【第25讲】小学英语语法总复习 各语法点汇总 4
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【第25讲】小学英语语法总复习 各语法点汇总 4

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时间:2021-03-30

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资料简介
分类 •冠词 •名词 •代词 •形容词 •副词 •数词 •介词 •Can句型 •There be 句型 •动词 •时态 一、冠词 1、基本用法: •不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义, 但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。 •定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这 些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名 词前面都可以用。 •第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,表示泛指。 再次提到某人或某物时,用定冠词the,特指上文提到的人、 事或物。如:There is a pen and a pencil in my pencil- case. The pen is red and the pencil is black. 不定冠词: a, an 定冠词: the 2、A与an 的用法区别: a用于辅音音素前(辅音音素指的是发音,不 是指辅音字母),如:a university student 而an则用于元音音素前(不是元音字母),如: an egg, an orange, an onion. 1) [i:] sea 2) [i] sit 3) [e] bed 4) [ ae] bad 5) [a:] car 6) [] hot, want 7) [ :] door 8) [u:] good 9) [u] look 10) [∧] cup 11) [ ə:] girl 12) [ə ]Saturday 13) [ei] cake 14) [ai] bike 15) [əu ] cold 16) [au] house 17) [i ] boy 18) [iə ] dear 19) [ ə ] care 20) [ uə] tour 3、定冠词与零冠词的用法区别: •在序数词和形容词的最高级前面用the,如:The library is on the first floor. Summer is the hottest season of the year. •在乐器名词前用the, 表示演奏,如:play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar等。 •在球类、三餐前通常不用冠词,如:play football, play baseball, eat lunch, eat dinner等。 •在月份、星期、季节等名词的前面通常不用冠词,如:in Jan., on Monday, in summer等。 Exercise: 1.Gilbert is ________ Italian taxi driver. 2. She is _______ housewife. 3. I'm ________ English. 4. He's ________ American policeman. 5. He likes ______ book in his shelf. 6. Robert is ________ engineer. 7. He is playing ________ violin. 8. He is playing ______ football. 9. Sophie is on ________ second floor. 10. She will come back on ____ Monday. 二、名词 可数名词和不可数名词 变 化 规 则 例 词 一般情况下在词尾加-s book---books pen---pens 以-s /-x /-ch /-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es box---boxes bus---buses 以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词, 要变y为i,再加-es family---families baby---babies (以元音字母加-y结尾的单词直接加-s: boy---boys key---keys) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数把f或 fe变为v,再加-es leaf---leaves knife---knives 以o结尾的词,有生命的加 -es,无生命的加-s tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes zoo--zoos photo---photos •名词复数形式的规则变化: •名词复数形式的特殊变化: 1. 改变中间元音字母,如: man---men woman---women foot---feet goose---geese tooth--- teeth 2. 词尾发生变化,如: child---children 3. 单、复数形式相同,如: fish---fish ,sheep---sheep ,deer---deer 名词所有格 (1)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,一般用’s表示。 一般在单数名词的词尾加’s,如:Chen Jie’s mother. 以s结尾的复数名词只加’,不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s, 如:The students’ bags The children’s presents (2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后 加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。 如: Jim and Mike's room (共用)的房间, Jim's and Mike's rooms(各自)的房间 (3)表示无生命的事物的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,如: a picture of my room 写出下列各词的复数 I ____ him ____ this _____ her ______ child _____ photo ____ diary____ day_____ foot____ book____ dress_____ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_____ peach______ man_____ woman_____ paper_______ juice______ water________ milk_______ we t em these their children photos feet books dresses diaries days sheep boxes peaches men women juicepaper milk water teeth This is _______________ class. (Amy 和 Mike的) They are _______________ classes. 女人的裙子:_____________ 警察的的帽子:____________ 三、代词 格 人称数 主 格 宾 格 单 数 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you 第三人称 he him she her it it 复 数 第一人称 we us 第二人称 you you 第三人称 they them •人称代词 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 He is taller than me. Her hair is longer than mine. my hair 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别: Her hair is longer than mine. my hair 有名则形,无名则名。 