初二新世纪英语
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初二新世纪英语

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时间:2021-07-01

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Campus Life Unit 1 Lesson 1 一、 单词: 1. agree v.同意 agreement n. 同总 disagree v.不同惫 agreeable a.令人高悦的 2. success n.成功 succeed v.成功 successful a. 成功 successfully ad.成功 3. suggest vt.建议,提出建议 suggestion n.建议 4. volunteer n.志愿者 v.白愿的 voluntary v.自愿的 > 主动的 5. publish vt ・出版,发行 publishing n.出版业 publisher n.出版商 6. responsibility n.责任感 responsible a.资任 response n.回答,答复 7. reader n.读者 read v.阅读 reading n.阅读 8. writer n.作家 write v.写 rewrite v.改写,垂写 9. advertisement n. 广告 advertise v.做广告,公布 advertising n.做广告 Campus Life advertiser n.登广告的人 10. attractive a.吸引人的 attraction n. 吸弓 I attract v.吸引 二、 词组,笔记: 1. chief editor = editor in chief 主编 2. school newspaper 校报 3. preside over 主持,主管 Father always presides over dinner. 4. get started = start / begin doing slh ・ 5. start our school newspaper 开办我们的校报 6. discuss the name and sections 决定名称和栏 H 7. at this meeting = at the conference 在会议上 & be a success 会成功 9. set the ball rolling 开始 10. Let me speak first. 让我先说 let sb to do sth 11 .CAMPUS STAR 校园 Z 星 CAMPUS MIRROR 校园之镜 12」prefer CAMPUS STAR to CAMPUS MIRROR ・ 我老欢 校园 z 星胜过于校园 z 做。 13.1 couldn\ agree more = I see eye to eye with you 完全 同总 14. NAT1ONAL AND INTERNATIONAL NEWS 国 内和国际新闻 15.STUDENTS' VOICE 学牛・ Z 声 16. FUN TIME 欢乐一刻 17. ADVICE PAGE 忠吿栏 18. bc sure about sth 19,in one's opinion 按某人的意见 Campus Life 20. focus on 集中在•着重在 2 Lon campus 在校园中 22. Whafs your view on that ? 你对那有什么意 见? 23. agree with sb.同意某人的意见 24. a job advertisement —则招工广告 25 ・ twice a month 一个月两次 26. voluntccr editors and reporters 志愿编辑和记者 27. a must 必要条件 28. have good grade 有很好的成绩 29.in all their school subjects 在所有的学科 30.in addition = what's more 除此以外 31 .have a high sense of responsibility 有很好的责任感 32. be interesting in 对..............感兴趣 33. view = personal opinion or attitude 看法,见解,观点 34. suggest = put sth. / sb. fonvard for consideration 建 Our School Newspaper 议,提议 35. dccision = deciding : making up one's mind 决 ML 决议, 结论 36. unless = if... not 除非,若不 37. revvrite = write sth. again in a difterent from or style 改写, 重写 38.involve = include or affect (sb ・ / sth.) in its operation 包 括,包含 39.detail = small, particular foct or item 细节,详情 三、句型结构 1.1 couldn't agree more. = I agree completely.我非常同意。 表示完全同意的说法还冇: 1 certainly agree.我当然同意。 I quiet agree with you.我很同意你的意见。 Thafs my opinion , too ・ 这也是我的总见。 2. suggcst vt.建议,提出建议(后接名词,动词或宾语从 句〉 1 suggest doing it in a different way•我提议用不同的方式做 这件事。 Tom suggested 什 ie plan to Peter.汤姆向皮特提出这个计 划。 Campus Life Brandcr suggested that she (should) wear a jacket. Brander 建议她应穿夹克衫。 四. 语法讲解 The adverbial clause of condition (unless) unless 是个从屈连词,引导条件状语从句。由于 unless 具有否定意 义,因此它引导的是个否定的条件(如果…… 不)可以把它看作是 if... not 的同义表达 手段。如: Unless he comes ・・・=If he doesn't come …如果他不 來…… Unless you work hard ,you will fhil. =If you don't work hard ,you will 恰 il ・ 如果你不努力工作,你会失败的。 Unless 从句,如同 if 从句一•样,也用--般现在时代替-般 将来时。 Unless it rains• fll pick you up at 6:00. Campus Life Unit 1 Lesson 2 I .VOCABULARY 1. fine adj.好,(身体好) n. 罚金 pay a fine of 200 yuan v. be fined 被罚款 2. renew vt. = replace (sth.) with new of the same kind 更新,续借 renew a book 续借一本书 e.g. If you can't finish reading it, you'll have to renew it, 假如你 还没读完,你还可以续借它。 * re〜 前缀表示“重新,再.............................. " 例如:reread , rewrite ........... *3 ・ library n.图书馆 librarian n.图书馆管理员=someone who works in a library 4. title = headline 标题 5. loan "thing that is lent 暂借,贷款 on loan 何借的;被暂借的 6. at most 至多=no more than at least 至少 e.g.【Fs useless Afs worth 5 yuan at most. 它没什么用,做*值 5 元。 He’s in primarry school .so he is 7years old at least ・ 他在 读小学,他至少 7 岁了。 7. recall vt./n.收回/催还通知书 =order sb. to return & dx adj•要到期了 over-due adj.过期了 9. fill vi./vt.填写(只能表示动作,不能表示状态) e.g. Fill youer bag with your books ・ 如果不下雨,我将在六点钟把你接走. At the School Library 把你的书包装满书。 The cars till the street. 街道上挤满了汽车。 表示状态(物)be full of = be filled with Campus Life c.g. [x>ok , the basin is full of water. 看,这个盆子装满了水! The street is full of cars 街道上挤满了汽车。 fill in the blank / form ,table 填空 / 表格 表示状态(人)be crowded with 10. in lime 及时(可以早一些〉 on time 准时(不用提前)・ 11. with one's voice 异 口同声 one at a time 一次一个人 12. collection n.收集;收藏 a large collection of collect v.