定的祈使句则
在不定式的前面加否定词 not，所以本题选 D 项。
5．Mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.
A．what the matter was B．what matter was
C．what was the matter D．what was matter
解析：选 C 宾语从句中应用陈述句语序。the matter 意为“问题，麻烦，故障”，what
was the matter 即为陈述句语序。
6．—What did she say to you?
—She ________ that she had met me somewhere before.
A．said to me B．told me
C．said me D．told to me
解析：选 B 直接引语中用 say to 时，改成间接引语时，要换成 tell。
7．The teacher told us “Practice ________ perfect”．
A．made B．has made
C．makes D．was making
解析：选 C 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，
间接引语的时态不变。故选 C。
8．Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school
for safety.
A．not allow B．do not allow
C．mustn't allow D．couldn't allow
解析：选 A 考查虚拟语气。recommend 后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should
＋)动词原形”，这里省略了 should，故 A 项正确。
9．Mr. White asked his students ________ to meet some Chinese friends from Shanghai.
A．if were they pleased B．if they are pleased
C．if are they pleased D．if they were pleased
解析：选 D 直接引语变间接引语时，一般疑问句用 if 引导，从句用陈述句语序，根
据 asked 可知用过去时态，故选 D。
10．He asked me ________ the store was open or closed.
A．whether B．which
C．that D．what
解析：选 A 句意：他问我商店是否关门了。whether ... or ...意为“是否”，符合语境。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
If you love fine dining, Delhi is an excellent place to taste the best of Indian food. You won't
regret trying these fine dining restaurants.
Bukhara
Bukhara is probably the most famous restaurant in India. It's got a string of awards to its
name. There's plenty of hype (大肆宣传) surrounding this restaurant. Above all, the US presidents
Bill Clinton and Barack Obama have dined there.
Ph：(＋91 11) 26115588
Varq
The Martaban ka Meat, the cooked lamb, is one of the restaurant's popular dishes. There are
plenty of choices for vegetarians (素 食 者 ) as well. If you're looking for a fine family dining
experience, head to Varq, as young children are now welcome.
Ph：(＋91 11) 23026162
Dum Pukht
This restaurant delivers a royal dining experience. It has a 200yearold technique of slow
roasting in sealed pots over a very low flame. This allows the meat to cook in its own juices. As
you can imagine, it's a nonvegetarian's delight.
Ph：(＋91 11) 26112233
Dakshin
It will offer you some of the best and most unusual flavors from the south. You'll be
pleasantly surprised to discover quite a few traditional dishes on the menu that are usually not
found in the local restaurants.
Ph：(＋91 11) 42661122
语篇解读：本文为应用文，题材为新闻广告类。在印度的德里你可以尝到印度最好的食
物，本文介绍了四家德里最有名的餐馆。
1．What made Bukhara most famous?
A．It has the oldest way of cooking.
B．It offers the most traditional dishes.
C．American presidents once ate there.
D．One can enjoy more vegetables there.
解析：选 C 细节理解题。由 Bukhara 介绍中的“Above all, the US presidents Bill Clinton
and Barack Obama have dined there”可知，美国总统曾在该餐馆就餐使得该餐馆有名。
2．A couple with their two kids are recommended to go to ________.
A．Bukhara B．Varq
C．Dum Pukht D．Dakshin
解析：选 B 细节理解题。由 Varq 介绍中的“If you're looking for a fine family dining
experience, head to Varq, as young children are now welcome”可知，带着孩子的话，建议去
Varq。
3．To have a royal dining experience, you should call ________.
A．(＋91 11) 26115588 B．(＋91 11) 23026162
C．(＋91 11) 26112233 D．(＋91 11) 42661122
解析：选 C 细节理解题。由 Dum Pukht 介绍中的“This restaurant delivers a royal dining
experience”可知，想要体验皇室进餐，应该打电话(＋91 11) 26112233。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
Talking to friends on WeChat, Wang Chenchen's mood changes according to her friends'
replies. Long sentences are always heartwarming and happy emoticons indicate the other
person's good spirits. But one word replies like “OK”， “Oh” or “hehe” quickly kill the mood.
Overreliance on online communication is causing division between people and social
anxiety in this digital era. With social media bringing people closer together than ever before, a
new set of online language norms also appears.
Connected or separated
Wang Chenchen, 20, an English major at the University of International Business and
Economics says, “I tend to judge my friends by the quality and speed with which they comment
on my updates on Weibo or WeChat.”
But to Chen Jie, 21, a biological engineering major at Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wang's evaluation system is problematic. “Everyone has their lifestyle and a certain
way of using social media，” says Chen, who is always busy working in the laboratory and hardly
has time for social media.
Ge Yan, a professor of communication at Shanghai Jiaotong University, says social media is
causing fragmentation (碎片化) of communication. “People tend to judge their surroundings
by the information available ， ” says Ge. “They also evaluate their friendships and others'
lifestyles based on fragmented pieces of information with which they construct a socalled
reality.”
Need for emotion
According to Ge, such superficial communication helps encourage more interaction between
people, but in terms of building solid interpersonal relationships it causes more harm than good.
An online survey on Sina Weibo last month shows, “hehe” was the top conversation killer in 2013.
“The words people hate all have one thing in common — a lack of emotion，” says Ge.
Zhang Wei, a professor of linguistics at Renmin University of China, thinks that such short
expressions carry so little emotion that they separate people. Chatting online cannot convey the
same emotions as communication in real life. This makes it difficult to understand the other
person's true intentions. “That's why I always suggest talking face to face to resolve problems，”
says Zhang. “Unfortunately the reality is that most people spend less time talking to each other in
this way.”
Anxiety and insecurity
Zhang further explains that the reason why people's mood is strongly affected by such
unemotional words when communicating online is rooted in social anxiety. People feel insecure
because of all kinds of pressures. It's like a vicious circle — “Less time for facetoface
communication leads to more online communication, but online expressions of emotion are too
changeable to provide the comfort needed，” says Zhang. “As a result, people become more
anxious.”
Title: Conversation killers
Problems
·People's mood is easily affected by unemotional words while communicating
online.
·In this digital era, people are feeling more separated, 1.anxious and
insecure than ever before.
Reasons
·People 2.rely/depend/count on online communication too much.
·Online talkers start to 3.use/adopt/employ a new set of online language
norms.
Name 4.Identity What they say and think
Wang
Chenchen An English major
I tend to judge a friend by how well and how
5.quickly/fast they reply to my updates on Weibo or
WeChat.
Chen Jie A biological
engineering major
Wang's evaluation system doesn't hold water because
different people have different
6．lifestyles and different ways of using social media.
Ge Yan Professor of
communication
·Incomplete 7.information can't be used to evaluate
people's friendships, and superficial communication
does harm to interpersonal relationships.
·People's 8.hatred/dislike for short and careless replies
like “hehe” arises from their lack of emotion.
Zhang Wei Professor of
linguistics
·Those unemotional expressions 9.widen/increase the
gap between people.
·My 10.suggestion/advice is that people should talk
facetoface though busy.
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