高考语法复习--状语从句
自主探究
Ⅰ.状语从句的概念:状语从句在句中起副词的作用。引导状语从句的连词被称为从属连
词,状语从句需用陈述句语序,可位于复合句的句首或句末。句式为“状语从句+主句”或
“主句+状语从句”。根据状语从句在句中的不同作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结
果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句,共 9 种。
Ⅱ.状语从句知识讲解
种类 从属连词 例句 说明
时
间
状
从
when, whenever
When parents come to visit
the school, we often play
songs sung by students.每
逢家长来访时,我们常常
播放一些由学生们自己演
唱的歌曲。
Whenever I have some
spare time and want to be
alone, they call me selfish
and distant. 每当我有点空
闲时间,想一个人待会,
他们就说我自私冷漠。
when 指的是“某一具体的
时间”
whenever 指的是“在任何
时间”
when
I was walking along the
street when suddenly
someone patted me on the
shoulder from behind.我正
在街上走着,这时忽然有
人从后面拍我的肩膀。
when 意为“这时”或“在
那个时候”,可以看作是
并列句,这种用法的 when
分句一般位于句末
while
While it was raining, they
went out.天下雨的时候,他
们出去了。
while 指“在……期间”,
while引导的动作必须是持
续性的
as
As teenagers grow, it is
normal for them to become
confused with the changing
world both inside and
outside of them. 随着青
少年的成长,对自己无论
体内还是体外状态的变化
感到困惑是正常现象。
as 引导持续性动作,强调
主句和从句的动作同时发
生
before
Be a pupil before you
become a teacher.先做学
生,再做先生。
after
He arrived after the game
started.比赛开始后,他到
了。
till
We waited till (until) he
came back.我们一直等到
他回来。
如主句动词是持续性动
作,常用肯定式,表示“直
到……为止”
until
She didn't stop working
until eleven o'clock.她到 11
点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of
sight, she stood there. 她站
在那里看着,直到看不见
他的身影。
如主句动词是瞬间动词,
常用否定式,表示“直
到……才;在……以前
不”,从句放在句首表示
强调,一般用 until
since, as soon as
Great changes have taken
place in China since 1978.
自从 1978 年以来中国发生
了巨大的变化。
As__soon__as I arrive in
Shanghai, I'll write to you.
我一到上海就给你写信。
状语从句在主句之前时一
般用逗号与主句分开,如
从句在主句之后则不必用
标点符号
hardly…when
no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when
it began to rain. 我刚一到
家,就下雨了。
=Hardly had I got home
when it began to rain.
No__sooner had we got to
the station than the train
left. 我们刚到车站,火车
就走了。
(=as soon as)只表示过去
发生的事情,主句为过去
完成时,从句为过去时,
如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于
句首时语气强,且主句的
谓语要用部分倒装
every time, by the time, the
moment 等
Every__time I travelled by
boat, I got seasick.我每次
乘船都晕船。
The__moment I heard the
song, I felt cheerful. 我一
听到这首歌,就感到很愉
快。
在时间状语从句中,不能
用将来时或过去将来时,
而要用现在时或过去时代
替将来时
续表
种类 从属连词 例句 说明
地点
状从 where, wherever Where there is a will, there
is a way.有志者,事竟成。
You are free to go wherever
you like.你可以随意到你
喜欢的任何地方去。
where 与 wherever 意义基
本相同,但后者语气较强,
多用于书面语
原因
状从
because
I came back late yesterday
because I was on duty.昨天
我回来晚了,因为我值班。
because 用来回答 why 的
问题,语气最强
since
Since everyone is here, let's
begin our meeting.既然大
家都到了,我们开始开会。
since 表示既然或已知的理
由,稍加分析即可表明的
原因,多放句首
as
As he didn't know much
English, he looked up the
word in the dictionary.由于
他英语懂得不多,他在字
典中查阅这个单词。
从句常放在句首,说明原
因,主句说明结果,常用
于口语中
now that,
seeing that
Now__(that) the weather
has cleared up, we can start