收集;募 集 13. offbrsb.sth.主动提出 14. store money 储存钱 store in format i on 储〃信息 15. use n./v.使用 make full use of 充分利用 user n.使用者;用户 usefiil / useless adj.有用的 / 无用的 usefully adv.有用地 16. music n.音乐(不可数) musical n.音乐剧 adj.音乐的 musical inslrumcnl 乐器 musician n.音乐 家 17. A as well as B (强调 A) = not only ... but also 不 但……(B) 而且……(A)也 也=in addition 除.................... 以外(动词与 A 保持一致) as well (后而不接任何东西) 18. no matter 不管.............. + what / where / when / how 19. eiijoy oneself = have a good / wonderful / lovely time 过得愉快 2O.cxhibit v.展出 Campus Life n.展品 exhibition n.展览,展览会 21 .store ■= keep 储存 II .TEXT l..................................................................... do a project on sth.做一个 关于.........................................................................的课题 厂 on 专门关于 about 泛泛关于 c.g. do a project on Western culture and customs 做-个关于西方习俗和文化的课题 2. -borrow sth. from sp. / sb.从................... 地方借到...............东两 / 4 lend sth. to sb.把某物皆给某人 c.g. borrow some books from the school library 从学校图书馆借一些书 3. find some infonnation 找一些资料 information,news, advice,weather,iiin 最常用的不可数名 词 4. May I help you? = Whal can 1 do for you? 冇什么需要帮 助的么? 5. check for sth. on the computer 在电脑上找一些资料 6, ten minutes later 十分钟过后 7.in that case 既然如此 8. pay a fine 付罚金 pay a fine of 100 yuan 付了 100 元 的罚款 9. five pence a day for each book 毎•本书每天 5 便士 lO.on loan 暂借的 11 .write down the details of the books 写下这些书的细节 12.what do you mean by that ... ?你说的这是什么意思? 13.011 in this fonn 填写这张表格 fill in = fill out 填写 so that = in order that (为了........................ 以便)+ 目 的状谄从句 用来连接两个句子(主+训) in order to do = so as to do 其两者相比较: I got up early in order to / so as to catch the early bus ・ I got up early in order that / so that I couldcatch the early bus ・ 14,have no idea of it. = do idea sth.对此爭一无所知 Campus Life m.READING l.in the west 在西方 2. more than = not only 不仅仅 3. provide sb. with sth. = provide s(h. for sb.提供给某人某 物 provide me with a lot of information =provide a lot of information for us 提供一些信息给 我们 4. scicncc fiction 科幺 J 小说 5.in the music section of the library 在有关音乐的图书馆 里 6.ofter special services for blind people 提供特殊服务给 Li 人 7. topics of interest 主题为“冇趣" 8. pleasant adj.令人满意的 How pleasant the weather is! pleased adj.感到满意的 What pleasant weather! a pleasant trip 一个令人满怠的旅行 pleasure n. 乐趣,趣事 IWGRAMMAR l.IIow many books may I borrow at a time? 每次我能借几 本书? 2. How can I recall them?我怎样收回它们? 3 ・ The adverbial clause of purpose with so that (so that 引 导的宾语从句) Campus Life Unit 1 Lesson 3 International School 1 •同义解释 I .set up = establish or create srh. 建立、设立 2. equip = supply 配备、装条 3. required = compulsory 必须的> 规定的,指定的 4.optional = not compulsory 任选的,选修的 5. achieve = gain or reach(sth.)usually by effbrt,skill,courage,clc. 取得 6. consist of = be made up of 由......................组成 7. stafF = group of assistants working together in a business 全体职 员,全体老师 &major = important ^personal 主修的,主要的 9. minor = smaller,less scriousjcss important 副修的,次要 的,副课 10. elementary = basic.of the beginning stages 初级的,基本 的 II .sccondary=following primary or junior high schools 中等 的,第二 的 12.privatc - personal 私人的,私右•的 13.inibrmal=not tonnal 非疋式的,非疋规的 14.one another = each other 互相 15. cxccllcnt = very good 优秀的 II •词性转化 1 ・ equip A Homepage for Dongfang 装备.配备 e.g. In recent years, flood have caused billions of dollors 因为我病了, 我不能去。 I can't go because lam ill. 近年來,洪水造成了数十亿美金的损失。 我不能去因为我病了。 equipment n. 设备.装备 English,Mathematics,IIistory,Geogtaphy and so on. 2. second det. 第二 Campus Life second n. 秒 7.takc college admission tests 参加大学入学考试 secodaiy a. 中等的、第二的 take off 脱下,(飞机)起 1 £ take seat 坐 3. educate V. 教育人 下 education n. 教育 take back 收回,送回 take away 拿走.使 4. chemistry n. 化学 离开 chemist n. 药剂师 take action 采取措施 take up 开始学 Campus Life 习 chemical a. 化学的 take care of 照顾,料理 take care 当心 5. attract V. 吸引 take charge of 负责 take down (拿,放, attraction n. 吸引 记)下來 attractive a. 具冇吸引力的 take hold of 抓住,吸引住 lake over 接管 6. recent a. 近來 take part in 参加,参与 take place 发生, recently ad. 近来 举行 7. enjoyable a. 令人快怎的 8.one another 强调两个以上:each other 强调两者之间 enjoy v. 从……获得兴趣 joy n. 囱兴 IV 语法知识 & free a. 自由,免费 The adverbial clause of reason (as) (as 引导的原因状语从 freely ad. 白由地 句) freedom n. 自由 一般來说,as 语气较弱,较口语话,所表示的原因 Ill 常用短语 比较明显,或是已知的事实,故不需要强调。因而常位于 句首。