1. _____________ n. 环境
→ ______________
adj. 自然环境的; 有关环境的
2. _______ n. 叶; 叶子
→ _______ (复数)
(一) 单词
environment
leaf
leaves
environmental
3. ________ v. 生产; 制造; 出产
→ ________ n. 产品
4. ________ adj. 广泛的; 普通的
→ _______ adv.广泛地; 普通地
5. ________ 法国
→ ________ n. 法语
adj. 法国的; 法国人的; 法语的
6. ___________ 德国
→ ________ n. 德国人; 德语 adj. 德国的
produce
wide
France
product
widely
French
Germany
German
7. _________ v. 避免; 回避
8. _________ adj. 每天的; 日常的
→ __________ 每天
9. ____________ n. 参赛者; 竞争者
→ ____________ n. 竞争; 比赛
10. ____________ n. 庆典; 庆祝活动
→ ___________ v. 庆祝
11. __________ v. 完成
adj. 完整的; 完全的; 彻底的
avoid
everyday
every day
competitor
celebrate
celebration
competition
complete
12. _________ n. 高兴; 愉快
→ ________ v. 使高兴; 使满意
→ ________ adj. 令人愉快的; 舒适的
13. _______ adj. 每日的; 日常的
→ ______ n. 白天; 一天
14. ______ v. 列表; 列清单
n. 名单; 清单
15. ________ v. 提到; 说到
16. ________ v. 保持不变; 剩余
daily
pleasure
please
pleasant
day
list
mention
remain
17. __________ adj. 国家的; 民族
→_______ n. 国家; 民族
18. ________ v. 做买卖; 从事贸易
n. 贸易; 交易
19. _________ adj. 受欢迎的; 流行的
→___________ n. 受欢迎; 普及
20. __________ v. 翻译
→ __________ n. 翻译; 译文
national
nation
trade
popular
popularity
translate
translation
21. _______ adj. 音乐
→________ adj. 音乐的; 有音乐天赋的
22. ________ adj. 咸的
→ ________ n. 盐
23. _________ 加拿大
→_________ adj. 加拿大的; 加拿大人的
n. 加拿大人
24. ________ n. 英雄; 男主角
→________ (复数)
music
musical
salty
salt
Canada
heroes
Canadian
hero
25. ___________ n. 职业; 行业
→_____________ adj. 职业的; 专业的
26. _________ n. 事故; 意外; 偶然
→ __________ adj. 意外的; 偶然的
27. ________ n. 疑惑; 疑问
v. 怀疑
profession
professional
accident
accidental
doubt
1. __________________ 实现某人的梦想
2. _______________ 突然；猛地
3. _______________ 低价
4. ________________ 同时
5. _________________ 避免做某事
6. _________________ 被……覆盖
（二）短语
achieve one’s dream
all of a sudden
at a low price
at the same time
avoid doing sth.
be covered with
7. ____________________ 以……闻名;
为人知晓
8. ________________ 由……制成
9. _______________ 被变成
10. __________________ 被用来做某事
11. _______________ 违反规则
12. _____________ 偶然；意外地
13. ____________ 手工
14. ____________ 错误地；无意中
be known/famous for
be made of / from
be turned into
by accident
by hand
by mistake
break the rule
be used for doing sth.
15. _______________ 疏忽驾驶
16. _______________ 日常生活
17. _______________ 把……分开
18. ______________ 梦想; 幻想; 向往
19. ______________________ 环境保护
20. _______________ 日用品
21. _______________ 童话故事
22. ____________ 掉进
careless driving
daily life
divide ... into
dream of
environmental protection
everyday things
fairy tale
fall into
23. ____________ 有道理
24. ________________________
高科技产品
25. _____________ 处于困境中
26. ______________ 钦佩；仰慕
27. ______________ 泡茶
28. ______________ 不论；无论
29._________________ 不但……而且……
have a point
in trouble
make tea
no matter
high-technology products
not only...but also...
look up to
30. _____________ 剪纸
31. _____________ 发生；出现
32. _______________ ……的数量
33. _________________
把……翻译成……
34. _____________ 毫无疑问；的确
paper cutting
take place
the number of ...
translate ... into ...
without doubt
1. ... was / were made in+某地.
……是在……(地方)制造的。
2. ... is / are made of / from+材料.
