寒假讲义人教版八年级上册Unit1-2基础知识点复习

1 教师辅导教案 课 次： 寒假第一次课 年 级：初二 课 时 数：3 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 课程主题：第 1讲 U1-2基础过关 +短文填空 授课时间：2021年 1月 26日星期二 学习目标 1.掌握复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 2.复习一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 教学重点 不定代词，反身代词，副词辨析 教学难点 不定代词 教学内容 进门测试 语法选择 ( )1. It might rain in______ evening. You'd better take______ umbrella with you. A．a; the B．the; a C．the; an D．the; the ( )2. —What's your prediction about the ______of our school basketball match next week? —I am sure Class 8 will be the winner. A．reason B．result C．information D．point ( )3. Andrew is such a person who never gives up easily. I think ______can make him change his mind. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 2 ( )4. —How often do you borrow books from the library? —______a month. A．One time B．Two times C．Twice D．Three time ( )5. My father seems ______busy today, so I must help him. A．not to be B．not being C．being D．to be ( )6. In the future, robots will do ______ jobs in place of people in order not to get us______. A．bored; bored B．boring; boring C．boring; bored D．bored; boring ( )7. Mary ______ to solve the difficult problem by herself, but she failed. A．tries B．was tried C．tried D．is trying ( )8. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied ( )9. Do you know whom they ______ for at the bus stop now? A．were waiting B．are waiting C．waited D．have waited ( )10. --- What does Linda often do in the evening? --- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _______ TV. A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching 知识梳理 一、重点单词 1. ____________ pron.任何人★ 2. ____________adv.在任何地方 3 3. ____________ pron.某事；某物★ 4. ____________ pron.没有什么；没有一件东西★ 5. ____________ pron.每人；人人；所有人 6. seem v．____________★ 7. ____________ pron.某人★ 8. enjoyable adj.____________ 9. diary n．____________ keep a diary写日记 10. ____________ n．活动★ 11. ____________ v. & n．尝试；设法；努力★ 12. ____________ n．差别；差异 13. wait v．____________★ wait for等候 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 14. ____________ n．伞；雨伞★ 15. ____________ adj.湿的；潮湿的；下雨的 16. ____________ prep. & adv.在……下面；到……下面★ 17. ____________ adj. & adv.足够的(地)；充足的(地)；充分的(地)★ 18. ____________adv.像……一样；如同 conj.当……时；如同 4 19. ____________ n．家务劳动；家务事 20. ____________ adv.几乎不；几乎没有★ 21. __________adv.在任何时候；从来；曾经★ 22. once adv.____________★ once again/more再一次 once upon a time从前 once in a while偶尔；间或 23. twice adv.____________★ think twice再三考虑；重新考虑 24. ____________ n．节目★ 25. ____________ adj.忙的；满的；充满的 be full of充满 26. ____________ n．健康；人的身体(或精神)状态★ 27. ____________ n．结果；后果★ 28. ____________ conj.虽然；尽管；即使 29. ____________ prep.以；凭借；穿过★ 30. ____________ n．头脑，心智★ keep sth. in mind牢记某事 31. ____________adj. & pron.这样的；那样的；类似的 5 32. ____________ n．杂志；期刊★ 33. ____________ adv.然而；不过★ 34. ____________ adv.几乎；差不多★ 35. ____________ pron.没有一个；毫无★ 36. ____________n．得分；点 v．指；指向 point out指出；指明 point at...指向…… have a point有道理 二、词汇拓展 1. few adj. & pron.不多；很少★→____________(比较级)较少的；更少的 →____________(最高级)最少的 2. yourself pron.你自己；您自己→____________ (pl.)你们自己★ 3. bore v．使厌烦→____________ adj.厌倦的；烦闷的★→____________adj.没趣的；令人 厌倦的 4. decide v．决定；选定★→____________n．决定 5. build v．建造→____________ n．建筑物；房子→____________(过去式/过去分词) 6. trade n．贸易；交易 v．做买卖；从事贸易→____________ n．商人 7. wonder v．想知道；琢磨★→____________ adj.精彩的；绝妙的 8.different(adj.)→ (n.)差别；差异；区别→ (adv.)不同地 → (反义词 adj.)同一的；相同的 6 9. hunger n．饿；饥饿→____________adj.饥饿的 10. like v．& n．喜欢，喜爱→____________v．& n．不喜爱(的事物)；厌恶(的事物) 11. little adj.小的 adv.少许；少量→____________(比较级)→____________(最高级) 12. die v． 消 失 ； 灭 亡 ； 死 亡 ★→____________(过 去 式 /过 去 分 词 )→____________(现 在 分 词)→____________n．