而 because 语气较强,表示听者耒知的原因,因而常 I .set up 建立,设立 e.g. He set up a tent. set off 出发,燃放 他搭起门帐篷 常位于句末.成为信息的焦点。因此之故,as 不能回答 why 的问遡 o 而 because 则能 1111 答 why 的问题。 e.g. As 什 ie weather was fine, we decided to walk to set out 出发,动身 the restaurant. set free 释放 因为天气好,我们决定步行去餐馆。 2.in recent years.......... 近年來 As I am ilk 1 can't go. in damage. 3. cover an area of 占地 =have an area of e.g. Our school covers an area of 4.000 square metres. 我们 学校占地 4000 平方米。 4. be equipped with 配备,装备 (equip with) c.g.Wc equipped our new classroom with morden facilities. 我们用现代化的设备装备了我们的新教室。 5.the hotel staff 旅馆的全体工作人员 6. 学 科 前 面 不 加 1 冠 词 Leisure Time Unit 2 Lesson 1 Let's Go to the Movies! I .VOCABULARY 1. leisure n.闲暇,消逍 (in one's) leisure time = (in one's) sparezfree time 在某人的空闲时间 for leisure 作为消遣 2. hero(es) n.英雄 heroic adj.英雄的 heroic deeds 英雄事迹 3. liberate v.解放 c.g. China was liberated in 1949. 中国是在 1949 年被解放的。 liberation n.解放 liberation war (屮国〉解放战争 e.g. After liberation, Chinese people live a happy life. 解放以 后,中国人民过着快乐的生活。 4. direct v.导演,指导 director n.导演(人人 指导者 5. none / all noon 与 all 互为反义词,可以指人,也可以指物,强 调数量。 noon 强调数虽 both 全是 nobady/no one (物)強调类别 neither 两个都不 是 I nothing either 两个中任 意一个 6. edit v.编辑 editor n.編辑 7. a pair of 必须对称 a couple of day = several days a young couple of 一对年轻的夫妻 11 .real adj. 真的 really adv. 真地 reality n. realize v. 实现 12.real adj •指材料是否“真材实料”(实际) ture adj. 指爭实是否“与实际情况相符”(抽 象) 13. frightened adj. 感到害怕的 frightening adj. 令人害怕的 14.silent adj. 安静的 keep silent silence n. 安静 II .TEXT 1 ・ open v. 瞬间动词 表示动作 open be open 表示状态 2. just opened 刚开张 3. quite a few = many 一些 4. Sparkling Red Star 闪闪的红星 5. an excellent movie —部粘彩的电影 6. leam from it 从它里面学到 7. Is it a comedy,theiller or an animated movie? 这是一部喜剧,惊险电影述是一部动画片 & a big hit I 9. be directed by ill............... 指导 I 10. Who stars in it?谁杲这部电影的主演? Leisure Time 11. child actor 12. at that lime 13. by the way 14. have some articles to edit 有一些文章需要编辑 ffl.READING & make a film 制作一部电影 I. movie capital of the world 世界电影 Z 都 Leisure Time 2. in the early 1900s 在 19 世纪初期 9. efleet n.效果 have a effect on 对...................有效果 3. be difterent from 不同 Z 处 green house efleet 温空效应 4. no colour 没冇颜色 10. reappear v. 重现 5. no sound 没有声音 disappear v. 消失 6.cowboy movie 牛仔电彫 apperance n. 外表 7.diflerent kinds of 不同种类 disapperance n. 失踪 8 ・ animated and science faction movies 动画片和科幻电 两个 }都不是 儿敢演员 在那时 顺便问一句 9.spccial effects 10. with the help of 11 .on the screen 12.in the jungle 特效 在......的帮助下 在银屏上 在森林里 IWGRAMMAR 1•动词不定式由不定式符号 10+动词原形构成,如 to say,to write 等。在有些情况下,to 需省去,或加 to 不 加 to 都可以。不定式没 有人称和数的变化。否定形式 是在不定式符号前加上 not, never 等。 c.g. It's hard for some students to speak English 对一些学生来讲,说英语很难。 4•不定式作定语时,可置于名词或代词 Z 后。 e.g. He has some questions to ask ・ 他有些问题要问。 这里的不定式与他所修饰的名词、代词结构。如果不定 式是不及物动词的话,还需加上介词。 c.g. We'll have no rooms to live in tonight. 我们今晚将没有房间住。 Leisure Time Unit 2 Lesson 2 The Moonlight Sonatu 语补足语、和定语。 1 ・ music n. 音乐 listen to music 听音 c.g. It's important for everyone to ralex from time to time. 乐 Leisure Time musical adj . 音乐的 时不时地放松一-下对每个人來讲很重要。(作主语) n. 音乐剧 Your homework today is to read and act out the dialogue. musician n. 音乐家 今天你的作业绘阅读并农演对话。(作表语) 2. sudden adj. 突然的 all of the sudden = Wc haven't decided when to leave for Beijing ・ suddenly 我们还没决定什么时像去北京。(作宾语) c.g. He suflered from sudden death. Tongtong bought a new recorder in order to practice English every day. suddenly adv. 突然 通通买了台录音机,是为了每天练习英语。(作状语) 3. outside adv. 在外面 「 Let him go with us. inside adv. 在里面 r 让他和我们一起去。(作宾语补足语) 4.wish v. 祝愿 wish you a pleasant trip / good 1 am going to get something to read during the summer luck holidays. 祝你有一次美好的旅行/祝你好 我打算畀假里读些书。(作定语) .—* 2•动词不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾 I ・ VOCABULARY 表示“不能实现的愿栗" prep. + r 3•不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式结构用于 wish 后的宾语从句必须接过左时 askJclLordcnwant, want 近 allow.advise 等及物动词的宾语补足语。 厂 expect 近期 e.g. She told ne to wait here.她叫我等在这儿。 Y hope 长 (可以实现) 但动词不定式在动词 make,let,hear,watch^sec^noticc 等后 wish 更长 (无法实现) 面作宾语补足语时常省去不定式符号 had better 后 、vish = want slh. that seems impossible 也不带 to, help 后可带可不带® 5 .afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起 n. 行车。 15. bright adj. 明亮的,聪明的 (2) afford to do I can't afford to buy a bike.我买不 起自行车。 Leisure Time brightly adv. 