初中英语倒装句、祈使句、一般过去时精讲精练

倒装句 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。 1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。 2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。3. 介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie, live, sit, stand, come, go等动词,全句需要全部倒装。如:Into the hall came three women. 大厅里走进来三位妇女。 In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店。4. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:—I have finished my homework.    我已经做完作业了。—So has he. 他也做完了。—I haven’t seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。—Neither (Nor) have I.  我也没有。5. not only... but also...连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。 一般过去时的用法: 一、表示过去的动作或状态:I bought the hat yesterday.这顶帽子是我昨天买的。He was at school last Monday.上星期一他在上学。   二、表示过去的习惯动作: When he was at school, he wrote a diary every day.他上学时,每天写一篇日记。I used to get up early. 我以前习惯早起。注:“used to+动词原形”表示过去某一段时间内有规律的习惯。用于一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), ago(以前), just now(刚才), last night (week, Sunday, month, year), at that time(moment), then(那时), a few days (weeks, months, years) ago等。 祈使句 一、表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人),通常省略,其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句号,语调读降调。 二、祈使句的结构形式: 1. 肯定的祈使句。(1)句中只有不及物动词。如: Come here! 过来!  Look! 看! Come in! 进来!(2)及物动词+宾语。如: Close the door! 关门!   Open your books!翻开课本!(3)系动词+表语。如: Be quiet, please! 请安静!    Be careful! 小心! 2. 否定的祈使句。 祈使句否定式的构成是直接在动词原形前加don’t。为了表示礼貌,也可以加上please。如:Don’t talk in class. 不要在课堂上讲话。Don’t close the window, please. 请不要关窗户。3. Let 引导的句子也是一种祈使句,表示建议。Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。Let’s go. 咱们走吧!这种祈使句的否定结构是在let’s后加not。如:Let’s not go now. 咱们现在先别走。4. 以no开头的表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!  No fishing!禁止钓鱼!   一般过去时专练 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The children ______(go) to the park every Sunday last year.2. I ______(do) my homework last night.3. The teacher ______(ask) us to do the exercises on page 38 just now.4. Mary ______(be) out when I called her.5. My brother ______(go) to study in America two years ago.   II. 按要求完成句子。 1. They went shopping last Sunday. (对划线部分提问)______ ______ they ______ last Sunday?2. What day is it today? (用yesterday改写句子)What day ______ ______ yesterday?3. I left for Paris yesterday morning. (对划线部分提问)______ ______ ______ ______ for Paris?4. They were in London last week. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)—______ ______ in London last week?—______, ______ ______.5. I went out for a walk after supper. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)—______ ______ ______ out for a walk after supper?—______, ______ ______.    祈使句专练 III. 把下列句子改为祈使句。1. You must look after your things! 　 ______ ______ your things, please. 2. Can I have a look at your photo? 　 ______ ______ have a look at your photo. 3. You can’t throw things on the floor. 　 ______ ______ things on the floor. 4. Could you help me take these baskets to my car?　 ______ ______ take these baskets to my car, please. 5. We go to school together.　 ______ ______ to school together. Key: I. 1.went   2. did   3. asked   4. was   5. went    II. 1. What did, do   2. was it    3. When did you leave  4. Were they; Yes, they were  5. Did you go; No, I didn’t     III. 1. Look after    2. Let me      3. Don’t throw  4. Help me     5. Let’s go