高考英语考前语法名词性从句复习课件

名词性从句 _____________________________ Noun clauses 在句中的 作用相当于名词 的从句即是 名词性从句 。 Tracey does whatever her parents ask her to do . The teacher did not accept my excuse that the dog ate my homework . _____________ ____________ 知识改变命运，学习成就未来 。 概念 独立存在的主谓语结构是主句。 不能独立存在而必须从属于主句的主谓结构是从句 。名词性从句就是在整个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 ________________ 名词性从句的类别及其意义 ① that 引导的从句：表一种 事实或观点 。 ( 表示感叹时用 how+ 形容词 / 副词或 what 引导 ) 名词性从句 ② whether 或 if 引导的从句：表示 一般疑问 ； ③ 特殊疑问词 引导的从句：表示 特殊疑问 (who, whom, whose; what; which; when, where, why, how; how many, how much, how often) ④具体对象 a. wh- 引导：表特指的人、物、事、时间、 地点、原因、方式等。 b. wh-ever 引导：表泛指的人、物、事、 时间、地点、原因、方式等。 近年高考中的名词性从句考点 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 合计 what 4 5 6 8 9 1 6 39 whatever 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 5 that 2 3 5 4 3 5 3 25 whether 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 7 where 1 1 0 1 0 2 3 8 when 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 how 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 5 why 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 who 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 whoever 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 4 if 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 which 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 whichever 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 合 计 11 14 13 16 18 17 16 105 ( 包括湖北卷完成句子题中的名词从句考点 ) 引导词 年份 ( that 引导的名词性从句 ) _____________________________ _________________________________ _______________________ ________________________________________________ _________________________________ ________________ __________________________ _________________________ 表示一种事实或一个观点 正因为 that 引导的从句在句中起名词作用时表示事实或观点， 故直接引语表示事实或观点时转化为间接引语时必须用 that 引导 (that 紧接在动词后面时常省略 ) ( 注意从句的时态和人称等的变化哦 ) ： _________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ __________________ _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________ _______________ ________________ ____________________ _____________________ _______________ ______________ ________________ __________________ __________________ 高考题中部分 that 引导的主语从句 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey . (1992) That you don’t like him is none of my business. (1992) ____________________________________________ 此句型中能用哪些动词？ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 此句型中能用哪些形容词？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 此句型中能用哪些名词短语？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ________________________________ ___________________________ 此句型中能用哪些 不及物动词 ？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____________ ___________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ 此句型中能用哪些 词语 ？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _____________________ Fortune often rewards those that have patience. 只要有耐心，总会走好运。 __________________________________ ___________________________________ _____________________ ___________________ ________________________ ________________ _____________ 哪些词语后面可以接 that 宾语从句？ 凡是 词法 或 词义 上能接事实或观点的词语！ 哪些主语后面可以接 that 引导的表语从句？ 一切本身表示事实或观点的主语 (the fact / possibility, My hope /suggestion / belief, etc.) ！ reason 做主语时，表语从句由 that 引导，不用 because 。 高考题中部分 that 引导的宾语从句 Having checked the doors were closed , and that all the lights were off , the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007 湖南卷 ) ___________________________ _________________ _________________________ 哪些名词后面可以接 that 引导的同位语从句？ 这取决于 that 引导的同位语从句本身的意义 — 表示事实或观点。换言之，凡是本身可以表示事实或观点的名词 ( 如 truth, news, etc. ) 后面都可以接 that 引导的同位语从句 。 总之， that 引导的名词性从句表示事实或观点， that 本身无意义， that 在从句中不充当任何成分。换言之，凡是表示事实或观点的本身不缺任何成分的名词从句就用 that 引导。 ( 常考点 ) 高考题中部分 that 引导的同位语 从句 There is no possibility that Bob can win the first prize in the match . (2001) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved . (2003 上海 ) A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court . (04 上海 ) Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas . Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon . (05 浙江 ) —It’s thirty years since we last met.—But I still remember the story , believe it or not,  that  we got lost on a rainy night . ( 06 四川 ) There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race . (06 天津 ) Doris' success lies in the fact that she is co-operative and eager to learn from others . ( 06 上海春季 ) The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterday’s newspaper. (2008 上海春招 ) ( 表示疑问 的名词性从句 ) 一般疑问用 whether( 正式 ) 或 if( 非正式 ) 引导。 ( 注意语序哦！！！ ) _________________________ __________________ _________________________ _________________ ______________________________ _______________________________ ________________________ _____________________________ 后面接表示疑问的名词从句时主句谓语必须能与表示疑问的信息搭配，也即，主句谓语不能是表示确定信息的词语 ( 如 be sure, believe, etc. ) ， 只能是表示非肯定或怀疑意义的词语 ( 如 ask, doubt, don’t know, wonder, etc. ) 。 特殊疑问用 wh- 连接词引导。 ____________________ _________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ _________________________ ____________________ ______________________________ 表示特殊疑问的名词性从句 从句 的作用 疑 问 句 名 词 从 句 主 语 Why they left the country is a secret. Where she went is none of your business. 