明亮地,聪明地 sth aftord = have enough money or time to be able to do 6. forget 遗忘 不能与表示“地点,的介/副词连用 leave 遗忘 必须与表示•哋点"的介/副词连用 lose 遗失 不知道在哪里 Leisure Time forget (l)todo 忘记要去做某事 (没做过) (2) doing 忘记了做的事 (已做) 口语:forget it 没事的 forget = fall to remember 7,to one's surprise 使某人惊奇的是 & through 穿过(中间) across 穿过(表血) e.g. go across the desert without water 在没冇水的情况下穿过沙漠。 The wind blow across the water. 大风穿越了水。 The clouds moved across the sky. 云从天空中穿过。 9. look up 1)抬头看,仰望 e.g. He didn't look up when I entered ・ 当我进來时,他没有抬头 看。 2)查阅 e.g. Look sth up in a dictionary / a yellow page 在字典中/黄页屮查阅内容 look up = raise one's eyes ,find sth. in a book IO.old - fashioned ------------ fashioncd(反义词) II .combine with 与.................... 相结合 12.be popular with 受..................欢迎 difficult adj. 困难的 difficulty n. 困难 surprise V. 使……感到惊奇 n. 惊奇 surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprising adj. 使人吃惊的 16 ・ b egin v. 开始 beginning n. 开始 17. silence n. 寂静 silent adj. 寂静的 silently adv. 寂静地 18. teenage adj ・ 十几岁的,青少年的 teenager n. 青少年 19. attract v. 吸引 attraction n. 吸引 attractive adj. 冇吸引力的 20. develop v. 发展 development n. 发展 21. introduce v. 介绍 introduction n. 介绍 22. diflcrcnt adj. 不同的 difference n. 不同点 23. important adj. 重耍的 importance n. 重要性 24. change v. 变化 n. 变化 changeable adj. 多变的 25. own 3©. 自己的 owner n. 物主 II .TEXT 1 .one evening 一天晚 t 2.walking in a street 在一条街上走 3.outside a small house 在一座小屋的外而 4.hcar sb ・ doing sth. 听见某人做某事 Leisure Time 5.this piece of music 这首乐曲 6.can\ aflord to buy 买不起 7.tickets for the concert 音乐会的门票 8.in the dim candle light 在昏暗的烛光下 9.sitting at a piano 处在钢琴旁 lO.make shoes by a table near her 在她旁边的桌子旁做 鞋子 11 .to his surprise 使他惊喜的是 12. play the music 弹奏音乐 13.learn it by car 用耳朵来学 14.moon shine brightly through the window 月光从窗子里 透进來 15.look up to sky for a while 16」isten to him play the piano I7.1ost themselves 我常听到他在隔壁房间里唱歌。 2•在 sec,watch,noticc,hear等动词后面有时用不定式•表示听 到或看到 动作的全过程:用时用带 ing 的分词,往往强调所 到或看到正在进行着的 动作。 e.g. I saw them playing table tennis.我看到他们在打乒 乓球。 I saw them play tabic tennis. 我看到他们打乒乓 球的。 18. write doen the new piece of music m.READING I .rock music 摇滚音乐 2. the most popular type of music 故流行的种音乐 3. begin in the U.S.A. 从美国开始 4.in the early 1950s 在十九世纪五十年代早 在那时 受……炊迎的 以……作为起源 抄写节奏 在十九世纪五十年代中 吸引了儿百万青少年 在十九世纪六十年代早 13. by singing American style songs Leisure Time 14. have a very important influence on 对.......................... 产生重耍 影响 15. continu to do 继续做某事 16. combinc with A from B A 与 B til 结合 17. have one's own from IWGRAMMAR 1. 在动词 see,watch,fcel,notice> 以及使役动 v»J lct,makc.havc 等后血的复合宾语中作宾语的不定式,要省略 to。 e.g. I often hear him sing in the next room. Leisure Time Unit 2 Lesson 3 Signing Up For Canip I .VOCABULARY l. sign v. 签名 e.g.l have some files to sign. 我有很多文件需耍 签名。 Sign your name on my arm. 把你的名签在我 的手上。 sigh up for sth = enter tor 报名参加 take part in 参加活动=join in activity / match (活动) join 参加组织 sb / army / team / party (join) singing group 参加合唱小组 (take part in) group singing 参加小组唱 attend 去看而不做 take exams 参加考试 n. 记号,标记 2.experience n. (1)经验(不可数) (2)经历(可数) V. (1)经历过 experience sth. (2)体验过 experienced adj. 彳 j 经验的 inexperienced adj. 无经验的 c.g. Summer is an inexperienced teacher. 夏老师是一个没经验的老师。 3. would rather 宁可,宁愿,最好 would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做.....................也不愿做.............. 19.Moonlight Sonata 月光奏鸣曲 仰望了一会儿天空 听他弹钢琴 使他们沉湎于…… 写下这首新曲子 期 5.at that time 6.ihythm and blues 7.be popular with 8.started as 9.copy the style lO.in the mid-1950s 期 11 .attracted millions of teenage tans 歌迷 12.in the early 1960s 期 e.g. I would rather keep it a secret than tell you. 我宁愿把它作为一 个秘密也不愿告诉你。 prefer to do sth ・ rather do sth ・ =prefer doing sth. to doing sth. =prefer A to B 4.on one's own = by oneself; alone 独立的 Leisure Time sth. of one's own = one's own sth. 某人自己的 5.government 政府 some government ofticals 政府官员 anny / police officer 军官 / 警官 12. variety n. 变化,种类 various adj. 各种各样的 13. wait V ・ 等候 waiter n. 男服务员 waitress n. 女服务员 II .TEXT 1 .summer vacation = summer holiday 署假 Leisure Time 2.is coming 去向动词的进行时,可以表示将来时 (come,go,leave,start) 3. make plan = draw plans for = design 设计,计划 4. go to camp 去旅行 5. take a look 看一下 6. sign up for = enter for 报名参加 7. a variety of = varieties of = different kinds of 彳艮多 8. sound / feel / taste / smell / look + adj.连系动词后加形容 词 9.in that case 假如那样 10. forget it 放在脑后 11 .else 放在疑问代词.不定代词 Z 后 6. expensive adj. 