2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：定语从句

2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：定语从句 什么是定语？ 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词， 此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词 的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用 '……的' 表示。 例 a beautiful girl the noisy music 什么是定语从句？ 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。 例 I like the book which is about tale story. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 二、先行词：定语从句在句中作定语, 用来修饰某个名词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫先行词, 而定语从句位于先行词的后面。 三、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。 关系词常有 3 个作用：1.连接作用。连接主句和从句。 2.指代作用。指代先行词 3.在从句中充当一定成分。 指人 指物 所作成分 that √ √ 主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略） which √ 主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略） who √ 主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略） whom √ 宾语（可以省略） 关 系 代 词 whose √ √ 定语 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 关系 副词 why 原因状语 例 This is the place where they fought the enemy. Yesterday I received a letter which came from Australia.1. 先通过翻译确定是定语从句 2. 找先行词，看先行词是人是物 3. 看从句缺什么成分 练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Mr. Smith is the man ____ teaches us English. A who B whom C what D which 3. We all like people ______ are kind and patient. A that B whom C what D which 4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. which C. what D. when 5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there6. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 7. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 8. I hate the people _______ don’t help others when they are in trouble. 　　A. who 　　　 B. which 　　 　C. they　　　 D. where 9. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada. 　　A. which 　　 　B. when 　　 　C. who 　　　 D. whom 10. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because 11. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B 5、whose whose 既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其 后的名词。 The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。 The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。对于考查关系代词 whose 的考题，掌握以下一点非常有用： 1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。 例 It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten. 那是一本英语小说，书名我忘了。 练习 1. Mother gave me a book ______ cover is red. A which B that C whose D what 2. I know someone else________ father works here. A who B whom C whose D that 3. This is the girl ______ pronunciation is the best in our class. A who B whom C whose D that 答案：1.C 2.C 3.C 练习 Ⅰ. 用 that, who, which 或 whom 填空 1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music. 2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle. 3. The girl _______________ you met just now in the street is my friend. 4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago. 5. The man with _______ my father is talking over there is our head teacher. 答案：1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who/whom/that 4.which 5.whom II. 根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。 1. He is the man __________ is ready to help others. 2. The girl ________________ I spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The dress ___________ you bought in the city mall is made of silk. 4. Bill likes music ___________ he can sing along with. 5. This is the village __________ I used to live in. 6. Women always like buying many things _____________ they don’t need at all. 7. I’m studying a subject ___________ I am very interested in. 8. The girl with ________ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin. 答案：1.who/that 2.who/whom/that 3.that /which 4.that/ which 5.that/ which 6.that/ which 7.that /which 8. whom 注意 一、介词后面只能用 which 或 whom, 不能用 that 或 who。 There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip. Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom? This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen. 二、关系词只能用 that 的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能 用 that,而不用 which。例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时, 只 能用 that, 而不用 which。例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which。 例如: This is the same bike that I lost. d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用 that, 而不用 which。例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用 that。例如: Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是 there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用 that, 而不用 which。例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 单项选择 1. I like music _______ great lyrics. A. that have B. that has C. who have D. who has 2. They are talking about things and persons _______ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what 3. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday. A. which B. whose C. when D. that 5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there? --- Oh, he is my math teacher. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C6、关系副词的用法 （1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： 　This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： 　This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 （3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： 　 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 练习 (1) Shanghai is the city ________ I was born. A which B that C what D where (2) The house_________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. A why B that C what D where (3) I still remember the day__________I first came to the school. A why B when C what D where (4)The reason _________ he refused the invitation is not clear. A why B that C what D where 答案：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 1.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案：D 2.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother. A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案：B 3.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案：A 4.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.A.that B.which C.who 参考答案：A 5.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案：C 6.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy. A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案：A 7.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday. A.whom B.who C.whoseD.which 参考答案：D 8.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything. A. whose B. who C. when D. which 参考答案：B 9.A friend is someone _____ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案：A 10.This is the book _____ tells many English stories. A.what B.which C.who 参考答案：B