宾 语 、、、、 Do you know when they are coming? ___________ _________________ _________________ ___________ _________ _______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ________________ 代 词 副 词 _______________ ________________ 代 词 副 词 总之，疑问词引导的名词性从句表示疑问， 表示一般疑问的引导词 在从句中不充当任何成分； 表示特殊疑问的引导词 在从句中充当成分 ( 疑问词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；疑问词是副词时在从句中作状语 ) 。换言之，凡是表示特殊疑问的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _______ he referred in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07上海39) A. That         B. What         C. Whether       D. Where ? to √ ________ × ________ _____ × ____ ______ × _____ _________________ ____________________________ Whether Whether Whether if 引导的名词从句作主语时 不能放在句首 ，作宾语时 不能紧接在介词后； 另外， if 引导的名词从句不作表语和同位语。 记住哦： 主语从句应与表语在意义上一致 — 主语从句表事实时表语也必是事实；主语从句是疑问时表语也该是疑问等非确定意义。表语从句与主语也应表意一致。 注意哦： _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________________ __ ____________ _________________ ____________________ 当 主句是疑问句 而 宾语从句又表示特殊疑问 且 主句谓语是表示观点、看法的动词 ( think, suppose, believe, say, imagine, propose ) 时，应把宾语从句的引导词 ( 特殊疑问词 ) 提到句首构成一种双重疑问句： What do you suppose has happened to her? What do you think I ought to read first? ____ __________________ ____ _________________ _____________________________ _______________________ _________________________ ________ _____________ ________________ ________________________ 哪些名词后面可以接 wh- 引导的同位语从句？ 这取决于 wh- 引导的同位语从句本身的意义 — 表示疑问。换言之，只有本身表示问题的名词 ( 如 question, problem, have no idea ) 后面才可以接 wh- 引导的同位语从句 。 Ability is the son of knowledge and a good habit. that 在从句中不作成分， 没有 意义； whether 和 if 是连词，在句中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略； 而 wh- 连接代词和连接副词 在从句中 充当某一 成分，且有意义 。 动词 doubt 表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接 whether 引导的宾语从句；否定句 don’t doubt 和疑问句 Do you doubt 要接 that 引导的从句。 e. g. I don’t doubt that he will come soon. 我不怀疑他不久会来。 Can you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？ I doubt whether it is true. 我怀疑那不是真的。 whether 从句几乎 能 作所有介词的宾语； that 引导的从句只能作 except, but, besides 的介词宾语。 e. g. I have no interest in whether he will come. He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes. whether 和 if 的区别 （ 1 ） whether 可以用于 discuss 和一般的介词，而 if 不能。 （ 2 ） whether 用于 所有的名词性从句，而 if 只能引导宾语从句； 主语从句在句首时不用 if ； 有形式主语 it 时 if 能引导 主语从句。 （ 3 ） whether 可以构成 whether or not 或 whether or no ， if 则不能。 但可以说 whether/if … or not, whether/if … or 。 （ 4 ） if 引导的从句可用于否定谓语 后 ， whether 从句 则不能 。 e. g. I don't care if you won't come. 我才不在乎他来不来呢。 He doesn’t care if you don’t pay the money. 你付不付钱他不在乎。 ( wh- 连接词 引导的指具体对象的名词性从句 ) __________________________ ________________________ _________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ( 泛指对象 ) ( 特指对象 ) You must believe in what you do and who you are if you want to succeed in the world. Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our mind when we are reading. Knowing how we feel when we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books. Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible . It is not enough to simply decide where you want to go . You must also consider when and how you want to travel . wh- 词 ( 此处称为连接词 ) 引导的名词性从句若表示具体对象 — 人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式等， 引导词 在从句中必须充当某种成分 ( 连接词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接词是副词时在从句中作状语 ) 。换言之，凡是表示具体对象的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _____ in learning English is enough practice. (07全国II 17) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which matter s most ? √ ____________________________________ 高考题中部分 表示泛指对象 的从句 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (88) Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests . (95) Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (99) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales , please? ( 2007 山东 ) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales , please? ( 2009 全国 I ) The how-to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job . (2009 陕西 ) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants . (97) These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them . (2000) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life. ( 湖南 2009) —How about camping this weekend, just for a change? —OK, whatever you want . ( 2010 浙江 ) Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (06 山东 27) 高考题中部分 表示特指对象 的从句 What we can’t get seems better than what we have . (96) A modern city has been set up in  what was a wasteland ten years ago . (04 天津 ) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed . (04 上海春季 ) The way he did it was different from what we were used to . (05 江西 ) What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. ( 06 辽宁 ) Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for . ( 07 江苏 ) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about what he will do or think . (08 年上海 ) I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside . (2010 北京 ) Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s where the best jobs are . ( 07 浙江 ) — Have you finished the book? (2010 全国 II ) — No. I’ve read up to where the children discover the secret cave . —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. (2010 江苏 ) —That’s where I don’t agree . You should have a more active life. