动词不定式的结构
基本形式:to +动词原形
否定形式:not to +动词原形
动词不定式的用法
1.作宾语
Q:英语中的宾语是什么?
A:在一个英语的简单句中,通常由主语、谓语和宾语构
成。
【例1】I love you.
I --动作的发出/执行者
love --动作
you --动作的接受者或者身份
【例2】He is a teacher.
He --动作的发出/执行者
is --动作
a teacher --动作的接受者或者身份
1.The man ate an ice cream.
主语:
谓语:
宾语:
EXCERCISE
2.She didn't say anything.
主语:
谓语:
宾语:
【小结】
宾语就是动作的对象,动作承受者。通
常位于谓语动词后。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、
动名词和宾语从句来担任。
3.I want to go.
主语:
谓语:
宾语:
EXCERCISE
4.Tom decided to leave.
主语:
谓语:
宾语:
动词不定式的用法
1.作宾语
动词不定式跟在一些动词后,做这些动词的宾语。
want hope decide agree plan expect refuse
choose wish forget remember try promise
begin learn like love need afford would like..
【例1】She plans to join the chess club.
动词不定式的用法
1.作宾语
动词不定式和疑问词what,which,how,where等连用做
宾语。
【例1】I don't know how to solve the problem.
【例2】I know where to go and what to do.
动词不定式的用法
1.作宾语
如果动词不定式较长,(为避免头重脚轻)可用it作
形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,句型
为“主语+谓语+it+宾补+动词不定式”。
【例1】I think it interesting to talk with him.
【例2】Tom finds it difficult to learn English well.
1.He decided _______(help)them learn English.
EXCERCISE
2.She began _______(learn)English at the age of four.
3.The students don't know how _______(use) the new
technology.
EXCERCISE
4.Kids found it enjoyable _______(fly)kites.
动词不定式的用法
2.作宾语补足语
Q:英语中的宾语补足语是什么?
A:对宾语进行补充说明,说明宾语的状态,意义等。简
称“宾补”,跟在宾语之后。
【例1】They call her ________.
Lisa --对her补充说明,叫她,叫她啥?叫她Lisa.
laugh --对me补充说明,让我怎样?让我大笑。
Lisa
【例2】You make me ________.laugh
动词不定式的用法
2.作宾补
常见结构:
主语+谓语(动词)+宾语(名词/代词)+动词不定式。
动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。
【例1】I asked Tony to cut my hair.
【例2】My father teaches me to drive.
动词不定式的用法
2.作宾补
在“主语+谓语+宾语+动词不定式”结构中,谓语动词是
感官动词(hear,see,feel,watch,notice...)或者使役动
词(make,let,have...),动词不定式不带to。
【例1】I didn't see you come in.
【例2】My parents sometimes make me do some
housework.
动词不定式的用法
2.作宾补
在“主语+谓语+宾语+动词不定式”结构中,谓语动词是
help时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。
【例1】Lily often helps his mother (to) do housework.
1.Mr.Li told us _______(not play) outside these days.
EXCERCISE
2.You shouldn't let such a little boy _______(carry)
these boxes.
3.Mr.Li helped us _______(finish) our homework.
动词不定式的用法
3.作目的状语
动词不定式的用法
3.作目的状语
动词不定式可表示某一动作的目的,可位于句首,一
般用逗号隔开;也可位于句尾。
【例1】To see the sunrise,we started very early.
【例2】She visits many websites to learn about
Chinese culture.
1.They get together _______ (practice)English every
Friday.
EXCERCISE
做题秘籍:分析题干两个动作间,有没有目的性。
2.They give up several hours each week _______(help)
others.
3.She works there once a week _______(help) kids
learn to read.
动词不定式的用法
4.作定语
Q:英语中的定语是什么?
A:定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特
征的。
A:相当于汉语中常用“......的”。
A:都可以作定语。
定语的位置:
后置定语
前置定语定语 被修饰词
被修饰词 定语
作前置定语的,一般是单词。
作后置定语的,一般是短语和从句。
动词不定式的用法
4.作定语
动词不定式作定语,通常放在所修饰词后。
【例1】Do you have anything to say .
【例2】She is the first one to get there.
动词不定式的用法
5.作主语
动词不定式的用法
5.作主语
动词不定式作主语,表一个具体的特定的行为,位于
主语位置;其谓语动词用单数。
【例1】To learn a foreign language is difficult .
【例2】To finish the work takes us 3 days.
【例3】To look after the old is our duty.
动词不定式的用法
5.作主语
动词不定式作主语,为了避免头重脚轻的句式结构,
常由it做形式主语,把正真的不定时主语放在句尾。
【例1】_____ is difficult to learn a foreign language .
【例2】 _____takes us 3 days to finish the work.
【例3】 _____is our duty to look after the old.
1.Mrs.Green refuses _______(eat)sweet food.
作_______语?
EXCERCISE
2.Mother asked me _______(read)English every day.
作_______语?
3.It's dangerous _______(answer)the phone while
crossing the street.
作_______语?
4.We make a plan_______(finish)the work.
作_______语?
EXCERCISE
5.I think it not easy _______(learn)math well.
作_______语?
6.I have something _______(talk)with you.
作_______语?
EXCERCISE