如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不能再用 冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等修饰词了。例如: 这是他的书桌。This is his desk. 与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要 放在形容词的前面。如:his English books 他的英语书,their Chinese friends他们的中 国朋友。 It's a bird. Its name is Polly. 它是一只鸟。它的名字叫波利。 He's a student. His mother is a teacher. 三、代词 格 人称数 主 格 宾 格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 单 数 第一人称 I me my mine 第二人称 you you your yours 第三人称 he him his his she her her hers it it its its 复 数 第一人称 we us our ours 第二人称 you you your yours 第三人称 they them their theirs •物主代词 this/these指空间上较近的事物; that/those 指空间上较远的事物。 •指示代词 Exercise: 从括号内选择正确的代词填空 1 . Your foo tba l l c l o thes a re on the desk . P lease pu t _________(they,them,their,theirs) away. 2. (We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _________(she,her,hers). 3. (I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can’t get my kite. Could you help _________(I,me,my,mine)? 4. Tom can’t get down from the tree. Can you help _________(he, him,his)? 5. We can’t find our bikes.Can you help _________(we,us,our, ours)? 6. ______(This, these) are _________(he,him,his) planes. The white ones are _________(I,me,mine). 四、形容词和副词 1、形容词的比较级: A + be动词+形容词比较级+ than +B 形容词比较级的变化规则: ① 一般在词尾加- er ,如:tall -- taller , strong -- stronger. ② 以不发音的e结尾时加-r ,如:fine -- finer, late--later. ③ 以辅音字母加-y结尾时,先改y为i再加-er, 如:funny-- funnier, heavy--heavier. ④ 以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写 最后的字母再加-er,如:big--bigger, thin--thinner, hot-- hotter You are taller than your mother. 2. 副词可以分为: •时间副词,如:now, yesterday, today等; •频度副词,如:often, usually, never, sometimes, always等; •程度副词,如:very, too, much, so等。 Yesterday, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, last Monday, last weekend, last night, last month, last year, just now, on my holiday, yesterday morning /afternoon/ evening/. 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? 5. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 6.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 7.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 8.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 基数词:表示数目(多少)的数词。 One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Twenty-one Twenty-two Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety A hundred 年龄和时间的表达用基数词。 五、数词 Learn these numbers and find out the rules: 一起找规律 1st first 2nd second 3rd third 4th fourth 5th 6th 7th 8th eighth 9th ninth 10th fifth sixth seventh tenth 11th eleventh 12th twelfth 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th twentieth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth 21st twenty-first 22nd twenty-second 23rd twenty-third 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th thirtieth 31st thirty-first twenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth 注意:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。 日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。 基变序,有规律, 一、二、三单独记。 -th ,四加起, 八去t来、 九去 e 。 遇到ve, f 替, -ty变为 tie, 后跟th莫迟疑。 若想表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。 1、把下列基数词变为序数词。 two_ three_ nine_ twelve_ twenty_ eight_ five_ thirty-one_ second third ninth twelfth twentieth eighth 2、按要求变换句子。 1、My birthday is on August fourth(对划线部分提问) is birthday? 2、Nick is thirteen(提问) ________ _________ is Nick? 3、My birthday is on January 10th.(一般疑问句并做否定回答) _____ _______ birthday on January 10th? No,______ _______ When your How old Is your fifth thirty-first it isn’t 能力训练 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday 序数词: Sunday Friday Saturday 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th a week Month? Say the months January ['dænjuəri] February ['februəri] March [mɑ:tʃ] April ['eiprəl] May [mei] June [dʒu:n] 写出下列月份的简写: July [dʒu:'lai] August ['ɔ:gəst] September [sep'tembə] October [ɔk'təubə] November [nəu'vembə] December [di'sembə] 1. Spring Festival (春节)is in _________ or _______. 