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park . ( 08 天津 ) 引 导 词 用 法 特 点 例 句 whoever 表示“ 凡是 …… 的 任何人 ” , 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 Whoever works hard will pass the exam. He helps whoever is in trouble . Give the clothes to whoever needs them . Whoever a friend is is welcome. whatever 表 没限定范围 的 “ 凡是 …… 的 任何 物 / 事 ” ，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whatever he does is worth learning. Learn whatever benefits you . Help yourself to whatever you want . Don’t accept whatever gift you receive . Whatever knowledge you learn will do you good. whichever 表示 限定范围 中的“凡是 …… 的 任何 人 / 物” Whichever player scores the highest number of points will be the winner. I will like whichever you choose for me . 表示泛指对象的引导词的辨析 _________________________________ ___________ ____________________________ ____________________________ _______________ _________________ ____________________________________ _________________ _________________ __________________ ______ _____________________________ ______________________________ _______________________ ____________ ___________________ ____ ____________ ___ _________ _____________________________ __________________________ ______________ ( 名词性从句的引导词用法 ) what 和 which 引导的名词性从句的比较 what 引导的名词从句 which 引导的名词从句 We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have what we have here and treat food nicely. (10 福建 ) ( 作宾语指物 ) It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (10 浙江 ) ( 作定语指物 ) After what seemed a long time, he came back to life. ( 作主语指时间 ) He is now not what he was. ( 指人 ) When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know which lane he is entering. (10 上海 ) ( 指物作定语 ) I don’t know which of us was the more scared. ( 主语，指人 ) what 只能引导名词性从句，用于 没有限定选择范围 时的特指的物、事、人和时间、地点等 ，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 which 既可引导定语从句也可引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时用于 限定选择范围 ( 句中不一定指明范围 ) 的特指的疑问或人 / 物 。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 what 和 whatever 引导的名词性从句的比较 what 引导的名词从句 whatever 引导的名词从句 What he said is worth considering. I’m tired of what I’m doing. What he read yesterday was interesting. Take what you need most when shopping . Whatever your parents say ( 特指 ) ( 泛指 ) ( 特指 ) whatever I do ( 泛指 ) Not whatever he read ( 特指 ) ( 特指 ) ( 泛指 ) whatever measures you consider best ( 泛指 ) What 引导的名词从句既可以表示疑问，又可以表示具体的人、物、事或时间等对象，表示具体对象时必定是虽没限定范围但却是 确定 的，即指确定的人、物、事或时间等。 Whatever 引导的名词从句一般 不可能表示疑问 ，只能表示具体的对象 —— 主要指物或事，且该具体对象没限定范围且是 不确定 的任何物或事。 which 和 whichever 引导的名词性从句的比较 which 引导的名词从句 whichever 引导的名词从句 I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter which   it was ？ The teacher asked which of us had any problems . I have no idea which of the other European countries is the largest . You can choose whichever you want . Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. You can take whichever seat you want . Vote for whichever proposal you think most favourable . which 引导名词性从句时 只能 表示疑问 ，即询问 限定范围中的哪一个 / 些 。 whichever 引导名词性从句时 不能 表示疑问 ，只能表示具体对象 — 限定选择范围中的随便哪一个 / 些人或物 。 whatever 和 whichever 引导的名词性从句的比较 whatever 引导的名词从句 whichever 引导的名词从句 I'll do whatever you ask me to do. Whatever she did was right, I am afraid. These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （ NMET97 ） The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get. (2005 全国卷 III ) You can choose whichever you want . Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. You can take whichever seat you want . Vote for whichever proposal you think most favourable . whatever 引导名词性从句时只能指具体对象中的没有 限定选择范围 的 不同类的任何东西 。 whichever 引导名词性从句时 只能指具体对象中的 限定选择范围 的 同一类的任何一项 。 名词性从句引导词的用法 从句类别 引导词 引导词的作用 事实观点类 that 表 疑 问 一般 if whether 特殊 疑问代词 疑问副词 表 具 体 对 象 特指 连接代词 连接副词 泛指 连接代词 连接副词 表示事实或观点，引导词在从句中不充当成分。 表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。从句不作表语和同位语，作主语时不置于句首。不紧接 or not 。 从句表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。 表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中主要作各种状语。 从句指 特定的 人、物、事等。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 从句指 特定的 时间、地点、原因或方式、程度。引导词在从句中各种状语。 从句指 泛指的 人、物、事等。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 不能引导名词性从句。 ( 引导词在从句中不充当成分时从句不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语 。 ) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ _____________ √ ________________ √ ____________________ √ ________________ ____________ ______ ______________ √ √ _______ _____________ ____________________ √ √ 1 ___________________ 2 __________________ ___________ 1_______ 2 ________________________ __________________________________________ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Dear teachers ， ___ makes us depressed ____ we will graduate from No. 1 Senior School of Luotian. The reason why we are so sad is ____ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates. The days we spent together are full of joys and tears. _____ you are always so strict with us made me hate you. However, you are also ready to give your hand to ________ turns to you for help. Now we understand _____ you have tried to do for us. ______ you do and say is of great help to us. We don’t care about _______ we can survive the struggle for the National Entrance Exam or not. _____ we cherish is _____ we have enjoyed the process. Thanks for your teaching! Best wishes! It that that That whoever what What whether What that 书面表达中的名词从句应用