中英双语节日话题：清明节

中英双语节日话题：清明节 Qingming Festival(Tomb-sweeping Day) April 4th or 5th of the Gregorian calendar 公历 4 月 4 日或 4 月 5 日 one of the Chinese Twenty-four Solar Terms 中国二十四节气之一 From that date temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases 从这一天起，气温开始升高，降雨量开始增多 the crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring 春耕春播的重要时节 Origin 故事起源 这是一个关于一位忠孝义士的故事 It is said that the Qingming Festival was originally held to commemorate Jie Zitui, a loyal man who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Jie cut a piece of meat from his own leg in order to save his hungry lord who was forced to flee from his own country. Later, when the lord regained his position, he forgot about Jie Zitui’s sacrifice. However, after being reminded, he felt ashamed and decided to reward the loyal man, but Jie had hidden in a mountain with his mother. In order to find Jie, the lord ordered that the mountain be set on fire. Unfortunately, Jie was found dead with his mother. In order to commemorate the day of his death, the lord declared the date to be Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival — the day that only cold food can be eaten. A year later, when the lord went to the mountain to commemorate Jie’s death, he found the burned willows had revived, so he gave instructions that the day after Hanshi Festival was to be Qingming Festival. Eventually, the two festivals were combined into one. 翻译： 相传清明节最初是为了纪念春秋时期（公元前 770-476 年）的一位忠臣，介子推。 晋国公子重耳被迫逃亡齐国。因咽不下野菜，介子推就从自己的腿上切下一块肉做成汤， 说是麻雀汤让重耳吃下。重耳在秦国的帮助下，回到了晋国，平定了叛乱并当上国君，这 就是历史上有名的晋文公。跟随他出逃的人都得到了封赏，而晋文公唯独忘了介子推。晋 文公意识到自己的错误时，介子推和母亲已经隐居在山上，并拒绝出山。为了找到介子推， 晋文公又中了奸臣计策下令放火烧山，想逼出孝子介子推。火灭时却发现介子推和母亲一 起被烧死。为了纪念他，晋文公下令忌日百姓不得焚火煮饭，只吃寒食，这一天就是寒食 节。 第二年忌日次日，晋文公上山祭祀介子推，发现介子推死前抱着的柳树又复活了起来， 于是他下令寒食节的次日为清明节。后来，这两个节日合而为一。 Traditional Customs 清明有哪些习俗呢？一起来看看吧。 祭祖 清明祭祖（worshiping ancestors）的传统可以追溯到古代，唐朝朝廷专门在此期间设定“节 假日”以供子民祭祀先祖，该传统不断延续，在现代社会也有着举足轻重的影响。 Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead with offerings are the two important practices to remember late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care for the dead. The dead person's favorite food, wine and chopsticks are offered on their tombs, along with paper money. 扫墓和献上供品对逝者表示敬意，是两种纪念逝去亲友的重要习俗。为表示对逝者的关怀，墓 边的杂草被清除并盖上新鲜的土壤。逝者最喜欢的食物、酒和筷子连同纸钱一起被供奉在墓边。 注：我们倡导文明祭扫，不要随意燃烧物品，以防引起火灾。 春游 清明时节除了祭祖，也是春游的好时光。有诗云：“梨花风起正清明，游人寻春半出城。”在温 润的微风中，当循着草木的气息，外出寻找春天的足迹，强身健体又心情舒畅。 As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly, everything returns to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. This custom can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 – 476BC) and Warring States Period (475 – 221BC). 清明正值草木复苏，百花齐放，阳光普照，万物焕发生机之时，正是欣赏自然之美的大好时机。 这一习俗可以追溯到春秋战国时期。 寒食节 寒食节（Cold Food Festival）是中国传统节日，在清明节的前一天，这天禁止生火，只能吃 冷的食物。唐代诗人沈佺期在《寒食》一诗中写道：“普天皆灭焰，匝地尽藏烟。”读罢顿觉清冷之 气扑面而来。 相传寒食节是“春秋五霸”之一的晋文公为纪念忠臣介子推而设立的。 蹴鞠 蹴鞠是古人清明时喜爱的一种游戏。“鞠”是一种内部塞满毛发的皮球。从陆游诗中“蹴鞠场边万 人看”的盛景，可见这一运动受欢迎的程度。 Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor first invented it for training warriors. Later, Cu Ju was used by people to build up their bodies when they were unable to eat hot food during the Cold Food Festival. 相传蹴鞠是黄帝发明来训练战士的。后来，当人们不能在寒食节期间吃热食时，就利用蹴鞠来 锻炼身体。 青团 清明吃青团在长江下游地区是非常流行的。软糯的外皮散发着艾草的清香，配上各色馅料，一 口下去，满满的都是春天的气息。 People in the Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River) region often eat this kind of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice. 江南地区的人们经常在清明节食用这种由糯米制成的绿色团子。由于糯米中混合雀麦草汁（也 有使用艾草汁的），所以团子呈现出绿色。 清明节相关英文词汇 Cold Food Festival 寒食节 Day of sacrifice 祭祀节日 Condolence 哀悼之情 Hell note/Joss paper 纸钱 Mourning ceremony 哀悼仪式 Offer sacrifices to ancestors 祭祖/上供 Funeral supplies/products 殡葬用品 Funeral services 殡葬服务业 Mortician 殡仪业者 Burn incense 焚香 Tomb-sweeping 扫墓 Tomb sweeper 扫墓的人 Monument 纪念碑 Online funeral 网上葬礼 Online tribute 网上悼念 Cremation urn 骨灰盒 Inhumation 土葬 Cremation 火葬 Sea burial 海葬 Tree burial 树葬 Celestial burial 天葬 Boat-coffin burial 船棺葬 National mourning 全国哀悼 National mourning day 全国哀悼日 Willow branches inserted on each gate 门旁插柳 Filial piety 孝顺；孝心 诗歌翻译 我们人耳熟能详的一首关于清明的诗就是： 清 明 ——杜牧 清明时节雨纷纷 路上行人欲断魂 借问酒家何处有 牧童遥指杏花村 这首诗的英文翻译版本也有很多： 1.许渊冲译 A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day The mourner's heart is going to break on his way. Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours? A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers. 2.吴伟雄译 It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day, The mourner travels with his heart lost in dismay. When asked for a wineshop to kill his gloomy time, A cowboy points at Almond Hamlet far away. 3.万昌盛、王僴中译 The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day, So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way. When asked where could be found at avern bower, Acow boy points to yonder village of the apricot flower. 4.杨宪益、戴乃迭译 It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring, Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable. When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern, He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms. 5.吴钧陶译 It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day, I travel with my heart lost in dismay. "Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?" He points at Apricot Village faraway. 6.蔡廷干译 The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day, The men and women sadly move along the way. They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ---- And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest. 7.孙大雨译 Upon theClear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray. Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away. When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to befound", The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.