Unit 4 Everyday economics
定语从句
一 、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
1．This is the place which is worth visiting.
2．Those who expect the worst are less likely to be disappointed.
3．His favorite hobbies are swimming and gardening，which have become a necessary
part of his life.
4．My father was easily cheated，which surprised me.
5．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
6．We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.
[归纳用法]
1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，
why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例 1、例 2、例 5) 和非限制性定语从句(如例 3、
例 4、例 6)。
3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整
或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代
词通常可以省略。
4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完
整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用 why 引导，一般不
用 that 引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。
5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例 2、例 6)、几个词(如例 1、例 3、例 5)或整个
句子(如例 4)。
[名师点津]
(一)关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(可省略)、表语、状语(可省略)
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语
1.关系代词通常用 that 的情况：
(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
(2)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last 等修饰时
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)定语从句出现在 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句中时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用了 which 时
They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause
pollution.
(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
(7)主句是 there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
(8)先行词为 the way ，关系代词在从句中作状语时
I hate the way that she always criticizes me.
2．关系代词只用 which 的情况：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，
made the others envy him.
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
(二)关系副词的用法
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
当先行词为 situation，case，stage，point 等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从
句中作状语时，用关系副词 where。
(三)which 与 as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如 see，hear，know，
expect，remember 等
意为“这一点” 意为“正如……，正像……的那样”
[即学即练 1] 单句语法填空
①A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
② The result was not the same as they had expected ， which was rather
disappointing.
③This is the only thing that we can do now.
④The school where I study is far from my home.
⑤My daughter，whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always away
from home.
⑥Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[观察例句]
1．This depends on the purpose for which the exhaust steam is used.
2．In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for
help.
3．We first attended the opening parade，for which our class had made a lot of
preparations.
4．He is telling a story of Lei Feng，of whom every one of us is proud.
5．Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
6．He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.
7．Lily might possibly come，in which case I'll ask her.
8．There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.
[归纳用法]
1．介词后的关系代词只用 which 或 whom。
2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例 1 中的 for the
purpose )；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例 2 中的 turn to，例 4 中的 is proud of )；
(3)句子意思表达的需要(如例 3 )。
3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换(如例 5 中 可换为 whose
price)
4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句(如例 6 )。另外，“数词/some，
many，most，each 等不定代词＋of＋关系代词 ”也可以引导定语从句。
5．有时为了表达清楚，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句(如例 8)。
6．“ 介词＋关系代词＋名词 ”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要(如例 7)。
[名师点津]
as 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类
的)；such(pron.)＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样
的)。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
I have the same book as he has.
[即学即练 2] 单句语法填空
①The boy has bought a telescope，through which he can look at the stars.
②Material collecting took us a whole week，during which we interviewed our
teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
③There are a lot of skyscrapers in New York，for which it is famous.
④This is the day on which he did the experiment.
⑤There can be few streets in London in which you cannot buy books.
⑥Take part in activities at school，through which you can make more friends.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．UNAIDS also teaches young people how to prevent AIDS，and set up treatment
centers where mothers with HIV can receive medicine to help keep them from passing
HIV on to their children.
2．At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend whose family business was running
hotels.
3．There are certain dates throughout the year when the entire country takes a
vacation at the same time.
4.This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy.
5．The watch，which was a gift from his father，was very important to him and
he was determined to find it.
6．The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of whom left their village
homes for a better life in the city.
7．He wrote some of his most popular waltzes，among which was the wellknown
favourite The Blue Danube.
8．Of course，there are time when we need to travel long distances.
9．Reading has a lot of advantages，one of which is that it helps you develop
reading skills.
10．Gift shops in museums used to be the last stop of each visit，where people
would buy souvenirs for themselves and their friends.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as
is popular with the public，3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Ross.Ross is a young
beautiful woman with 4.whom her mother went to America.Jack，5.who won a ship ticket
by playing cards，is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic
6.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by an unexpected
storm，7.when Jack lost his life for saving Ross(everyone will be moved by the selfless
way in 8. which most people can not behave in real life)．Before Jack left Ross forever，
he encouraged Ross to live well for him.9.As is known to all，love is the strongest
strength.And that is the reason 10.why Ross could live alone and told us the moving
story.
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