《师说》英汉对照

师说OntheTeacher　　古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。　　Inancienttimesthosewhowantedtolearnwouldseekoutateacher,onewhocouldpropagatethedoctrine,impartprofessionalknowledge,andresolvedoubts.Sincenooneisbornomniscient,whocanclaimtohavenodoubts?Ifonehasdoubtsandisnotwillingtolearnfromateacher,hisdoubtswillneverberesolved.Anyonewhowasbornbeforemeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeismyteacher.Anyonewhowasbornaftermeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeisalsomyteacher.SincewhatIdesiretolearnisthedoctrine,whyshouldIcarewhetherhewasbornbeforeorafterme?Therefore,itdoesnotmatterwhetherapersonishighorlowinposition,youngoroldinage.Wherethereisthedoctrine,thereismyteacher. 　　嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰“师”曰“弟子”云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！　　Alas!Thetraditionoflearningfromtheteacherhaslongbeenneglected.Thusitisdifficulttofindapersonwithoutanydoubtsatall.Ancientsages,whofarsurpassedus,evenlearnedfromtheirteachers.Peopletoday,whoarefarinferiortothem,regardlearningfromtheteacherasadisgrace.Thus,wisemenbecomemorewiseandunlearnedmenbecomemorefoolish.Thisexplainswhatmakesawisemanandwhatmakesafoolishman.Itisabsurdthatapersonwouldchooseateacherforhissonoutofhisloveforhim,andyetrefusetolearnfromtheteacherhimself,thinkingitadisgracetodoso.Theteacherof hissonteachesthechildonlyreadingandpunctuation,whichisnotpropagatingthedoctrineorresolvingdoubtsastheaforementioned.Idon’tthinkitwisetolearnfromtheteacherwhenonedoesn'tknowhowtopunctuate,butnotwhenonehasdoubtsunresolved,forthatIfindtobethefollyoflearninginsmallmatters,butneglectingthebigones.Evenmedicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmendonotthinkitdisgracefultolearnfromeachother.Whenoneoftheliteraticallsanothermanhis"teacher"andhimselfhis"student"peoplewillgettogetherandinvariablylaughathim.Ifyouaskthemwhytheyarelaughing,theywillsaythatsinceheisalmostofthesameageandaseruditeasanotherman,itwouldbedegradingforhimtocalltheotherman"teacher"iftheotherman'ssocialrankislowerthanhis;anditwouldbeflatteringiftheotherman'ssocialrankishigher.Alas!Itisclearthatthetraditionoflearningfromtheteachercannolongerberestored.Medicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmenaredespisedbythegentlemen.Howstrangeitisthatgentlemenarelesswisethanthesepeople! 　　圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。　　Theancientsagesdidnotlimitthemselvestoparticularteachers.ConfuciushadlearnedfrompeoplelikeTanzi2,Changhong3,Shixiang4,andLaodan5,whowerenotasvirtuousandtalentedasConfucius.Confuciussaid"Ifthreemenarewalkingtogether,oneofthemisboundtobegoodenoughtobemyteacher."Astudentisnotnecessarilyinferiortohisteacher,nordoesateachernecessarilybemorevirtuousandtalentedthanhisstudent.Therealfactisthatonemighthavelearnedthedoctrineearlierthantheother,ormightbeamasterinhisownspecialfield.　　李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。Pan,thesonofLi"sfamily,whoisonlyseventeenyearsold,lovestostudyChineseclassicsoftheQinandHandynasties,andmastersthesixjingandtheirannotations.Hedoesnotfollowconventionsandiswillingtolearnfromme.Iappreciatehisabilitytoactinaccordancewiththeoldtraditionoflearning.ThereforeIdedicatethispiecetohim. 师说(韩愈)－OntheTeacher古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无*，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰“师”曰“弟子”云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。Inancienttimesthosewhowantedtolearnwouldseekoutateacher,onewhocouldpropagatethedoctrine1,impartprofessionalknowledge,andresolvedoubts.Sincenooneisbornomniscient,whocanclaimtohavenodoubts?Ifonehasdoubtsandisnotwillingtolearnfromateacher,hisdoubtswillneverberesolved.Anyonewhowasbornbeforemeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeismyteacher.Anyonewhowasbornaftermeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeisalsomyteacher.SincewhatIdesiretolearnisthedoctrine,whyshouldIcarewhetherhewasbornbeforeorafterme?Therefore,itdoesnotmatterwhetherapersonishighorlowinposition,youngoroldinage.Wherethereisthedoctrine,thereismyteacher.Alas!Thetraditionoflearningfromtheteacherhaslongbeenneglected.Thusitisdifficulttofindapersonwithoutanydoubtsatall.Ancientsages,whofarsurpassedus,evenlearnedfromtheirteachers.Peopletoday,whoarefarinferiortothem,regardlearningfromtheteacherasadisgrace.Thus,wisemenbecome morewiseandunlearnedmenbecomemorefoolish.Thisexplainswhatmakesawisemanandwhatmakesafoolishman.Itisabsurdthatapersonwouldchooseateacherforhissonoutofhisloveforhim,andyetrefusetolearnfromtheteacherhimself,thinkingitadisgracetodoso.Theteacherofhissonteachesthechildonlyreadingandpunctuation,whichisnotpropagatingthedoctrineorresolvingdoubtsastheaforementioned.Idon"tthinkitwisetolearnfromtheteacherwhenonedoesn"tknowhowtopunctuate,butnotwhenonehasdoubtsunresolved,forthatIfindtobethefollyoflearninginsmallmatters,butneglectingthebigones.Evenmedicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmendonotthinkitdisgracefultolearnfromeachother.Whenoneoftheliteraticallsanothermanhis"teacher"andhimselfhis"student"peoplewillgettogetherandinvariablylaughathim.Ifyouaskthemwhytheyarelaughing,theywillsaythatsinceheisalmostofthesameageandaseruditeasanotherman,itwouldbedegradingforhimtocalltheotherman"teacher"iftheotherman"ssocialrankislowerthanhis;anditwouldbeflatteringiftheotherman"ssocialrankishigher.Alas!Itisclearthatthetraditionoflearningfromtheteachercannolongerberestored.Medicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmenaredespisedbythe gentlemen.Howstrangeitisthatgentlemenarelesswisethanthesepeople!Theancientsagesdidnotlimitthemselvestoparticularteachers.ConfuciushadlearnedfrompeoplelikeTanzi2,Changhong3,Shixiang4,andLaodan5,whowerenotasvirtuousandtalentedasConfucius.Confuciussaid"Ifthreemenarewalkingtogether,oneofthemisboundtobegoodenoughtobemyteacher."Astudentisnotnecessarilyinferiortohisteacher,nordoesateachernecessarilybemorevirtuousandtalentedthanhisstudent.Therealfactisthatonemighthavelearnedthedoctrineearlierthantheother,ormightbeamasterinhisownspecialfield.Pan,thesonofLi"sfamily,whoisonlyseventeenyearsold,lovestostudyChineseclassicsoftheQinandHandynasties,andmastersthesixjing6andtheirannotations.Hedoesnotfollowconventionsandiswillingtolearnfromme.Iappreciatehisabilitytoactinaccordancewiththeoldtraditionoflearning.ThereforeIdedicatethispiecetohim.