our journey. 鉴于天气已经
晴朗,我们可以启程了。
Seeing__(that) he was
badly ill, we sent for the
doctor. 鉴于他病情严重,
我们派人去请医生去了。
seeing (that), now (that) 和
since, as 意义相似,都有
“鉴于某个事实”的意
思,that 可以省去
目的
状从 that, so that, in order that,
lest = for fear that
I shall write down your
telephone number that I
may not forget. 我要把你
的电话号码记下来,以免
忘记。
They worked harder than
usual
in__order__that/so__that
they could finish the work
ahead of time. 他们比往常
更加努力工作,为了能提
前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= 目的状语从句中常用情态
for__fear__that) you should
catch cold.多穿点衣服,以
免感冒。
动词 may/might, can/could,
should 等放在动词之前,
从句往往放在主句之后,
主从句之间不用任何标点
符号
结果
状从
so that, so…that
We turned up the radio,
so__that everyone heard the
news. 我们把收音机的音
量放大,以便大家都听到
新闻。
He was so excited that he
couldn't say a word. 他十
分激动,以致一句话都说
不出来。
so that 前有逗号为结果状
语从句
so…that 的 so 后面跟形容
词或副词
such…that
It is such an interesting
novel that all of us want to
read it. = It is so
interesting a novel that all
of us want to read it.这是一
本十分有趣的书,大家都
想看。
such…that 的 such 后面跟
名词,如果名词是单数就
要用 such a/an…that,还可
以转换用 so…that,语气较
强
条件
状从 if, unless, as/so long as, in
case, so far as
We shall go there tomorrow
unless it rains.=We shall
go there tomorrow if it
doesn't rain. 除非下雨,我
们明天就去那里。
So/As__long__as you work
hard, you will succeed. 只
要你努力工作,你就一定
能成功。
So__far__as I know, the
book will be published next
month. 据我所知,这本书
下月出版。
unless 从句的谓语只能用
肯定式。unless=if…not,
通常二者可以换用
条件状语从句中的谓语动
词的时态一般要用现在时
或过去时代替一般将来时
或过去将来时
方式
状从 as, as though, as if Draw a cat as I taught you.
按照我教你的画一只猫。
He acted as__if/though
nothing had happened.他表
现得就好像什么也没有发
生。
此处 as 意为“按照”或
“正如”
as if/though 从句中用现在
时表示可能符合事实,也
可用虚拟语气
续表
种类 从属连词 例句 说明
让步
状从
although
though
We were not tired
though/although we had
worked all day. 虽然我们
干了一天的活,但并不累。
Although/Though she felt
ill, she still went to work.尽
管她生病了,她还是去上
班了。
though/although 不能与 but
连用,但可以与 yet 或 still
连用;其意义用法相同,
后者正式,多放主句的前
面
even if
even though
I'll go even__if/though it
rains tomorrow.即使明天下
雨,我也要去。
even if/though 意为“即
使”,多用于书面语中
as
Cold as it is(=Though it is
cold), the children play
outdoors. 虽然天气冷,但
孩子们仍在户外玩。
as 引导的状语从句比
though/although 引导的从
句语气强,从句常放在句
首,语序部分倒装
no matter
who/what/how/when/where
/which…
No__matter__how busy he
was, he studied English
every day. 不管多忙,他都
每天坚持学习英语。
“no matter+疑问词”与
wh-ever 引导的让步状语
从句意义基本一 样
比较
状从
as…as
not so/as…as
the same…as
such…as
He does not run so__(as)
fast as Jack (does).他跑得
不如杰克那样快。
His book is the__same__as
mine.他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good
worker as Peter.亨利这个
工人不如彼得那样好。
连词表示同程度级的比
较,肯定句用 as…as,否
定句可用 not as…as 或 not
so…as
…than…
He bought fewer books than
I (did).他买的书比我买的
少。
the more…the more… The__more you read, the用在比较级的形容词或
the__better you understand.
你看的书越多,你懂得的
就越多。
副词前面,表示程度