Unit 5 Think before you eat
单元目标
单词短语：
Advise appetite astronaut contain increase influence
Mineral variety
decide on heart attack instead of tell …from
语法句型：
Sound good to you
no more…
lose one’s appetite for meat
Animals kept this way can easily get sick.
语法知识：情态动词
精讲精析
要点精讲
词汇学习
1. weekly adj. adv.
a weekly magazine / newspaper
如：
The newspaper is published twice weekly. 这报纸每周发行两次。
Employees are paid weekly.雇员按周领工资。
yearly / monthly / daily
yearly income(收入)/monthly magazine/daily newspaper
2.scene
n.
1)景色;景象 a delightful rural scene(令人向往的田园景色);
a beautiful country scene 2)(戏剧或电影中的)场面,片段
the scene of the accident/ crime/attack/ violence
on the scene
在现场
例如：
The reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
事发后不久记者们就赶往现场。
3. mix
v.
1) mix A with B; mix A and B;
A mix with B
使一物与另一物混合; 拌和; 搀和
例如：
We can not mix water with oil.
We can not mix water and oil.
Oil does not mix with water.
Mix all the ingredients together in the bowl.
把碗里的配料混在一起。
If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. 如果你把红色和黄色混杂在一起 就是橙色。
2) mixed adj. 由不同质量或成分组成的; 混合的 如:
a box of mixed sweets / people of mixed blood / mixed feelings
3) mixture
n. 混合; 混合状态, 混合之物
如：
The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.
这城市是新旧建筑物的混合体。
We listened to story with a mixture of surprise and horror. 我们带着惊讶和恐惧听着故事。
4. bit [C] small piece or amount (of sth.) 小块; 少量:
1) bits of bread, cheese, paper 一点面包、乾酪、纸张
2)a bit of advice, help, luck, news
一点劝告、帮助、运气、消息
3) He knows a bit of French. 他懂一点法语。
4) He took a bit of paper and a few bits of wood and made a fire.
他拿了一点纸、几小块木头 生了火。
5.no more
不再 再也不 不再存在 不再有更多的
如：
Then there would be no more hungry people in the world.
那时候世界上再也不会有挨饿的人了。
There is no more milk left in the fridge.冰箱里再没有牛奶了。
There„s no more water.再也没有水了
No more awful winters - we’re moving to Florida.
再没有可怕的冬季了 我们要搬往佛罗里达了。
He will come no more.他不会再来了。
The ship sank below the waves, and was seen no more.
船沉到浪涛里了, 再也看不见了。
After one question, he asked me two more questions. 在提问了一个问题以后 他又提了 2 个问
题。
6. vegetarian
1) adj. 素食的;
a vegetarian restaurant / diet
素餐馆;素食谱
2) n.
素食者
She does not eat any meat or fish. She is a vegetarian. 她不吃鱼和肉 她是素食主义者。
7. influence n. & vt.
1) n.
have an influence on sb. / sth.
the influence of climate on the agriculture
have a great good/bad/harmful / lasting influence on sb.
Obviously, my advice has no influence on his behavior. 很显然,我的建议对他的行为没有任何
影响.
The novels by Lu Xun have a lasting influence on the young generation .
鲁迅的小说对年轻人有着深远的影响。
Mr. Smith is a man of great influence in this small town.
史密斯先生在小镇上是有权势的人物。
under the influence of
= under control of
在...影响下 2)
vt.
影响 如：
I don’t want to influence you, so I don’t tell you my viewpoint. 我不想影响你,所以我不告诉你
我的观点.
Climates greatly influence the growth of crops.
气候对庄稼的生长影响很大。
be influenced by…
受……影响
Children are easily influenced by bad behavior. 孩子很容易受到不良行为的影响。
8.industry
n. 工业 行业 1)automobile/coal/chemical/tourist/meat industry
heavy / light industry
n. 重工业/轻工业 industrial
adj.
工业的
She is an industrial designer. 她是工业设计师。
The industrial exposition will be held on September.
工业博览会将于九月召开。
9.crowd
vi. 拥挤,挤满,挤进
vt. 挤满,将...塞进,催促
The students crowd around the teachers to ask questions.
学生们围挤着老师提问。
Audience crowded into the theatre.
