人教版高二英语模块六Unit4Itis...that从句语法课件

Unit4 Grammar 教学设计 Book 6 Unit4: Global warming Section 3 语法课框架教材版本：人教版册数：Book 6 单元：Unit 4 课型（课 时）：语法课-Section 3 教 材 分 析 本课主要是帮助学生复习强调句的用法。本课主要发现并熟悉强调结构句型及 其规律，根据自己对“全球变暖”话题的认识运用强调句型进行复述或表达自己的 观点。根据对教材的分析，教师会在本课补充对强调句的相关语法规则进行学习。 通过学生对语法规则的自主学习和教师的任务型教学，学生将能掌握强调句的用 法。 教 学 目 标 语言目标： 学习并能够运用强调句的用法： 1.了解强调句的定义； 2.掌握强调句的用法； 3.能在语境中正确使用强调句。 语义目标： 1. 能用强调句表达强烈的情感意义； 2. 能用强调句表达自己的看法。 语用目标： 根据对全球变暖这一话题的认识，能学会运用强调句进行复述或表达自己的看 法。 策略目标： 1.能通过自主学习观察语法规则，并进行总结归纳一般规律； 2.能通过合作学习与同伴交流，学习同伴经验和学习方法，摸索自己的语法学习方 法； 教 学 重 难 点 教学重点： 1.强调句的用法； 教学难点： 1. 培养学生自主总结归纳语法规则的能力； 2. 教会学生在语境中正确使用强调句表达自己的观点。 建 议 教 法 （二）任务型教学法 （Task-based Language Teaching Approach） 任务型教学是指教师通过引导语言学习者在课堂上完成任务来进行的教学。在 本节课的教学活动中，教师围绕谈论全球变暖这一话题，设计出具体的、可操作的 任务，学生通过表达和沟通的语言活动形式来完成任务，以达到学习和掌握语言的 目的。 教学 流程 教 学 评 价 1.本课时的目标设计清晰可操作，活动的设计紧扣目标要求并与目标达成一致； 2.语法课的活动设计通过任务型教学，将强调句的语法学习和在情境中的运用相 结合，培养了学生的语言交际能力； 3.课后的活动设计体现了对学生运用能力与环保意识的培养。 Section 3 语法课教学设计 步 骤 过程 措施（教师活动与学生活动） 目的 持续性评 价 DE LC 1 预 备 与 激 活 先 期 知 识 Step 1 Warm ing up ( 热 身) (5 mins) 1.Teacher elicits the topic by showing students a video. e.g. Human activity has caused this global warming. It is/was…that/who…”. The extra emphasis is given to the noun or phrase that immediately follows “ It is/was…”. So please change the sentence into an emphatic sentence if I want to emphasis the subject. S: It is human activity that has caused this global warming. 1.通过翻译、划分 句子成分及句型转 换引起学生学习强 调句的兴趣和对其 结构和作用的思 考。 1.学生是 否能通过 教师自主 总结归纳 强调句的 结构和作 用。 D EL C 2 获 取 新 知 识 Step 2 Introd uctio n and prese ntatio n(引 入和 呈现) 1.Ask students to find out the structure and function of emphatic sentences. T: Let’s transform this sentence into emphatic sentences and translate them one by one. We elected him monitor at the class meeting yesterday 主 宾 宾补 地状 时 状 S: Transform this sentence and translate it. T: Through the translation, do you think there is any difference in meaning of the two sentences? S: Almost the same. T: Yes. Apart from a shift in emphasis, the meaning is the same in the two sentences. The very thing is that the two sentences are given 1. 通过句型转换 引导学生总结强调 句的功能。 2.在老师的引领下 学习如何判断强调 学生是否 具备自主 观察、总结 语法规则 的能力。 different emphasis or extra importance. 2.Teacher guide the students to learnt the rules of emphatic sentence. 强调句的基本结构及用法 1.在该强调结构中，It 无任何意义但不可以换 成 this 或者 that 等。 It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉， 剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这 一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。 2. 关于 that 与 who： （1）当被强调部分指人时，用 who/that （2）当被强调部分指物时，通常用 that （3）当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用 that It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about． （4）当强调时间或地点或原因或方式状语时， 用 that,不能用 when / where/ why/how(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时) （5）如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应 提前。 It was from him，his chemistry teacher， that Paul learned to watch carefully in class． 1）It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that C. when D. so 2）It was in Qingdao _____ I saw the sea for the first time. A. what B. that C. when D. which 3）It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 3.关于 be 的适当形式： 在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单 数还是复数，be 动词一律用单数 is/was 形式。 ①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般 现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行 时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)， 就用 is。 It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it ②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般 过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来 时等)，就用 was。例如: It was between 1989 and 1999 _____ great changes took place in our hometown. A. when B. that C. which D. because③ 句。 也可以根据需要用 It may/might/must be… that/who…; It must have been… that/who… 如 It might be Sally that you are thinking of. It might be in the morning that he broke into the house. It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf our class. It must have been her twin sister that you saw. It_____ Peter who has let this secret out because I only told him the news. A. can be B. should be C. might be D. must be 4.关于被强调成分: 能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名 词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状 语从句或者 because 引导原因状语从句）等 不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名 词充当）、although 引导的让步状语从句、for、 since, as 引导的原因状语从句、if 条件状语等。 1）强调主语、宾语。 例 1．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. A. who B. that C. how D. what 例 2．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience’ s interest. A. so that B. that C. what D. in which 2）强调主语从句 例 3．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 3）强调状语 （指出强调什么状语） ①It was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. ②It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. ③It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. ④It was three years ago that I came to this school. ⑤It was because he loved my money that he married me. 注意： （1）强调部分为介词短语时： ①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项 ②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区 别 1. It was through Jack _____ Mary got to know Bob . A. who B. whom C. how D. that 2. It was ____ great care that they did the job. A. for B. about C. with D. in 3. It was on October 1st 1949 _____ new China was founded . A. which B. when C. as D. that 4. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died? A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 2）对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经 前移，that 后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不 能使用倒装语序 It was ______ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 5.关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分 是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的 人称和数保持一致。 It is your father that is wrong this time. It is he and his parents that have come to China. 6. 人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾 语且其为人称代词时, 应注意其形式仍用主格 或宾格形式。 It is they who will attend the medical conference. It was her that I saw in the street just now. 【误】 It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them. 