太贵了---------- cheap 便宜(反义词)修 饰物品 expense n. 费用 price 髙低 (high / low) 7. help out help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难 & weigh V. 称……的重量 weight n. 重量 overweight adj. 超重的 9. French n. 法国人,法语 adj. 法国的 Frenchman n. 法国人 France n. 法国 10. German n. 徳国人,徳语 adj. 德国的 Germany n. 徳国 11. Italian n. 意大利人,意大利语 adj. 意大利的 Italy n. 意大利 IILREADING l. thc government of the United States of America 美国政府 2.a variety of 很多 3.school children 学生 4.art camps 美术夏令营 5.science camps 科普夏令营 6.mini United Nations camps 迷你美国夏令营 7.by Fresh Air Fund 由空气清新基金 S.since 1877 从 1877 年开始 9.agcs 6 to 18 年龄 6 到 18 岁 lO.lakc pari in the program 参加节目 11 .stay at a camp 住在营地里 12.others live with a host family -另外一个和当地居民住 在一起 13.pay all expenses 付所有的费用 I4.a sense of responsibility 强烈的责任心 15.waiting on tables 等待一个桌子 16.for life 终生 e.g. When I grow up J want to be a scientist. 当我长大时,我相当一个科学家。 IX.GRAMMAR 1 .rather 相当,颇 e.g. It's rather cold today ・ 今天夭气很冷。 2. would rather 宁 AT、宁愿=would prefbr to e.g. Shall we go and see that film? 我们去看那部电影好吗? 否定式为: would rather not do = would prefer not to do e.g.Fd rather not to talk about it =Fd prefer not to talk about it 我宁可不谈这个。 疑问形式为:Would ・..rather do ...=Would... prefer to do...? e.g. Would you rather stay at home in such a fine day? =Would you rather stay at home in such a fine day? 那么好的尺 你宁愿呆在家里吗? 3. rather than 宁愿...........也不=instead of e.g. I prefer to live near to my work rather than spend a lot of time traveling every day. = I prefer to live near to my work instead of spending a lot time traveling every day. 我宁愿住得靠近工作地点,也不愿每天在路上花很多时 间来去。 *注意:rather than 后而的动词用原形,instead of 后用 doing 形式。 grow rice / wheat plant 种(少量) growth n.増长,生长 e.g. the fast growth of the tree during your growth 2. aging n. 变老,老化 age n. 年龄 mid-aged 中年人 aged adj. 年老的 3. double = become twice as many a single room or double room 4. be faced with 面临(状态) e.g. We are faced with a lot of difficulties. 我们面临着很多 困难。 5. sol vc v.解决 e.g. We "vc a lot of problem to solve. 我们有很多问题需要解决。 solution n.解决方法 find a solution to a problem 寻找问题的解决方法 work out problem (书面) 6.on average 1)平均地 2)—般来讲 3)通常用 usually considc doing sth. a crowded into a bus 挤…… 一群人 传统 传统的 传统地 Better City , Better Life Unit 3 Lesson 1 Population Problems I .VOCABULARY 1 .grow v. grow up 长大 lO.awful adj. 可怕的= terrible awfully adv. 可怕地 _ tcnibly II. rapid adj. 快的 make rapid progress (in) rapidly adv. 快地 *12.及物动词 标志 vt.必须接宾语的动词(名、代), 不能是动词 不及物动词标志 vi.不能接宾语的动词,非接 不可在中间加介词 Leisure Time 种植(大面积) 树的快速生长 由于我怏速的生长 the aged 年老的 the v.&n.增加一倍,两倍的 单人间或双人间 8.overcrowding n. crowded adj. crowd v. 9. tradition n. traditional ag traditionally adv. 7.considc v. Better City , Better Life within 14. polluted adj. 被污染的 a polluted river 一条被污染的河 polluted air 被污 染的空气 15. natural resources H 然资源 (常用复数) 16. throw sth.away 扔掉 17. recycle 回收使用 for recycling 用來回收 18. use up 用光,耗尽 19. some day = one day 将來某一天 sometime 过去或将来某个时间 20. Europe n. 欧洲 European adj ・ 欧洲的 21. Africa n. 非洲 African adj.菲洲的 22. Asia n. 亚洲 Asian adj. 亚洲的 23. ablc adj. 有能力的 enable n. 使........... 能够 2. future problem 将來的问题 3.in the last 40 years 在乙前的 40 年里 4. every day 每一天 5. throw away 抛弃 6. save money, energy and resources 节约钱,能源和资源 7. disappcar 消失 8. stop doing = give up doing 停止做某事 9. coal and mineral 煤和矿物 10. use up 用光 11 .some day 有一天 12.less energy 很少能源 13.fewer resources 很少资源 Better City , Better Life IV.GRAMMAR 过去完成时 1 .基本概念: 表示在过去某 i 时间或动作 Z 前己经完成的动作。即表示 “过去的过去”。 2 结构: 助动词 had+动词的过去分词构成 Better City , Better Life 24. serious adj. 严 31 的 seriously adv. 严垂地 II .TEXT 1. had reached 爲达 2. be faced with 而对着 3.in many European countries 在很多欧洲国家 4. not at all = thank you 5」iving longer = live a long life 6. find solutions to 寻找方法 7. every 24 years 每隔 24 夭 8. control the population growth 控制人 口増长 9. cvcry other day 每隔 I 天 10. cvcry six hours 毎隔 6 小时 3 •形式: 以动词 work 为例: (1) 肯定式:主语+ had worked (2) 否定式:主语 + had not worked (3) 疑问式:Had +主语+ worked (4) 肯定、否定回答:Yes,主语+ had No,主语 + hadn't had 不作变化,与主语的人称无关 4 •用法: (1)表示过去某一时间或动词 Z 前已经完成了的动作。某 个时间可以 由介词 by 等组成的短语或时间状语农示。也常 与 whcn,bcfdrc, after 等引导的时间状语从句连用。 e.g. My parents had already eaten by the time I got home. 我到家的时候,父母已经吃完饭了。 具〉反义词 情况下 III.READING Better City , Better Life Unit 3 Lesson 2 We Should Observe the Seven Don’t I ・\ OCABULARY 1 .spit vi.