……是由……(材料)制成的。
3. It seems that ...
……好像是 / 似乎……
4. It takes some time to do sth.
做某事花费一些时间。
（三）句型
5. ... was invented in +时间.
……是在……(时候)发明的。
6. ... was invented by ...
……是由……发明的。
7. No matter what you ..., you might
think ...
不论你……，你可能认为……
8. It is said that ...
据说……
9. It is believed that ...
人们认为…… / 据信……
10. ... has not only become ..., but it has
also become ...
……不仅已经变成了……而且也已
经变成了……
1. glass n. 玻璃
【归纳】
glass作不可数名词, 意为“玻璃”。a piece
of glass意为“一块玻璃”。
glass作可数名词, 意为“玻璃杯”。a glass
of wine意为“一杯葡萄酒”。
glass的复数形式是glasses, 意为“眼镜”。a
pair of glasses 意为“一副眼镜”。
(一) 单词
2. avoid v. 避免; 回避
【归纳】
avoid后可跟名词和v.-ing形式。
【拓展】
动词后只跟v.-ing形式作宾语, 常见搭配:
finish doing sth. keep doing sth.
practice doing sth. consider doing sth.
enjoy doing sth. mind doing sth.
have dun doing sth. end up doing sth.
【中考链接】
-- China is getting better and better at
making high technology products.
-- That’s right. People around the world
can hardly avoid _____ products made
in China. (2015黄冈)
A. not buying B. not to buy
C. to buy D. buying
3. 辨析 everyday/every day
everyday, 形容词, 意为“每天的; 日
常的”, 用来修饰名词。
every day意为“每天”, 在句中通常
用时间状语。
4. 辨析 lively/living/alive
lively意为“”生气勃勃的, 既可以指活着
的生物, 也可以指抽象的概念。
living意为“活着的; 健在的”。既可指生
物, 也可指其他事物。在句中作定语和表
语, 作表语时相当于alive。
alive意为“活着的”。常用作表语, 如果作
定语, 需后置。
5. 辨析 pleasant/pleasure/pleased/please
pleasant adj. 令人愉快的; 令人高兴的
作表语时, 主语为物; 作定语时, 可以修
饰人或物。
pleasure n. 愉快; 高兴; 快乐
pleased adj. 高兴的; 满意的
只作表语, 主语是人。
please v. 使满意
【中考链接】
-- It is very nice of you to help me.
-- _________.
A. I agree B. Not yet
C. My pleasure D. No way
(2015 昆明)
6. smell n. 气味 v. 发出……气味; 闻到
【归纳】
smell还可以作系动词, 意为“闻起来”, 其
后可以跟形容词作表语。
【拓展】
常见的感官动词:
look 看起来 sound 听起来
smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来
feel 摸起来; 感觉
【中考链接】
The meat on the plate ______ so
delicious. Let’s try it together.
A. smells B. sounds
C. sees D. feels
(2015 青岛)
7. divide v. 分开; 分散
【归纳】
常见搭配:
divide up 分开, 分割
divide into 分成, 划分为
divide sth. into 把某物分成……
【中考链接】
Dr. Naismith d______ the men in his
class into two teams and taught them
to play basketball.
(2015 杭州)
divided
1. 辨析 be famous/known for
be famous/known as
be famous/know for 表示“因……而
出名”, 后跟出名的原因。
be famous/know as 表示“作为……
而出名”, 后跟职业、身份等。
(二) 短 语
【中考链接】
Sanya is famous _____ its beautiful
beaches.
A. of B. for C. as
(2014绥化)
2. turn into 变成
【拓展】
turn 短语：
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn down 关小; 调低(音量)
turn up 开大; 调高(音量)
3. 辨析 take place/happen
take place意为“发生”, 指事先计划好, 事
情按照预定的方向“发生”。
happen意为“(碰巧)发生”, 指事情的发生
带有一定的偶然性。常见用法:
sb. happen(s) to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
sth. happen(s) to sb. 某人发生了某事
【拓展】
happen和take place都没有被动语态。
【中考链接】
The Olympic Games of 2016 will _____
in Brazil.
A. take after B. take off
C. take place D. take away
(2013 临沂)
4. without doubt 毫无疑问; 的确
doubt 在此外作名词, 意为“疑惑; 疑问”,
doubt还可以作动词, 意为“怀疑”。
【中考链接】
毫无疑问, 中国人最了解茶文化。
________ ______, the Chinese know
about tea culture best.