【正】 It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them. 【误】It was her that told me about it. 【正】It was she that told me about it. 【误】It is I who the teacher has punished. 【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished. D EL C 3 深 度 加 工 知 识 Step 3 Applic ation （运 用） 一、 特殊形式的强调句结构 1. 强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形 式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反 意疑问句形式 ①否定形式：It was not in England that Olympic Competitions first started. ②一般疑问句形式：Was/Is it + 被强调部 分+ that+其他成分？ Is the girl in red who is your sister? 例 1．Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 例 2．--- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? --- ______. A. I didn’t know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn’t D. Yes, he did 解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定 形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes, it was” 或“No, it wasn’t”，故选 B. ③特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ was/Is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？ What is it that you want me to do? Who was it that told you the news？ When was it that he first came to China? Where was it that you met her? How was it that he solved the problem? 事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是 对陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化 而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含 有特殊疑问词的强调句型用在宾语从句 中的时候，句型应改为‘特殊疑问词 +it was( is) that +陈述句”，即采用陈述句 语序。 (1) — Where was it ____ the road accident happened yesterday? — In front of the market. A. when B. that C. which D. how (2) I really don’t know _____ you returned the book to me. A. when it was that B. when was it C. when was it that D. when it was 1.区分强调句和定 语从句及名词性从 句的不同结构和含 义。 1.学生是 否能正确 区分出强 调句。 ④感叹句形式：What/How 加上感叹部分 + it was/is+ that+其他成分！ What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party！ How good a student it is that I have！ ⑤反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问 句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和 谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一 致。 It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasn’t it? ⑥ 强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句 式。 Was it you that told him about it? ---Yes, it was. 2. 固定句型： ① not...until 句型变为强调句型时，如要 强调 until 从句时，要把 not 放到 until 前， 一起强调, 主句由否定句改为肯定句。其 基本形式为 It is (was) not until+时间状语 （短语或者从句）…that…。比较： 1. He didn’t come until six o’clock. → It was not until six o’clock that he came. 2. They didn’t start until the rain stopped. → It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 注意 " not ... until " 句型的变化。比较 下列三个句子： She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home. It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor. Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor. ② It was because-clause (because of+名 词)+that… It was because of his carelessness（because he was careless） that he lost his job. ③ It was +介词+时间名词+that… It was at 7:00 a.m. that the plane took off. 二、强调句与定语从句的区别 （1）引导定语从句的引导词 that 或者 who，在定语从句中充当主语，不可以去 掉; （2）that 或者 who 引导主语从句时，that 无任何含义也不充当任何成分但也不可 以省略，who 引导主语从句并且在主语从 句中充当主语也不可以省略。 （3）并且，that 或者 who 引导的主语从 句经常置于句后，而在主语位置使用形式 主语 It。而强调句型中的 It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分 在语法结构和句子含义上均完整。 a.与定语从句的辨析 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith that they finished the experiment. （哪一部分为定语从句？） It was he who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest.（哪一部分 为定语从句？） b.与名词性从句的辨析 It is true that he once was a teacher. （划线 部分为？） It was ____ he said____ disappointed me. A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what （What 引导？） c. 与 there be 句型的辨析 ____is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether A.本题为there be句型,而非强调句型。that 引导的为同位语从句,作 possibility 的同 位语。 三、错误判断强调句的两种情况 1. 将非强调句判为强调句。 易混句型 1：It be+段时间+ since ... “自 从……以来” 该句型中的 be 动词通常为一般现在时态 或现在完成时态, since 引导的从句通常 是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去 时，从句则用过去完成时。 例．That was really a splendid(灿烂的辉煌 的) evening. It's years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. (安徽 05) A. when B. that C. before D. since 易混句型 2：It be+点时间+ when ... ＂ 当……的时候，是……＂ 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状 语从句。Be 动词的时态没有明确限制， 点时间前不加介词。 例. —Did Jack come back early last night? —Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 易混句型 3：It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……” 该句型主句中 be 动词的时态常是一般将 来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多 是 long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时 间段的词或短语。 例． --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manmade spaceship to the moon? --- Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 比较： It was at ten o’clock that he came back. It was after ten o’clock that he came back. It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 再比较： It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的 时候就是秋天了。 It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落 叶。 2. 将强调句判为非强调句。 有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特 殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式， 强调句型情态动词或复杂时态等，强调句 中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他 从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖强 调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判。如： (1) When was _____ that the general manager left for Japan? A. he B. it C. that D. since (2) It might have been John _____ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that B. when C. what D. which (3) It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed(使恼怒) me. which B. as C. what D. that (4) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that (5) It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what D EL C 4 学 习 评 价 Step 4 Sum mary Summary and homework: Today we have learnt the definition and structure of emphatic sentences and we have distinguished the difference between emphatic sentence and attributive clause and noun clause. When you apply emphatic sentences to everyday English, you should put emphasis on the place which you want to attach importance to. Homework: Finish Exercise on the revision paper.