吐痰 口语:Don't spit in public. Don't litter everywhere. No littering litterbin 垃圾箱 2. damage v.损坏,毁坏(坏了,可修复) My car was damaged J'll have it repaired. destiiry v. 摧毁(没了,不可修,只能重建) The earthquake desturied the whole city. 3. amaze vt ・ 使.........................惊奇 Il is appearoucc amazes me (动词)i¥J 语 amazed adj. 感到惊奇 sb. be amazed at sth ・ / I'm amazed at words ・ amazing adj. 令人惊奇 His words were amazing. 4. turn up (1)调高音量 turn down / turn on 训低音量/打开 (2) 出现,露而=appear I waited for you the while morning, but you didn't turn up (at all). 5. gcnllc adj. 轻轻的,柔和的,温柔的 gently adv. 轻轻地,柔和地,温柔地 gentleman/men 6. smile n. 笑容 He came in with a smile on his face vi. 笑 Better City , Better Life smile at sb. in a friendly way (laugh,shout,shoot,point) at sb. 7. in surprise adv. 吃惊地 lo one's surprise 使某感到吃惊的是................... be surprised at sth. 对某事感到吃惊 be suiprised to do sth. (2)农示从过去某一时间一直延续到过去另一时间的动 作。常与 for 或 since 引起的时间状语连用,但必须要与一 个表示过去时的动作相对照。 e.g. 1 was surprised to srr Mr. Wang yesterday because we hadn't seen each other since he left Beijing. 昨天我惊奇地见到王先生,因为向从她离开北京我们就 一直未 Better City , Better Life 曾见面。 5.补充说明: 如果两个过去动作连接得很紧密,尤莫是连接词本身就说 明时间先 后,如 before,after,as soon as 等,则两个动词可都用一般过 去时。 e.g. They went on working as soon as the rain stopped ・ 雨一停,他们就继续工作。 标语: .. No spitting! be surprised that... & nearby adj ./adv. Ixt's go to the nearby villiagc. near prep./adj ・ near me 9. from now on = in ftiture 从现在起 in the future 将來 10. rude adj.粗鲁的 respect n. show one's respect / with respect v. respect sb. 11. polite adj. 有礼貌的 politely adv. 有礼貌地 12. simple adj. simply adv. 13. complain v. 报怨 complaint n.报怨 14. prevent sb. from doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. =keep sb. from doing sth. II .TEXT 1 .Don't do sth. = You / we mustn't do =You / we are not allowed to do 2. /l: in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening / at night 中, 有修饰词用 on. 3. a young couplc~husbund and wife Better City , Better Life 4. decide to do sth. = make a decision to do = make up one s mind to do 5. a fl\c ・ yca「-old girl 复合形容词,只做定语 The tower is 200 metres high. 6. go on an outing 7. bc amazed at = be surprise at 8. suddcnly adv. = all of a sudden 用过去时有时间点 9. tum up = appear 出现 10. a boupute of flowers 一束鲜花 1 l.in great surprise 在强烈的惊喜屮 12. somc/any / a lot of / lots of/ plenty of (修饰可数和不可 数名词〉 词) little / a little / a great deal of / a huge amount of / much (只修饰不可数名词) 13. (follow / obey / observe) rules 遵守规则 m.READING 1 .local newspaper 当地报纸 2. complain about rude behaviour 报道粗鲁的行为 3. the nide behaviour of people in the cinema 人们在电影院中 4.watch a movie 看电影 5.prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事 6.in the middle of the film 在电影放到一半的时倏 7.others 一些人 8.tum off 关闭 9.had a loud conversation 很响地谈话 lO.bring people's attention to 把人们的思想转移到…… 1 l.at People's Park 在人尺公园 I2.on the grass 在草坪上 Better City , Better Life 13.some people have a picnic 很筋人进行了野餐 14.take their litter home with them 他们带走他们的垃圾 IV.GRAMMAR 1 •宾语从句: 宾语从句在主从复合句中作主句的宾语.一般有三种情 况。 (1)陈述句作宾语从句.由连词 that 引导(that 在口语或 非正式文体中长省略〉 c.g. I think (that) the answer is correct. 我认为这个答案是正确的。 (2) 一般疑问句作宾语从句,山连词 whether 或 if 引导, 从句必须用陈 述句语序。 e.g.I want to know whether / if you will come soon. few/ a tew / a (large) number of i many (只修饰附丿屈名 我想知道你是否弓上会來。 (3 )特殊疑问句作宾语从句.由疑问代词 who,vvhom,whosc,what ・ which 等引导,从句也必须用陈述句语序。 e.g. Do you know when the meeting will begin? 你知道会议什么时候开始? 曾主意:(1)主句是一般现在时,从句中可用各种时态。 Better City , Better Life Unit 3 Lesson 3 Environmental Protection I .VOCABULARY I ・ environment n. 环境 We should protect our enviroment environmental adj ・ 环境的 environmental protection 2. protect v. 保护 protect oneself protect A from B 保护 A 免受 B 的侵害 protection n. 保护 3. ozone layer 臭氧层 4. gas n. 汽汕,煤气 5. above prep. 在........................上方(斜上方) 温 度 over prep. 在.........................上方(正上方) 年 龄 There arc 3 bridges over the river. Look above Jhcrc^ a ballon. 6. be burnt 被烧毁 In fire, 10 houses were burn 仁 get burnt 被烫伤 Be careful, not to get burnt. 7. hot adj.热的 heat n. 热量 light ang heat v.加热 8. escape vt.&vi.逃跑 escape from (doing) sth. escape doing 9. real adj. 真的(材料) realize v.认识,实现 (2)主句是一般过去时,从句中用表示过去 范畴的各种 时态。从句的时态变化如下: 一 •般现在时------------- •般过去时 现在进行时---------------------过去进行时 现在完成时........................... 过去完成时 一 •般将來时----------------过去将來时 •般过去时------------- 过去丸成时 (若句中有表示过去时的时间状语,则过去时不变) Better City , Better Life 2.