M5 Unit 2 The environment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(原卷)

M5Unit2Theenvironment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud.Muck.Dirt.Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.Butwithoutsoil,wewouldcertainlybedead.Soiliskeytoalmosteveryaspectoflifeonland,fromwaterstoragetoclimateregulation,floodprevention,nutrientcyclinganddecomposition(分解).Thedirtbeneathourfeetisalsoanexceptionallyhighsourceofbiodiversity:someestimatessuggestthatatleastonequarterofallspeciesliveinoronthesoil.TheUNhasnamed2015theYearofsoilsand5DecemberalsohappenstobeWorldSoilDay.Asplantsgraduallycolonizedthelandandbegantoinputlargequantitiesoforganicmatterintothesoil,itswaterstoragecapacityincreased.Waterstorageandfiltration(过滤)isoneofthemostimportantrolessoilplays,eventoday:wedependonitforourdrinkingwaterandagriculture.Thewaterstoragecapacityofsoilisalsoimportantinreducingfloodrisk,aswellasprovidinganimportantbufferagainstdrought.Butsoilisalsofacingseveredangerthesedays.Ineffect,ouragricultureisreversingbillionsofyearsofsoilevolutionandmakingoursoilseasiertowearaway.Infact,halfoftheworld’stopsoil,themostactiveandimportantpartofthesoil,hasbeenlostoverthelast150years.Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale,andwiththepopulationsettoreach9billionby2050,thesecurityofourfuturefoodsupplyishanginginthebalance.Thegoodnewsisthatifwedobegintakingbettercareoftheworld’ssoilwecantakeadvantageoftheircarbonstoringcapacity,tohelpfightagainsttheeffectsofclimatechange.Wemightnotgiveitmuchthought,butsoilissilentlykeepingusalive.Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Soilhasbeenthoughthighlyofbyhumanrace.B.Soilhastoomanynamesforustocareforit.C.Wehaveneverpaidenoughattentiontosoil.D.It’shightimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectsoil.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hanginginthebalance”inparagraph4probablymean? A.Definite.B.Guaranteed.C.Ruined.D.Uncertain.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toshareacomment.B.Tomakeanappeal.C.Togiveanexample.D.Tointroduceatopic.B(2021·陕西榆林市教育科学研究所高三一模)Chemicalsarearequirementtokeepfarmerscompetitive,killpests,andproduceatascalethatmeanstheycanhaveagoodlivelihood.However,theEUhasbanned250chemicalpesticides,forcingfarmerstocomeupwithalternativesolutions.Theanswertoanenvironmentallyfriendlypest-freefarmisducks.Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.However,aftersomedigging,wehavefoundthatitisrealinmanyotherplaces.ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducksontheircropsinordertokeepoffsmallerbugs.Awinevineyard(葡萄园)calledVergenoegdinSouthAfricahasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.Thelocationoftheplaceisbesidealargelakewhichmakessnailsarriveinincrediblenumberstothelocation.Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbythesnails.Tocombatthis,thefarmershiresomeducks.Everymorning,theduckswillslowlygothroughthevineyardsandwillfinishupbyabout4pm.Afullday'sworkmaysoundprettytoughbuttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.Thefarmhasbeenusingduckssince1984aspesticidesarenottheonlybenefit.Ducksalsoprovidegreatfertilizerastheirpooisveryhighinnutrientsandhelpsthevinestogrowquicklyandstrongly.Whileusingducksinsteadofpesticidesseemstobeawin-winsituationallaround,itdoeshaveitsdrawbacks.Mostnotably,thecost.AtVergenoegd,theduckscostaboutnineteenthousanddollarsperyeartocarefor.ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.Farmersareworkingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtheirproductstoshowitismoreenvironmentalawareness.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheimagesmentionedinparagraph2?A.Theywereverypopular.B.Theyprovedtobereal.C.TheyweretakeninJapan.D.Theypollutedtheenvironment.5.WhydothefarmersuseducksinVergenoegd?A.Tomakeithometomoresnails.B.Toexpandthesizeofthevineyard.C.Totryanewwayofraisingducks.D.Tokeepitawayfromharmfulinsects.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devoured”inparagraph3probablymean? A.Tidied.B.Eatenup.C.Decorated.D.Takencareof.7.Whatcanweinferabouttraditionalchemical-basedmethodaccordingtoBadenhorst?A.Ithasmoreadvantages.B.It’llgainmorepopularitylater.C.Itcanbeexpensivesoon.D.Itfailstobeenvironment-friendly.C(2021·福建龙岩市高三一模)Plastic,adurablematerial,isprobablythedefinitive20thcentury“mod-con”.Ithasprovedattractivetoconsumersandmanufacturers.Butthetide,nowpackedwithanadditional8milliontonsofplasticenteringtheoceansannually,isslowlyturning.ThescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishingMorethan6.3billiontonsofplasticwastehasbeenproducedsincethe1950s,morethanhalfofwhichwasproducedinthepast16years,andplasticproductionisexpectedtodoubleagaininthenext20years.Despitehigherrecyclingrates,largeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.Estimatessuggesttherewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheseaby2050andthereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.Anecologicallyandtechnologicallysuperiorreplacementformanyusesofplasticislongoverdue.Consumershavebecomekeenrecyclers.Yetthisisnotasgoodanoutcomeasitseems.Evenwhenplasticsarerecyclableandputinarecyclingbin,themajoritystillendsupinlandfill,causinghugeemissionproblems,orendsupinthesea.Recyclingisacomplex,expensive,low-profitbusiness.Itismadeharderbecause,although95percentofpeopleintheUSandEUmarketsrecycle,onlyabout30percentrecyclecarefullyenoughforittobeusable.Nevertheless,growingdemandforalternativestoplasticisrunningaheadofthescientificbreakthroughs.Theseareneededtoensuretheenvironmentalimpactofreplacingitisanetpositive.Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible—howevercouldexacerbatesglobalwarming,amorepressingproblem.Havingturnedconsumersintokeenrecyclers,governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatory,environmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclableoruneconomicalmaterials.Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.Thiswouldbeaworldinwhichunnecessaryandeco-unfriendlyplasticiscompletelyremoved,allplasticpackagingis100percentreusableorrecyclable.Thewastemustend.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusabout? A.Plasticproduction.B.Lifechain.C.Materialsubstitution.D.Plasticproblem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Affect.B.BetterC.RemoveD.Worsen.10.Whatwillmanufactureshavetodowithoutusingrecyclablematerials?A.Payfortheoutcome.B.Refundtheconsumers.C.Abandontheirproducts.D.Providetherecyclingstuff.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toinformusoftheplasticproblem.B.Topraiseconsumers’senseofresponsibility.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaysolvingtheplasticproblem.D.ToindicatemanufacturersshouldcreateasaferenvironmentD(2021·内蒙古包头市高三期末)Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeburninggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuelstoheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste-to-heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco-friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循环论证的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing. Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.12.WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A.Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.C.HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.13.Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A.Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.B.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.D.Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.14.Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A.Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.B.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C.Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D.Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.15.Fromwhichisthetextpossiblytaken?A.Abookoncityenvironment.B.Anewsreportonlocalenvironment.C.Asciencereportonpublichealth.D.AtravelguideonSweden.二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·丹东市教师进修学院高三模拟)Recyclingreferstotheprocessofcollectingusedmaterialswhichareusuallyconsideredas‘waste’andreprocessingthem.Someofthemostcommonitemsthatarerecycledareplastic,glass,paper,batteries,etc.Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.1Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.Oneofthebiggestreasonsisthatrecyclingreducesthepressureonourenvironment.Byusingwasteproductsinameaningfulway,wecanslowlydecreasethesizeofourlandfills.Asthepopulationgrows,itwillbecomedifficultforthelandfillstoholdsomuchtrash.Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.2Weknowthatrecyclinginvolvestheprocessingandusageofcoreelementsofoldproductsfortheproductionofnewproducts.3Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.4Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymore costlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Ifyouthinkthatitmakesnodifferencewhetheryourecycleornot,thinkagain!Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.5Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.A.Recyclingisgoodforyourwallet.B.Thishelpsinsavingournaturalresources.C.Itstopshumansfromdamagingtheenvironment.D.Recyclinghelpstogetridofoldthingsandwaste.E.However,noteveryoneknowshowimportantitistorecycle.F.Wheneachofustakesaction,italladdsupandmakesarealdifference.G.Recyclinghelpstokeepthepollutionundercontrolanddecreaseitlittlebylittle.