(2015 烟台)
Without doubt
5. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
【中考链接】
I will try my best to stop my son from
_____ the same mistakes.
A. make B. made
C. makes D. making
(2015 重庆)
6. look up to 钦佩; 仰慕
【拓展】
其反义词为look down on/upon, 意为“贬
低; 看不起”.
【中考链接】
马云很成功, 许多年轻人仰慕他。(look)
Ma Yun is successful that many young
people _________ him.
(2015 宜昌)
look up to
1. No matter what you may buy, you might
think those products were made in those
countries.
无论你买什么，你可能会认为那些产品
都是产自那些国家。
（三）句式
【归纳】
no matter 意为“不论; 无论”, 后接关系代词
或关系副词, 引导让步状语从句。
【拓展】
常用句型：
no matter what… = whatever… 无论什么……
no matter who… = whoever … 无论谁……
no matter where… = wherever ...
无论何处……
no matter when… = whenever …
无论何时……
【中考链接】
“___________(无论何事) happens, I’ll
look after my father will.” The Most
Beautiful Filial Child(最美孝心少年)
Liang Weiyue said.
(2015 连云港)
Whatever
2. It takes several weeks to complete
everything.
完成所有事情要花费几周时间。
【归纳】
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“
某人花费多长时间做某事”。
【中考链接】
-- It will ____ only about 50 minutes to
travel to Mount Wuyi by high-spread
railway.
-- Wow, how exciting! I can’t wait.
A. take B. spend C. cost
(2015 福州)
3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen
Nong was the first to discover tea as a
drink.
据说一位叫神农的中国统治者最早发现
了茶可以饮用。
【归纳】
It is said that意为“据说……”。
【拓展】
类似用法的结构还有:
It is believed that… 人们相信/认为……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is well know that… 从所周知……
【典型例题】
据说你通过了历史考试。
____ ____ _____ _____ you passed the
history test.
It is said that
4. In England, tea didn’t appear until
around 1660, but in less than 100
years, it had become the national
drink.
在英国, 茶直到大约1660年才出现, 但
是不到100年, 它就变成了国家级的饮
品。
【归纳】
not… until 意为“直到……才”, 表示直
到某一时间某行为才发生。
【中考链接】
-- Excuse me, may I come in?
-- Not yet. Please wait on your chair ___
your name is called.
A. and B. until C. after D. since
(2015 呼和浩特)
5. Basketball has not only become a
popular sport to play, but it has also
become a popular to watch.
篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运
动, 也成为了一项人们喜欢观看的
运动。
【归纳】
not only…but also…是固定搭配, 意为
“不仅……而且……”。
连接并列主语时, 谓语动词要和but also
后的主语保持一致, 即遵循“就近原则
”。
【中考链接】
At school, we are taught _________
knowledge _______ how to behave
well.
A. neither; nor
B. either; or
C. not only; but also
D. not; but
(2015 青岛)
(四) 交际用语
特征(Features)
1. 形状(Shape)
A. What does it look like?
What shape is your new toy? /
What’s the shape of your new toy?
B. It looks like a red apple.
It’s round / long / tall / short.
It’s a circle / square / triangle.
2. 材料(Material)
A. What’s the bottle made of ?
What’s the paper made from?
B. It’s made of glass.
It’s made from wood.
Mom bought a silk scarf this
morning.
被动语态
语态是用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，表示
主语是动作的执行者；另一种是被动语态，
表示主语是动作的承受者，有时候句中有由
by引导的短语说明动作的执行者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态通常由“助动词be +及物动
词的过去分词”构成。被动语态可用于
多种时态，初中阶段需要掌握的是一般
现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被
动语态，其结构如下：
一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are+及
物动词的过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态：was / were+及物
动词的过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态：will+ be+及物动
词的过去分词am / is / are going to+be +及
物动词的过去分词
注意：含情态动词的被动语态的结构是：
情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。
二、被动语态的用法(主要用于以下几种情况)
1. 强调动作的承受者。如：
This novel is liked by most young people.
2. 不知道动作的执行者。如：
The book is written for children.
3. 没有必要提及执行者。如：
The work must be finished in a week.
4. 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。如：
New York is thought to be the busiest city.