观众们拥挤着进入剧院。
be crowded with 挤满, 拥塞
The train was crowded with passengers. 火车上挤满了乘客。
The room was crowded with guests.房间里挤满了客人
n.
a large number of people 人群 a huge/ big / enormous /small crowd of people 如：
There was a big ~ at the football match. 足球赛上有一大群人。
He followed the crowd at a crucial moment.
关键时刻.他总是随大流 随波逐流 。
10.Animals kept this way =Animals which/that are kept in this way.
(Structure: n. + done) Similar expressions (but different in meaning)
the house built last year = the house that/which was built last year
the problems left over by history = the problems which were left over by history
the concert given by these famous opera singers
=the concert which was given by these famous opera singers
the teacher surrounded by his students =the teacher who was surrounded by the students
被学生包围的老师
11. by the way 顺便说, 顺便问一下
例如：
By the way, do you live with your parents or have a place of your own?
顺便问一句, 你是同父母一起生活还是自己生活?
Phrases related to the word “way”:
the way (that / in which) sb. do sth.
the way you speak
in this / that way
in some / many / different ways
on the /one’s way to some place / on one’s way + adv.(there / here)
12.instead
adv.
1) We have no coffee. Would you like tea instead ?
It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead.
He didn’t reply.
Instead, he turned and left.
他没回答.反而转身离开了。
2) instead of :
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
=Now I don’t go to work by car, I can walk to work, instead.
13. cattle
n.牛,家畜,畜牲(复数) (cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat)
millions/thousands of cattle
twenty head of cattle = twenty cows
many herds of cattle 许多牛群
The cattle are eating grass in the sun.
类似还有: people, police 单复数同形
14.appetite
n.--- 嗜好,食欲,欲望
an appetite for food 食欲
an appetite for knowledge 求知欲
an appetite for work 工作热情
an appetite for reading 阅读热情
have a good/poor appetite 有好的/不好的食欲
improve the appetite 增进食欲
lose one’s appetite
失去食欲
satisfy sb.’s appetite
满足某人的食欲 或欲望
例如：
The students who have a strong appetite for knowledge will study well.
有强烈求知欲的学生会学习很好。
Exercises give one a good appetite.
运动增进食欲。
When I was ill , I completely lost my appetite for food. 我生病时完全没有食欲。
15.contain
vt. 包含,容纳,
例如：
The beer contains a small percentage of alcohol.
What does the box contain ? It contains some new types of toys.
The envelope contains some money.
信封里装有一些钱。
The drink contains no alcohol.
这种饮料不含酒精。
container ---an ancient Chinese container for food
16. because of / because
I am hungry because I did not eat breakfast.
我饿了.因为我没有吃早饭。
Because it was getting dark, we walked faster.
因为天色渐渐黑下来了.我们加快了脚步。
because of---as a result of sth.
My elder brother is often absent because of illness. 我哥哥常因患病而缺勤。
The train was late because of the fog. 火车晚点是由于有雾的缘故。
17. pesticide n.---a chemical that kills pests such as insects or rats
insecticide 杀虫剂
commit suicide 自杀
18. subject
n.
1)话题,主题
I wish you’d change the subject.
Let’s change the subject.
He has nothing more to say on the subject.
2)科目,学科
English is one of my favorite subjects.
3)主语
This sentence has no subject. 19. energy, strength, force 和 power energy 用于人时制蕴藏在人
体内的精力、活力 用于物理方面时指能量。 strength 用于人时指体力、力气 用于物理
方面时指强度。 force 指武力 暴力 或指引起重大变化的人或事物的力量。 power 表示
人时指权利 权势 用于物理方面时指动力 电力。
语法：情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必
须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不
带 to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词 ought 要和带 to 的动词不定式连用，在句
中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加 not 既构成其否定式。现
将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can 和 could （could 为 can 的过去式） 的基本用法
（1）表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. （2）在疑问句和否定句中表
示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? （3）表示“许可”时 can
可以和 may 换用，如：You can （may） go home now. （4）如果要表示语气婉转，可用 could
代替 can，这时 could 不再是 can 的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? （5）can
和 be able to 都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是 can 只能有现在式和过去式，
而 be able to 则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.
2、may 和 might （might 为 may 的过去式）的基本用法
（1）表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答
对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用 may 或 may not，以避免语气生硬或
不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或
---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果 Might I…? 就比用 May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：
May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用 must
not 代替 may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.（2）
may 或 might 都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用 might 表示可能性，则
语气更加不肯定，如：They may （might） be in the library now .