带过左完成时的句子: 从句中的谓语动词如发生在主句谓语动词 ZMj,那么从句 的谓语动 词要用过去完成时。 c.g. He said he had seen the film before ・ 她说她以前看过这部电影。 really adv.真地 Better City , Better Life 10. tmc adj ・真的(是否符合事实) tmly adv.真地 tnith n. 真相,真理 11. pollute v. 污染 pollution n. 污染 polluted adj. 被污染 II .TEXT 1. both(两个都)either(两个中任何一个)neither(两个都 不是) each(两个或以上) all(全部都是) none(—个都不是) 12. make electricity 发电 13. clcctric cars and buses 用电的小汽车和电车 ".GRAMMAR 带过去时和过去将來时的宾语从句 (1) 如主语中的谓语动词的动作与宾语从句中的谓语动词 的动作同 时发生,那么从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时 或过去进行时。 e.g. He said he worked in a factory. 他说他在工厂里工作。 (2) 宾语从句的谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词 Z 后,那么 从句的谓 谀动词要用过去将來时。 片主总变化的形式: < 1) will do------- would do 2. say vt. say ath. (to sb.) speak vi. speak to sb ・ 特殊(语言) talk vi. talk to sb. about sth. tell \4 ・ (ell sb. sth. 3. 's 的三种可能 (1) is (2) has (3)的 4. attend 看、听(但不做)a concert / meeting 5. miss (1 )惦记 miss you (2)错过,耒能赴上 miss the bus / chance (2)-----------------shall doshould do (3)-------------------------------------- am, is, are going to do was,were going to do c.g. He said he would go with us. 他说他将和我们一起去。 6. make hole 制造洞 7. plastic things 塑料制品 8. have a discussion 进行讨论 III. READING l.the earth 地球(独一•无二的名词前加冠词 the) 2.have a hstory of 有关……的历史 3.more than 超过 4.cut down 坎倒 5.millions and millions 儿百万 Better City , Better Life 6.in danger 处于危险之屮 7.in the ozone layer 在臭氧层中 8.at the same time 与此同时 9.grcenhousc cficct 温室效应 lO.take action 关注 11 .green consumers 绿色消费者 Post and Communications Unit 4 Lesson 1 At the Post Office I .VOCABULARY 1. cent n.美分 The book cost ldollor 50 cents ・ 2. by airmail 航空邮件 by ordinary mail 普通邮件 by express mail 特快邮件 by fast mail 快递 by registered mail 1 挂号信 by surface mail 陆地邮件 3. postage n. 邮资,邮费 How much / What is the postage for the letter? post v. 邮寄 1 .on one's study trip 在某人的学习旅行中 2. send a letter and a package 寄一封信和一个包發 printer Get in touch with the printer 9.a registered letter 10. take place vi. 发生(必然会) happen vi. 发生(总外) hold vt. 举行、举办,一定要带宾语 be held break out vi. 爆发(強调突发性) 11. England n.英国 English n.英国人 adj.英国的 Englishman n. 英国人 12. gentle adj. 温和的,慈祥的 gently adv. 温和地,慈样地 gentleman n. 纠吐 13. go up to sb. 向某人走过公 come up lo sb ・ 向某人走过来 14. sender n.寄信人 send v. 邮寄 I want to send the pcral to America ©派某人做某爭 We must send fbr the doctor. ③供(某人)上学 send children to school 4. hand back 交还 5 .teacher oneself 自 学 6. make yourself at home 随便吃 7. cnjoy oneself 过得愉快 8. by oneself 独自 9. hear of 听人说起 10. hear from 收到来信 11 .hear about 听到[说]........(事) 12.hcarout 听完(某人的话) IV. GRAMMAR Asking about ways and time to post something 询问邮寄的方式和时间 1 ・ What's the best way to send this letter? =How can I send this letter? 我该以怎么样的方式寄这封信? 2.How much is the postage? =How much docs it cost? =Whafs the postage? 邮资是多少? v. 表达 express oneself clearly expression n. 表达力•工弋 5. urgent adj. 紧迫的•急迫的 6. depend vi. 依靠 dependable adj. = reliable. independence n. 独立 变化(可数) 依赖的 7. change ① n. 3.May 1 help you? 4.an urgent letter 5.the best way to send 6.fill out this form 7.after a while 8.surface mail 有什么需要我帮你的吗? i 封紧急的信 最好的方法寄 填表格 过了一会儿 陆地邮件 What a great change! 0 v.找零 Give me my change ・ ③vt ・改变 He changes his mind. changeable adj.多变的 8. print print sth. Post and Communications Post and Communications 9.about two to three mon 什恰 IO.a couple of week II ・ depend on 差不多两到三个月 几个星期 视……而决定 III.READING 1 .postman 邮递员(复数)postmen 2,hand in 交上去 3.hand out 发给大家,散发 postman n.邮递员 4. express n.快车 II .TEXT Post and Communications He succeed in ninning away from the jail. 同义 i 讨:manage to do = be able to do 反 义词:fhil to do = be unable to do sth. success n. a great success successftil adj. He is a successful business 4. compete v. 竞争 competition n. 竟争 competitor n. 竞争者 5. because 连词,后接句子 because of 介词,片接词组 6. die for = long for 渴垫 7.out of date = old 一 fashioned & inform sb. of slh. 通知某人做某爭 information n. 信息(不可数〉 informative adj.增长见闻的,捉供消 息的 9. Would Trade Organization 简称 WTO Would Health Organization 简称 WHO 10. gcncral n.长官 / 将军 adj.总体的 generally adv.总体地 11. run v.经营 runner n. 经营者 Post and Communications 12. produce v. 生产,产生 produce n. 产品 production n. 13. explain v.解释 explain sth. to sb ・ explain to sb. sth.(that 从句) explaination n.解释,说明 Post and Communications Unit 4 Lesson 2 News From a School Broadcasting Station I ・ VOCABULARY 1. engineer n.