三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·湖北高三模拟)Withabout100,000marineanimalsbeingchokedorinjuredbyplasticeveryyear,thedangerposedbythepiecesofplasticfloatinginouroceansiswell-known.However,giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm,collectingthemisa(n)1task.Now,someDutchenvironmentalistshavefoundawaytocatchplasticwaste2itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces.The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.Scientists3bydevelopinga“plasticfisher”,afloatinggarbage4device.Fittedwithtwofoldingarmsthatenlargeseveralfeetintothewater,itusesanetto5wrappers,bottles,anyothergarbagethatfloatspast.Themovabledevice,whichtookayearandahalftobeperfected,wasthenplacedattheedgeoftheharbortocollectthecitythattrash6intheNewMeuseriver,whichroseinFranceandpassedthroughBelgium,andtheNetherlands,before7intotheNorthSea.SinceRotterdam’sNewWaterwayCanallinkstherivertotheNorthSea,itwasthe8placetocatchthe“fresh"plasticwastebeforeitdisappearedintotheopenwatersandbrokeinto9.Thewastecollectedbythe“plasticfisher”andhundredsofvolunteers,who10theriverbanks,wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六边形的)floatswhichwere11tocreatethepark.Someoftheblocksare 12tovisitors,whileothershousevarioustypesofplantsandeventreesfornestingbirds.Thebottomofthefloatsprovidesasuitable13foralgae,mussels,andfish.Therecycled14canalsobeusedtobuildsportsstadiums,publicwalkways,andculturalcenters.15,RecycledFloatingPark’ssuccesswillencouragecountriesworldwidetotakeonsimilarplans.1.A.challengingB.surprisingC.impressiveD.responsible2.A.afterB.asC.beforeD.when3.A.preparedB.consumedC.succeededD.began4.A.calculationB.collectionC.conservationD.selection5.A.catchB.provideC.offerD.produce6.A.gatheredB.recycledC.distributedD.expanded7.A.flowingB.spreadingC.blowingD.extending8.A.centralB.safeC.idealD.remote9.A.massesB.piecesC.pilesD.bands10.A.wipedB.removedC.submittedD.combed11.A.separatedB.dividedC.connectedD.assorted12.A.emptyB.blankC.bareD.open13.A.capacityB.locationC.exitD.environment14.A.rangesB.blocksC.spacesD.squares15.A.HopefullyB.ObviouslyC.NaturallyD.Fortunately四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2020·浙江绍兴市高二期末)Whenmanstartshisworkinnature,thebalanceislikely1(disturb).Hegrowsacropandtakesitawaytoeat;thentherearenodeadleavestofallontheground,holdingwaterwhileitsinksintothesurface.Thusheismostlikelytomaketheland2(bad)yearbyyear.Totaketheplaceoftheusefulmatterinthecropsthatheremoves,heusessomekindoffertilizer.Insomeplaces,itisahabittoburnwastematerial3(lie)about,butsuchburningdestroystheusefulmatterthattheplantsneedtogrow.Inthepast,whentheworldpopulationwasmuchless,manhadlittledifficultygrowingthefood.Whenafield4hadbeenusedforsomeyearsbecametired,thefarmercouldmovetoanotherplace.Thetiredland thenslowlyrecovered.5(Gradual)grassesandotherplantswouldappearonitandits6(product)powerwouldslowlyreturntonormal.Butnature,7(leave)alone,wouldtakealongtimetobringbackthelandtoitsformerstate.Thelengthoftimerequiredwould8onlocalconditions,butitmightwellbetenyears.Anyway,9isabadpracticetogrowthesamecropinafieldyearafteryearandisman’s10(responsible)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofsoilprotection.五、写作写作(一)(2021·河南开封市高三三模)假定你校英语社团举办以“Thewaytoprotecttheenvironment”为主题的演讲活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容主要包括：1.保护环境的重要性；2.保护环境的具体措施。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作(二)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2021·山东高三三模)Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvest(马甲)carryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun?”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI'dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later,Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink,“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?Peoplearesoinconsiderate?”However,shortlyafter,Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneease’sproblem. NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound,pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact,Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw,reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment,metwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday,Ihadanepiphany(顿悟):“I’mactingjustlikeVestLady!”Buttherewastoomuchrubbisharound,cigaretteendslitteredabout,cansrollingonthestreet,piecesofpaperhiddeninthegrassandplastic.alonewastooweakJHowwouldIgetmorevolunteersinvolvedinrubbishremoval?Asmartideaflashedintomymind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para1:SoonIcreatedmywebsitegopickingupcom.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:Moreandmorepeopleonvestswiththeirownnames.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________