高考英语二轮复习--状语从句导学案
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高考英语二轮复习--状语从句导学案

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时间:2021-06-09

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高考语法复习--状语从句 自主探究 Ⅰ.状语从句的概念:状语从句在句中起副词的作用。引导状语从句的连词被称为从属连 词,状语从句需用陈述句语序,可位于复合句的句首或句末。句式为“状语从句+主句”或 “主句+状语从句”。根据状语从句在句中的不同作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结 果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句,共 9 种。 Ⅱ.状语从句知识讲解 种类 从属连词 例句 说明 时 间 状 从 when, whenever When parents come to visit the school, we often play songs sung by students.每 逢家长来访时,我们常常 播放一些由学生们自己演 唱的歌曲。 Whenever I have some spare time and want to be alone, they call me selfish and distant. 每当我有点空 闲时间,想一个人待会, 他们就说我自私冷漠。 when 指的是“某一具体的 时间” whenever 指的是“在任何 时间” when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正 在街上走着,这时忽然有 人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when 意为“这时”或“在 那个时候”,可以看作是 并列句,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句末 while While it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候,他 们出去了。 while 指“在……期间”, while引导的动作必须是持 续性的 as As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. 随着青 少年的成长,对自己无论 体内还是体外状态的变化 感到困惑是正常现象。 as 引导持续性动作,强调 主句和从句的动作同时发 生 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学 生,再做先生。 after He arrived after the game started.比赛开始后,他到 了。 till We waited till (until) he came back.我们一直等到 他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动 作,常用肯定式,表示“直 到……为止” until She didn't stop working until eleven o'clock.她到 11 点钟才停止工作。 Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there. 她站 在那里看着,直到看不见 他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词, 常用否定式,表示“直 到……才;在……以前 不”,从句放在句首表示 强调,一般用 until since, as soon as Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自从 1978 年以来中国发生 了巨大的变化。 As__soon__as I arrive in Shanghai, I'll write to you. 我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一 般用逗号与主句分开,如 从句在主句之后则不必用 标点符号 hardly…when no sooner…than I had hardly got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到 家,就下雨了。 =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. No__sooner had we got to the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站,火车 就走了。 (=as soon as)只表示过去 发生的事情,主句为过去 完成时,从句为过去时, 如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于 句首时语气强,且主句的 谓语要用部分倒装 every time, by the time, the moment 等 Every__time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次 乘船都晕船。 The__moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一 听到这首歌,就感到很愉 快。 在时间状语从句中,不能 用将来时或过去将来时, 而要用现在时或过去时代 替将来时 续表 种类 从属连词 例句 说明 地点 状从 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。 You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你 喜欢的任何地方去。 where 与 wherever 意义基 本相同,但后者语气较强, 多用于书面语 原因 状从 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天 我回来晚了,因为我值班。 because 用来回答 why 的 问题,语气最强 since Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大 家都到了,我们开始开会。 since 表示既然或已知的理 由,稍加分析即可表明的 原因,多放句首 as As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.由于 他英语懂得不多,他在字 典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首,说明原 因,主句说明结果,常用 于口语中 now that, seeing that Now__(that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. 鉴于天气已经 晴朗,我们可以启程了。 Seeing__(that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重, 我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now (that) 和 since, as 意义相似,都有 “鉴于某个事实”的意 思,that 可以省去 目的 状从 that, so that, in order that, lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你 的电话号码记下来,以免 忘记。 They worked harder than usual in__order__that/so__that they could finish the work ahead of time. 他们比往常 更加努力工作,为了能提 前完成工作。 Put on more clothes lest (= 目的状语从句中常用情态 for__fear__that) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服,以 免感冒。 动词 may/might, can/could, should 等放在动词之前, 从句往往放在主句之后, 主从句之间不用任何标点 符号 结果 状从 so that, so…that We turned up the radio, so__that everyone heard the news. 我们把收音机的音 量放大,以便大家都听到 新闻。 He was so excited that he couldn't say a word. 他十 分激动,以致一句话都说 不出来。 so that 前有逗号为结果状 语从句 so…that 的 so 后面跟形容 词或副词 such…that It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. = It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一 本十分有趣的书,大家都 想看。 such…that 的 such 后面跟 名词,如果名词是单数就 要用 such a/an…that,还可 以转换用 so…that,语气较 强 条件 状从 if, unless, as/so long as, in case, so far as We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain. 除非下雨,我 们明天就去那里。 So/As__long__as you work hard, you will succeed. 只 要你努力工作,你就一定 能成功。 So__far__as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知,这本书 下月出版。 unless 从句的谓语只能用 肯定式。unless=if…not, 通常二者可以换用 条件状语从句中的谓语动 词的时态一般要用现在时 或过去时代替一般将来时 或过去将来时 方式 状从 as, as though, as if Draw a cat as I taught you. 按照我教你的画一只猫。 He acted as__if/though nothing had happened.他表 现得就好像什么也没有发 生。 此处 as 意为“按照”或 “正如” as if/though 从句中用现在 时表示可能符合事实,也 可用虚拟语气 续表 种类 从属连词 例句 说明 让步 状从 although though We were not tired though/although we had worked all day. 虽然我们 干了一天的活,但并不累。 Although/Though she felt ill, she still went to work.尽 管她生病了,她还是去上 班了。 though/although 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet 或 still 连用;其意义用法相同, 后者正式,多放主句的前 面 even if even though I'll go even__if/though it rains tomorrow.即使明天下 雨,我也要去。 even if/though 意为“即 使”,多用于书面语中 as Cold as it is(=Though it is cold), the children play outdoors. 虽然天气冷,但 孩子们仍在户外玩。 as 引导的状语从句比 though/although 引导的从 句语气强,从句常放在句 首,语序部分倒装 no matter who/what/how/when/where /which… No__matter__how busy he was, he studied English every day. 不管多忙,他都 每天坚持学习英语。 “no matter+疑问词”与 wh-ever 引导的让步状语 从句意义基本一 样 比较 状从 as…as not so/as…as the same…as such…as He does not run so__(as) fast as Jack (does).他跑得 不如杰克那样快。 His book is the__same__as mine.他的书和我的一样。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.亨利这个 工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比 较,肯定句用 as…as,否 定句可用 not as…as 或 not so…as …than… He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的 少。 the more…the more… The__more you read, the用在比较级的形容词或 the__better you understand. 你看的书越多,你懂得的 就越多。 副词前面,表示程度

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