死；死亡 12.hard(adv.)努力→ ____________ (adv.)几乎不 13.die(v.)→____________ (n.)死；死亡→ ____________(adj.)死的；失去生命的 14.full(adj.)→____________(adj.反义词)空的 14.health(n.)→ (adj.)健康的→ (反义词 adj.)不健康的 15. swing n．摆动；秋千 v．(使)摆动；摇摆→____________(过去式/过去分词) 三、重点短语 1. ________________相当多；不少 2. ________________当然；自然★ 3. ________________给……的感觉；感受到 4. ________________因为★ 5. ________________特殊的事情 6. ________________至少；不少于；起码★ 7. ________________垃圾食品 8. ________________例如；像……这样★ 9. ________________多于 10. ________________少于 11. ________________去度假 12. ________________继续做某事★ 13. ________________去钓鱼/购物/滑冰★ 四、重点句型 1._____________________________________________________________________ 7 我只是大多数时间都待在家里读书并且放松。 2．Still no one________ ________ ________ ________．似乎仍然没有人觉得无聊。 3．_____________________________________________________________________ 天气晴朗炎热，因此我们决定到我们旅馆附近的沙滩去。 4．_________________________________________________我感觉自己就像是一只鸟儿。 5．_____________________________________________________________________ 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样子的。 6．_________ ________ ________ a day makes！一天的差异是多么大啊！ 7．And _________ ________ the bad weather，we couldn't see anything below.并且因为糟糕 的天气，下面的东西我们什么都看不到。 9．We all know that many students often go online，but we_________ ________ ________ ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.我们都知道很多学生经常上网，但我们很吃 惊他们中有百分之九十的人每天上网。 10．____________ many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular.尽管 许多学生喜欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。 11．_________ ________ ____________ ________ relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.通过上网或看游戏类节目是 很好的放松方式，但是我们认为最好的放松方法还是通过锻炼。 12．It is _____________ for the mind and the body.它对身心健康都很有利。 13．So ________ ________ before it's too late！开始锻炼，为时不晚。 基础知识过关测试 一、单项选择。 1．—What is Jim doing now? 8 —He is writing __ __ e-mail on ________ Internet. A．an；the B．a；an C．a；/ D．an；a 2．—My favorite TV __ __ is A Bite of China. —We like it，too.My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it. A．instruction B．guidebook C．entertainment D．program 3．The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in __ __ is very important. A．themselves B．itself C．ourselves D．yourselves 4．My mother prefers to take a bus to her office __ __ she has a car of her own. A．if B．because C．although D．until 5．Leo was so ____ that he rushed to the kitchen，hoping to find something to eat. A．thirsty B．hungry C．tired D．sleepy 6．You __ __ ever saw computers years ago，but now they are everywhere. A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly D．almost 7．“I don't think I am different from __ __else.I am just the son of a farmer，” Mo Yan said. A．anyone B．nobody C．someone D．everyone 8．When summer comes，a lot of people feel like __ __ to have fun. A．to swim B．swim C．swimming D．have swim 9．The children decide __ __ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 10．On May 22，a Han taxi driver __ __ an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang. 9 A．sent B．sends C．is sending D．has sent 11．—__ __ does Tom go to the club? —Once a week A．How often B．How soon C．How long 12．—Did you have a sports meeting yesterday? —No，we didn't.It was put off __ __ the heavy rain. A．instead of B．because of C．as for D．across from 13．—Oh，it's too difficult for me __ __ the task in such a short time. —Cheer up！I'm sure you can. A．finish B．to finish C．finished D．finishing 14．—Did you meet __ __？ —Yes，I met Guo Degang.He is ________to make everyone laugh. A．interesting anyone；funny enough B．anyone interesting；enough funny C．anyone interesting；funny enough D．interesting anyone；enough funny 15．—How was your weekend? —__ __！