2. Tree Planting Day (植树节)is in _______. 3. Mother’s Day is in ______. 4. National Day (国庆节)is in ________. 5. Teachers’ Day is in ____________. January February March May October September • Christmas Day(圣诞节) is in _________. • April Fool’s Day (愚人节)is in ________. • Children’s Day (儿童节) is in ________. • Students have summer holiday(暑假) in _____ and _____. • Thanksgiving(感恩节) is in _________. December April June June July November 2、年月日的表达 句型:When is your birthday/ New Year’s Day/…? What’s the date? 年:先读前两位,再读后两位,用基数词表示。in 1973 月:缩写形式,首字母要大写。in Sept. *日:一般用序数词表示。on June the first, 2013 (on June 1st, 2013) 3、时间的表达 •直接读出数字,先读小时,再读分钟 •半点或半点以内, 用past: 7:05 five past seven •超过半小时,接近整点时, 用to: 4:50 ten to five •一刻钟用a quarter:9:15 a quarter past nine 他7:45到达学校。 He gets to school at a quater to nine. 六、介词 1、时间介词:at, in, on, before, after, ... at, in, on在表示时间时的区别: 年用in, 月用in, 季节前面也用in, 上午下午还用in. 日子前面要用on, 若是遇到了时刻,就用at加前面。 2、方位介词:on, in, under, behind, in front of, near, over. on, over在表示位置上的区别: on表示在上面,强调两个物体相接触。 如:There is a book on the desk. over表示垂直在上的正上方,两个物体表面没有接触。 如:There is a bridge over the river. 七、Can 句型 (一)基本用法: 1. 表示体力或脑力方面的能力,意为“能;会”等。 例如:I can do the dishes. I can swim. 2. 表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。 用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句表示不允许。例如: Can I help you? You can’t play basketball. Can you...?“请你……好吗?”表示说话人的请求; Can I...?“我可以……吗?”用来征求对方是否允许自己 做某事。如:Can I wear my T-shirt today? 句式 构成与变化 肯定句 主语+can+动词原形+其它 如: I can play the piano. 否定句 主语+can’t+动词原形+其它 如: I can’t play the piano. 一般 疑问句 Can+主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Can you play the piano? Yes, I can. /No, I can’t. 特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词+ can开头的一般疑问句? 如:What can you do? How can I get to the park? (二)基本句式: Exercise: 一、改错。 ( )1 We can help she . ________ ( ) 2 She can’t washes the clothes . __________ ( ) 3 What can the cat does ? ____________ ( ) 4 Can you eat those beef? No, I can . _________ 二、填空。 2 She ______ ______ ______ ________( 不会打扫房间). 3 My mother ________ cook the meals .(我妈妈会做饭)。 4 (她姐姐会说英语。) Her sister_______ speak English . 5 (你会唱歌吗?) ______ ______ sing ? 八、There be 结构 •意义:表示在某地有某物(或人) •主语是单数,be 动词用is; 主语是复数,be 动词用are; 如果有几件物品,be 动词根据最接近be的那个名词决 定,简称“就近原则”。如: There is a pencil-case and three books in my schoolbag. There are three books and a pencil-case in my schoolbag. •句式:否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词放句首。 •与have (has ) 的区别: there be表示在某地有某物 (或人);have (has) 表示 某人拥有某物,二者不能同 时出现在句子中。 • some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于 肯定句,any 用于否定句或 疑问句。 用恰当的be动词填空。 1、There a lot of sweets in the box. 2 、 T h e r e s o m e m i l k i n t h e g l a s s . 3、There some people under the the big tree. 4、There a picture and 4 maps on the wall. 5、There lots of flowers in our garden last year. 6、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 7、There four cups of coffee on the table. ( )8.There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table . A . a r e , m a n y B . a r e , m u c h C . i s , m a n y D . i s , m u c h 变 化 规 则 举 例 一般情况在动词词尾加-s play—plays sing-sings 以ch, sh, s, x结尾的动词后加 -es teach—teaches wash—washes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-es fly—flies study--studies 第三人称单数变化规则: 九、动词 原形、第三人称单数、 现在分词、过去式 现在分词变化规则: 变化规则 举 例 一般情况直接加-ing go—going jump—jumping 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去e 加-ing write—writing come—coming 以重读闭音节结尾并且词末 只有一个辅音字母时,双写 最后一个辅音字母再加-ing run—running swim--swimming 过去式变化规则: 变化规则 举例 一般在词尾直接加-ed play—played clean—cleaned 以不发音的e结尾直接加-d live—lived dance--danced 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-ed study—studied 以重读闭音节结尾并且词末 只有一个辅音字母时,双写 最后一个辅音字母再加-ed stop--stopped 规则动词: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed: play watch wash clean visit cook walk jump return learn climb ski row relax 完整记忆版: 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted dance- danced, prepare- prepared 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双 写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如: stop-stopped, trip- tripped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study- studied 不规则动词单独记: do—did, go—went, read—read , sing- sang, eat—ate, take—took, have—had, buy—bought, see—saw, get-got, is—was, are—were, leave—left, swim—swam, fly—flew, come—came 补充:不规则动词的过去式(认知 版) do- did am/is- was are- were have- had read – read put--put write--wrote buy- bought go- went win- won eat- ate swim- swam see- saw sing- sang take- took say —said get ---got come-- came run--ran make-- made fly-- flew draw--drew 十、时态 (一)意义:表示经常发生的事情、动作或存在的状态 (二)构成及变化: 1、一般现在时 Be动词的变化 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are)+其它 如:He is my math teacher. 否定句 主语+ be + not +其它 如:He is not my math teacher. 一般 疑问句 Be +主语+其它? 如:Is he your math teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 特殊 疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:Who is your math teacher? (表1) 行为动词的变化 当主语为第一、二人称及复数时,助动词为do 肯定句 主语+动词原形(+其它) 如: We often play football on the weekend. 否定句 主语+ don’t+动词原形(+其它) 如: we don’t play football on the weekend. 一般疑 问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如: Do you often play football on the weekend? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句? 如: What do you often do on the weekend? (表2) 1、一般现在时 行为动词的变化 当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does 肯定句 主语+动词三单形式(+其它)。 如: He lives in Beijing. 否定句 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。 如:He doesn’t live in Beijing. 一般疑 问句 Does +主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Does he live in Beijing ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句? 如: Where does he live? (表3) 1、一般现在时 (三)时间标志:常与频度副词连用, 如: always, usually, often, sometimes,never… 1、一般现在时 (一)意义:当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 (二)构成:be动词(am, is ,are) +动词-ing形式 (三)时间标志:now,句前一般有look, listen等词。 十、时态 2、现在进行时 肯定句 主语+ be + 动词-ing + 其他. 如:I’m reading a book. 否定句 主语+ be + not +动词-ing +其他. 如:I’m not reading a book. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+动词-ing +其他? 如:Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:What are you doing? 十、时态 3、一般将来时 be going to +动词原形 肯定句 主语+be(am /is/ are) going to +动词原形+将来时间 I’m going to read a magazine this evening. 否定句 主语+be not going to +动词原形 +将来时间. I am not going to read a magazine this evening. 一般疑 问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它? Are you going to read a magazine this evening? Yes, I am. /No, I’m not. 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句? What are you going to do this evening? 注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go, come 等表位移的动词, 一般用该动词的进行时形式表示将来。如: I ’m going to the bookstore after school. He’s coming to China next week. 3、一般将来时 will +动词原形 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+其它. 如:He will come back tomorrow. 否定句 主语+ will+not +动词原形+其它. 如:He won’t come back tomorrow. 一般疑 问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Will he come back tomorrow? Yes, he will. /No, he won’t. 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:When will he come back? 3、一般将来时 十、时态 4、一般过去时 Be动词的变化 行为动词的变化 am 和is在一般过去 时中变为was; are在一般过去时 中变为were. 否定句在was或 were后加not; 一般疑问句把was 或were调到句首。 肯定句 主语 + 动词的过去式. 如:I watched TV. 否定句 主语+ didn’t + 动词原形. 如:I didn’t watch TV. 一般疑 问句 Did +主语+动词原形? 如:Did you watch TV? Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t. 特殊疑 问句 疑问词+ 一般疑问句? What did you do? 4、一般过去时 英语句子万万千, 总结时态不算难, 现在进行最简单, be动词后小跟班(ing), Be going to是一家,打算做啥要用它, 一般现在时好记, 不是三单用自己(动词原形), 看见三单要仔细, s/es不能乱代替。 句中动词有ed, 肯定就是说过去, 时态一定得熟知, 特殊形式特殊记。 区分时态顺口溜:

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