三、被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题
1. “一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear, listen to)”、
“三使(make, let, have)”、“四看(see,
watch, look, notice)”等动词在主动句中要
跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但
在被动句中，这些词后面的动词不定式都
需要带to。如：
In the old days, they were made to work 14
hours a day.
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将主
动句中的直接宾语或间接宾语变为被动句
中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语
(指物)变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接
宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或for。
常接to的动词有give, tell, lend, show, pass,
hand等；常接for的动词有buy, get等。如：
主动结构：Maria showed me some photos. /
Maria showed some photos to me.
被动结构：I was shown some photos by Maria.
(间接宾语作主语)
Some photos were shown to me by Maria. (直接
宾语作主语)
3. “不及物动词+介词 / 副词”构成的短语动词，
变成被动句时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词
或副词不可与动词拆开或漏掉。如：
My sister is looked after well in the hospital.
【拓展】主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1. 有些动词常用其主动形式表示被动意义，如
sell, wash, write等和表示感觉、知觉的系动词
feel, sound, taste, smell等。如：
The cloth washes well.
Oh, the milk tastes strange.
2. 在need, require, worth后用动词-ing形式的主
动形式表示被动意义。如：
The red flower needs watering.
= The red flower needs to be watered.
I. 将下列句子改为被动语态，每空一词。
1. The teacher made the students copy the text.
The students were _______ ____ copy the
text. (2015 贵州安顺)
2. Wesley translates two French storybooks into
Chinese every year.
Two French storybooks ___ __________ into
Chinese by Wesley every year. (2015 上海)
made to
are translated
3. Don’t put off today’s work to tomorrow.
You must do your homework today.
Don’t put off today’s work to tomorrow.
Your homework must _____ ______
today.
(2015 贵州黔西南)
be done
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. The novel ____ by many people today.
A. is read B. are read
C. reads D. were read
(2015 天津)
2. —Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking
_______ in public places.
—Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A. isn’t allowed
B. aren’t allowed
C. doesn’t allow
(2015 福建福州)
3. We _______ to start at once, or we will
miss the train.
A. tell B. have told
C. are told D. told
(2015 山东青岛)
4. She _______ to give a talk about how to
save water yesterday.
A. invite B. invited
C. is invited D. was invited
(2015 吉林长春)
5. These model cars _____ in China in 2013.
A. are made B. were made
C. make D. made
(2015 北京)
6. Tourists’ bad behavior _______ by the
government in our country from now on.
A. will record B. will be recorded
C. records D. is recorded
(2015 陕西)
7. Teenagers should _______ to take care of
themselves from a young age.
A. educate B. be educating
C. have educated D. be educated
(2015 山东临沂)
8. A new school _______ last year in my
hometown.
A. set up B. sets up
C. is set up D. was set up
(2015 四川资阳)
9. To our surprise, the walls of the new
bookstore _______ books.
A. are lined with
B. is lined with
C. have lined with
(2015 福建厦门)
10. Though he often made his little
sister _______, today he was made
_______ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry
B. crying; crying
C. cry; cry
D. to cry; cry
(2015 广东汕尾)
I. 根据句意及所给首字母提示，补全句中
所缺单词。
1. The price of the skirt is very l . I
can afford it.
2. There is a sign in the garden. It says
“Keep off the g ”.
3. The computer is very important in
our e life.
low
grass
everyday
4. Maria doesn’t like eating grapes
because sometimes they’re s .
5. The t accident happened on a
cold winter morning.
6. Remember to l the door when
you leave. Safety comes first.
lock
sour
traffic
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一
词。
1. 毫无疑问，葆拉是她家年龄最小的。
Paula is _______ _______ the youngest
one in her family.
2. 大多数男孩子仰慕这些足球明星。
Most boys ______ ____ ___ these
football stars.
look up to
without doubt
3. 不论你做什么，我都支持你。
_____ _______ _______ you do, I will
support you.
4. 凯西在拥挤的公共汽车上偶然遇见了她
的一位老朋友。
Cathy met an old friend of hers ____
_________ on a crowded bus.
by
No matter what
accident
5. 突然，刮起了一阵大风。
______ _____ _____ ________, a wind
blew strongly.
6. 潍坊是山东的一个城市, 它以风筝而闻
名。
Weifang is a city in Shandong. It ____
______________ ____ kites.known/famous for
All of a sudden
is
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