I enjoyed myself at the party with my friends. A．It is great B．It was great C．It is bad D．It was bad 二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 21．After the rain，the village looks (wonder) from the top of the hill. 22．You'll get (boring) when you have nothing to do. 23．Lucy's grandfather (die) when he was ninety years old. 10 24．Some food tastes good，but it is usually bad for our (healthy)． 25．You can see more new (build) on both sides of the street. 三、按要求完成下列句子。 26．They went to Yunnan last_summer．(对画线部分提问) ________they go to Yunnan? 27．The teacher explained to us the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon.(改为一般疑问句) the teacher to you the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon? 28．Frank moved to Lanzhou in_2020.(对画线部分提问) did Frank move to Lanzhou? 29．My brother plays basketball every_day．(对画线部分提问) does your brother play basketball? 30．They drove for another three hours after you went home.(改为同义句) They drove for _______ hours after you went home. 【知识梳理 3】语法--不定代词 【点拨】不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词，如：some，any， much，many，both，few等。 下表主要是关于 some，any，every，no加上 thing或 one构成的复合不定代词的含义及其 用法。 复合不 定代词 含义 用法 例句 11 thing something 某事；某物 肯定句 I'd like something to eat.我想要一些吃的 东西。 anything 某事；某物 否定句及 疑问句 Did you buy anything in the store？你在商店里 买东西了吗？ 任何东西 (事物) 肯定句 You can take anything you like.你 可以拿走任何你喜 欢的东西。 everything 一切 肯定句、 疑问句及 否定句 Don't worry.Every-thing is OK.不要担心，一切 都好。 nothing 没有什么 用于否定 句中，相 当于 not anything Mr.Smith said nothing.史密斯先生 什么也没有说。 one someone 某人 肯定句 Listen！Someone is singing.听，有人正 在唱歌。 anyone 任何人 肯定句 Anyone can do that. 任何人都能做到。 某人 否定句和 疑问句 Tom doesn't want to help anyone.汤姆再 也不想帮助人了。 everyone 人人； 大家 肯定句、 否定句及疑问 Everyone likes this movie.大家都喜欢 12 句 这部电影。 no one 没有人 否定句 No one went to the mountains yesterday. 昨天没有人去爬 山。 【拓展】(1)复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Everyone in the village is friendly.这个村子里的每个人都很友好。 (2)复合不定代词若有定语(形容词或动词不定式)修饰时，定语要放在其后。如： Let's do something interesting.让我们做一些有趣的事。 I'd like something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。 (3)在表示请求、建议等的疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定答复时，常用含有 some的不定 代词。如： Would you like something to eat？你想要一些吃的东西吗？ 选词填空。 everyone，anything，nothing， something，anyone，everything 1．There isn't __________ __________ new in today's newspaper. 2．—What else do you want? —_________ else.I think I've got everything ready. 3．Did you go to the Uprising Memorial Museum(起义纪念馆) with _________？ 4．_________ in the room looks very tidy and clean. 5．We can learn __________ about Chinese culture by visiting museums. 6．—Can you cook eggs with tomatoes? —Yes.__________can do it，because it is easy，I think. 13 【知识梳理 4】语法--常见的与 how连用的短语与用法 【归纳拓展】 ： 短 语 含 义 提问内容 答语 how often 多久一次 对频率提问 always, usually, often, sometimes, once/twice a day/month, every day, hardly ever, never how long ❶多长 ❷多久 ❶物体长度 ❷时间段 答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months, since two hours ago等时间段；two meters long how soon 多久之后 常用在一般将来时态的句子中， 其答语通常是“in＋一段时间” in＋一段时间 how far 多远 距离 ten kilometers/miles how many 多少 可数名词的量 相应的量 how much 多少 ❶不可数名词的量❷物品价格 相应的量 【即时演练】 1)— ___________are the Olympic Games held? —Every four years. 2)—____________ will your father be back? —In five days. 3)—_____________ is it from your home to school? —5 minutes' walk. 4)—______________ have you worked in this company? —Since three years ago. ◆写作素材包 常用作文开头语： 1．Last weekend，my parents and I had a trip to Beijing.(have a trip to sp.去某地旅行) 【试一试】去年暑假，我和朋友们去了桂林旅行。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．I'd like to go somewhere relaxing/interesting/beautiful/warm. 14 3．