3、must 的基本用法
（1）must 表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应
该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You
mustn't touch the fire. （2）对以 must 提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用 needn't 或用 don't
（doesn't） have to （不 必）来回答，而不用 mustn't，因为 mustn't 表示的是“禁止”或“不
许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't （don't have to）, but
you must finish it in three days. （3）在肯定句中 must 可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”
之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just
bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must 后接完成式的用法
（1）can, could 后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀
疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际
并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only
yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. （2）may, might 后接完
成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用 might，
语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表
示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do
the work well that day. You might have done it better. （3）must 后接完成式的用法：表示对过
去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must
have gone to the library.
5、have to 的基本用法：have to 和 must 的意义相近，只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看
法，而 have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
6、ought to 的基本用法
（l）表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比 should 强，例如：Everyone ought to obey
the traffic regulations. （2）表示推测，注意与 must 表示推测时的区别：He must be home by
now .（断定他已到家），He ought to be home by now .（不十分肯定），This is where the oil must
be.（比较直率） ，This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄） ；（3）“ought + have+ 过
去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him.（but you didn’t）
这时，ought 与 should 可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中 ought to 用于否定和疑问句时 to
可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.
7、dare 的基本用法
（l）dare （dared 为其过去式） 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，
如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? （2）在现代英语中 dare 常用作行为动词，其
变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.
8、need 的基本用法
（1）need 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now.
（2）need 也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、
动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. （3）
needn't 后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the
letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.
9、shall 的基本用法
（1）shall 用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、
“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. （2）在疑问
句中，shall 用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the
door?
10、should 的基本用法
（1）should 作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from
each other. （2）should 后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不
应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.
11、will 的基本用法
（1）用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking,
but he will not listen. （2）在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对
方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? （3）will 可以表
示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this
river.
12、would 的基本用法
（1）would 作为 will 的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：
He promised he would never smoke again. （2）在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向
对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用 will 的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more
coffee? （3）在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语
气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. （4）would 可以表示过去的习惯动作，比 used to
正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us
stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. （5）表料想或
猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he
would have told you about it.
13、used to, had better, would rather 的用法
（1）used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，
例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句
或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your
brother? 否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. （usedn’t 也可写作 usen’t）；否定疑问句：
Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use
to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to
be very fat. didn’t she?/ use（d）n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up
early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.
（2）had better 意为“最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式，例如：---- We had better go now . ---- Yes,
we had（we'd better/ we had better）./ Hadn’t we better stop now?（Had we better not stop now?）
/ I think I’d better be going.（用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）/ You had better have done that（用
于完成时态，表未完成动作） 注：had better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
（3）would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带 to 的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./
Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d
rather go there. 由于 would rather 表选择，因 而后可接 than，例如：I would rather work on a
farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a
dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to
anyone. （句中的 'd rather 不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词）
典型例题
1. — Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I for.
A、should have wished
B、must have wished
C、may have wished
D、could have wished
【答案】D
【解析】A 项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B 项意为“一定希望”；C 项意为“也许希
望”；D 项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好
的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选 D 项。
2.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.
A、mustn't
B、shouldn't
C、wouldn't
D、mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】mustn’t 意为“禁止”；shouldn’t 意为“不应该”；wouldn’t 意为“不愿意”；mightn’t 意
为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句
意可知，应选 C 项。
3. It ______ heavily when he got back home for he was wet all5over.
A. was raining
B. must have been raining
C. must be raining
D. rained
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。此处 must have been raining 表示对过去事实的推测。句意：
他到家时全身都湿了，那时天一定在下雨。
即时体验
1．We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A、may not
B、needn’t
C、can’t
D、mustn’t
2. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A、have had
B、had had
C、have
D、had
3. ---Alice, let’s go to the supermarket and buy some food.
---Sorry, Mike ____ come to see me this afternoon so I’d better stay at home in case he comes.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
1.答案：B
解析：may not 不可以，needn’t 不需要，can't 不可能， mustn't 绝不可能
本句句意为：既然 Suzie 不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。
2. 答案：D
解析：此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时
态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设
3. 答案：B
解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据 in case he comes 可知表示没有把握的推测，故用 may。
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