工程师 designer n. 设计师 architect n. 建筑师 2. play the role of 扮演……的角色 *3 succeed v. 成功地做某爭 II .TEXT 1 .time for 是....................... 的时间 2. English News Programme 英语新闻节目 3 .news from around the world 国际新闻 4.on February 26 5 .be responsible for 6.thc 75lh Academy Awards 7.in Holly^oodXalifbmia &on March 23 3.1 low much would this package cost me by airmail? 航 空邮件寄这包裹要花多少钱? 4.How long will surface mail take? 平寄邮件要花多长时间? 在 2 丿]26 日 对……负责 75 届奥斯卅颁奖大会 在加利福尼亚的好莱坞 在 3 月 23 H 10. bcst actor 11. Best Foreign Film 12. national news 13. theme song HI.READING 3. a wide variety of 4. general interest 5. comedy shows 6. quiz shows Post and Communications 电视和广播组织 在全世界很著名 一大部分 很有趣 喜剧 冇奖知识竞赛 I〉stop to do something stop doing something 2〉tr)f to do something try doing something 3〉mean to do something mcan doing something Post and Communications 7. and so on 等等 8. national radio stations 国际广播电台 9. consist of= be made up of 组成 lO.in 45 languages 冇 45 种语言 11 .with explanations in either English or the language of the listeners IWGRAMMAR The gerund (as sudjcct and object)(动名词作主语和宾语) 动名词有动词 原形加词尾-in 莒构成,与现在分词的构成一 样。动名词同时具冇动词特征与名 词持征。 (1) 动名词作主语:动名词在句中可用作主语,其逻辑主 语泛指人类。 c.g. Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一•见。 Saving is having. 尽力做某事 注总:it is 片町接 no,use.no goodJunAvorth 等划词 + doing sth. (2) 动名词作宾语:动名词在句中可用作宾语,其逻辑 主语多屈特指。注意 下列动词后只能跟-ing 形式:介词, enjoy,finish,mind, suggest,keep,practise,spend,prefer,doing to doing,give up,be busy 等词后 +doing。 Have you finished reading the book? 你读完那本书了么? 9.win best Actress (3)动名词与不定式的比较: 1 .television and radio organization 2.famous all over the world 尿得最佳女丄角奖 城好的男主角 最好的外国彩片 当地新闻 主题歌曲 4> forget to do something forget doing something 5〉remember to do something remember doing something 停下來做某爭 停止做某事 尽力做某事 賞试做某事 想耍做某事 总味着做某事 忘记去做某爭 忘记曾做某事 记住要做某爭 记住曾做某事 Post and Communications Unit 4 Lesson 3 Bell and His Telephone communicate v. 交流 I .VOCABULARY 1 .establish v. = set up 建立 Gates established his company in 1976 ・ 比尔盖茨在 1976 年建立了它的公司。 2.keen adj. be keen on = like sth. very much (热爱) have a keen desire to do sth. 河强烈做某事的愿望 3.scttlc vl ・ 解决 settle the problem vi.定居 He had settled in Shanghai,since he moved here moved here in 199& settler n.定居者 Early settler were short of food and clothes. 4. educate v. 学习 education n. 学习 educational adi ・ 好学的 5. lead v.领 lead sb. to sp ・带领某人去某地 Deng led the Chinese to a new life ・ leader n.领导 leading adj.领衔主演的 6. electric adj.耗电的 electric light 电灯 electrical adj. 与电有关的 electrical houdchold appliances 家用电器 electrical engineer 电器匸程师 electricity n.电 7. throughout 后接时间/地点 =all through + 时间=all through + 地点 & Europe n. 欧洲 European adj. 欧洲的 Post and Communications 9,pavc the way for = make sth. possible 10. pavc the way lor = make sth. possible 1 l.rcpid adj. make repid progress repidly adv. =tast 12. apply for 申请 13. invent v. 发明 invention n. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 14. communication n. 交流 II .TEXT 1 .Chinese culture and customs 中国文化和习俗 2.sett led in China 3.a Chinese citizen 4.havc a keen desire 5.establish a company 6.his dream come ture 7.with the help of 8.communicate with his friends 在中国定居 中国的公民 何强烈的 愿舉 成立一间公司 梦 想成克 在……帮助下 与某人交流 9.bc bom 10.be interested in 11.in public speaking 12. the deaf 13. with hope for 14. movc to Canada 15. with his family 对……冇兴趣 在公共场所演讲 盲人 在……的希望下 搬到加拿大 和他的家庭 16.spread throughout the country 传播了整个国家 17.Telephone Company 电话公司 18.an American citizen 一个美国公民 Post and Communications 19.video image 录像图像 20.clcctrical speech machine 用电说话的机器 21 .paved the way for 为..........铺平道路 22.information superhighway 信息高速公路 III.READING 1 ・ get access to 2.the development of 3.millions of people 4.buy PCs for home use 5.apply for 6.send an e-mail 7.open a mail program 关注 ……的发展 几百万人 在家里使用家庭电脑 •I'in 发电子邮件 开-•个邮箱 IV.GRAMMAR The Compound sentence (for) for 引导的并列句 for 屈于并列连词,由它引导的分句只能置于句末,而且必 须用逗号与前 而分句隔开。由 FOR 引导的分句主耍趁对前 一分句补充说明理由或推断原因,其所推断的原冈可以绘 内在的因果关系, 也可以不是内在的因果关系。 c.g. It must be raining all night, for rhe ground is so wc(・ 下了 i 整伐的雨,因为地上都湿了。 because 是从属连词,由它领导的从属分句总是农示因果关 系,可置于句 首或旬末,置于句首时须用逗号与主句隔开, 世于句末,则不许隔开。在 对话中经常用 because 来回答 why 疑问句 A: Why does the doctor look so tired? B: Because he sat up all night with his patient.

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