The summer/winter holiday/weekend is coming. 4．Here is my plan for the weekend. 常用作文中间语： 1．We plan to take a bus there.(plan to do sth.计划做某事) 【试一试】他计划先去游泳。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．I am going to have a good rest and relax myself.(be going to do sth.将要做某事) 3．I took many photos/ate delicious food/bought special gifts…(take photos拍照片) 4．The weather was fine and we climbed a mountain/went to the beach… 5．I really enjoyed walking around the town.(enjoy doing sth.喜欢/享受做某事；walk around 四处走走) 【试一试】我喜欢在乡村漫步，欣赏美丽的花儿。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 6．We take part in social activities as volunteers.(take part in参加；参与) 7．It was so beautiful that we forgot the time.(so…that…如此……以至于) 【试一试】这个地方如此静谧(peaceful)，以至于我们想在此居住。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 常用作文结束语： 1．We were a little tired，but we felt quite happy and relaxed. 2．All in all，it was an unforgettable trip. 3．We enjoyed a pleasant trip.And we are looking forward to going there next time. ◆典例剖析 假如你叫张华，是百色中学的一名学生，你校于 6月 9日(星期六)组织全体师生一起去森 林公园郊游，你们在那里度过了快乐的时光。请用英语写一篇 80词左右的日记，记录你的此 次集体之旅。 15 内容要点：1.天气； 2．目的地； 3．出行方式； 4．活动包括野餐、放风筝、爬山等； 5．发表自己的感受。 【审题指导】此篇书面表达要求写一篇日记，叙述过去发生的事情，故全文时态以一般过 去时为主。写作时应注意包含以下要点：天气、目的地、出行方式、活动以及自己的感受，可 作适当发挥。 【写作导图】 My SaturdayBeginning⇨I had a good time today. What I did⇨It was sunny and warm. We took the bus to the park. We had a picnic.We flew kites.We climbed the mountains. Feeling⇨Although we were a little tired，we were quite happy and relaxed. __________________________________________________________________________________ 16 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 课后作业 1． I could ________ control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back so many childhood memories. A．really B．Hardly C．nearly D．clearly 2．—I don't think history is more useful than physics. —I disagree. In my opinion, history is ________ physics. A．as useful as B．not so useful as C．less useful than D．the most useful of 3．—Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. —That is, it is larger than ________ country in Asia. A．any B．any other C．other D．another 4．—Where would you like to go this MidAutumn Festival? —I'd like to go________． A．everywhere relaxing B．somewhere relaxing C．peaceful anywhere D．peaceful somewhere 5．I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found ________． A．none B．Both C．one D．neither 6． It's dark. I can't see the words on the blackboard ________． A．carefully B．clearly C．silently D．patiently 7． On those foggy days, you could hardly see anything around you ________ it was at noon. A．so B．because C．but D．though 8．Jackie asked me ________ anything. A．not touch B．not touched C．not touching D．not to touch 9．—Excuse me，Sir.__ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall? —Well，only about five minutes' walk. A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon 17 10．—Jim，if you have __ __ to do，what about helping me in the garden? —OK，Mum. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 11．Try your best __ _ with your parents，and they will understand your decision. A．to talk B．talk C．to play D．play 12．—__ __ do you go to the sports club? —At least once a week. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How far 13．__ __ the sun was not yet up，many people were already taking exercise in the square. A．As B．If C．Though D．Because 14．—The meat is __ __ delicious. —Yes，but don't eat ________. A．too much；too much B．much too；too much C．too much；much too D．much too；much too 15．He said he would come to see us __ __ the next week. A．sometime B．some time C．sometimes D．some times 【预习思考】 教学建议：此处预设下节课讲解主题。 课程主题：梳理 U3-U4词汇短语+形容词、副词的比较级与最高级