七选五 议论文
精选大题
A
【2016·北京】
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from onegeneration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
5 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】1-5 FCAEG
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【解析】本文为议论文，文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。
1.考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F项“然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的考量标准来权衡风险和收益。”符含语境,故选F。
2. 考查上下文串联。“ hunting, fighting or exploring”捕猎、战斗和探索等活动是生存的必要条件,C项中的“those”是对这些活动的指代,故选C。
3. 考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types...”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。
4. 考查上下文串联。E项中的“when”与“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的“teenage years”对应，故选E。
5. 考查上下文串联。根据“a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，故选G。
B
【2015·新课标全国I】
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 6 .Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 7. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
l 8. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
l 9. If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 10. Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
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A. It is putting confidence in someone.
B. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
C. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
D. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
E. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
F. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【答案】6-10 BEACG
【解析】本文为议论文，文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。
6. 根据前一句“trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences”信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项B中的代指上文刚出现的“trust”。故选B。
7. 根据前句“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore”可知他们受到严重的伤害因此不能忍受背叛再次发生。可知选E。
8. 根据后句“Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.”可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选A。
9. 根据后句“If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。
10. 根据前一句“Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life”和后一句“instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.”可知看到事情的积极面，并不意味着你就会忽视所发生的事情。故选G。
模拟精做
A
【北京东城二模】Sound like a list of your homework for the next few nights — or maybe even just for tonight? 1. It’s your teachers’ way of evaluating how much you understand what’s going on in class.And it helps strengthen concepts.
2. It’s inviting to start with the easy things to get them out of the way. However,you’ll have the most energy and focus when you begin, so it’s best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you’re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck on a problem, try to figure it out as well as you can —but don’t spend too much time
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on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night.3. But don’t pick someone whom you’ll never get it done!
Most people’s attention spans aren’t very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework.Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often.Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people. 4.
Once your homework is done, you can check over it if you have extra time. Be sure to put it safely away in your backpack — there’s nothing worse than having a completed assignment that you can’t find the next morning or that gets ruined by a careless brother or sister. 5. Now you’re free to hang out.
A. Homework is a major part of going to school.
B. Luckily, you can do a few things to do less homework.
C. When you start your homework, deal with the hardest tasks first.
D. But if you’re really concentrating, wait until it’s a good time to stop.
E. If you need to, ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice.
F. And no teacher still believes that “chewed by the dog” lie — even when it’s true!
G. In conclusion, no one is expected to stay long, and people have very different learning styles.
【答案】1-5ACEDF
【解析】本篇文章为议论文。主要讲了学生在写家庭作业时应该注意的几点问题。
1.本题考察的是同范畴词。空格后“teacher”，“class”与选项A 中的“going to school”属于同范畴词，另外话题一致，都是homework。
2.本题考察的段首主题句。本段讲的主要内容是刚开始写作业，要从最难的开始。而空格处是本段的主旨句，内容一致，因此选C。
3.本题考察的是同范畴词。空格后“someone”与选项E中“anadult”属于同范畴词，讲的寻求帮助的两个选择。因此选E。
4.本题考察的是转折对比关系。空格前大意为“对于大多数人来说每个小时休息十五分钟的模式是非常好的”，空格处表示转折对比，关键词“but”，空格处大意为“但是如果你非常专注，就要找个合适的时间再休息”。因此选D。
5.本题考察的是并列关系。空格前大意为确保你的作业不被破坏，而空格处与此内容一致，老师也不会相信作业被狗吃了这种借口的。因此选F。
B
【2016·海淀区高三一模考试】
Do Actions Speak Louder than Words?
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Our society is fast paced. We are all rushing from one place to the next, blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights. We don’t have time for that silliness today. But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow. It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words. 6.
Have you ever really thought about the saying Actions speak louder than words? Think about it now. If you say one thing and act in an opposite way, will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered? I don’t think so. 7.______It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation, love, approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug, pat on the back or smile.
8. What about that saying? True? Yes! Words carry a lot of weight and will be remembered for years especially when they are written down. Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime. I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment. 9. Let’s not be a member of that “club”. When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate’s coat pocket? If you want to see a bright smile,that will do it! The power of this written note will be remembered for many days, even years.
“I can live for two months on a good compliment(夸奖)”, said Mark Twain. Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood. 10. A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child. “I noticed that your hair looked very nice today. Did you hang your coat up all by yourself?” It is amazing how those few words can change a child’s outlook …almost immediately. Don’t stop there. One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words— “I love you!” Boy, that put a spring in my step! Mark Twain is right. I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words.
A. The pen is more powerful than the sword.
B. Is it really reasonable to do something like that?
C. Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?
D. It is important to have your words match your actions.
E. Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.
F. Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.
G. Don’t be afraid to show your child with encouraging words all day long.
【答案】6-10CDAFG
【解析】本文为议论文，讨论了“事实胜于雄辩”这一普遍看法的准确性，引起大家的思考并从不同的角度进行了分析。
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6.本题考查的是段尾结论句。段尾，是对上句的内容“是时候思考一下我们的行为和所说的话”的反问总结，总结上文的同时，引出下文。因此选C
7. 本题考查的是过渡句。可以运用并列关系，上文作者表达了一个看法“我并不认为只有行动才会让人记住，而语言会被人忽略”，所以本空的内容和下一句提出两个角度来支持我的看法：即语言和行动要一致和用语言表达赞赏、爱等情绪同时要用行动来表现出来。值得注意的是，挖空内容和下一句的句式一致（It is… 和It is also…），并有逻辑词also。因此选D
8.本题考查的是过渡句。可以运用代词指示。后句“What about that saying? ”中“that saying”指代上文中的谚语。所以选择A 选项“The pen is more powerful than the sword.”，即文字比利剑更犀利。
9.本题考查的是过渡句。可以运用代词指示。上文中提到的“unkind comment”与选项F 中的代词“Those words”相对应。
10.本题考查的是细节题。可以运用同范畴词。前文“Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood.”以及后文“A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child.”可知此处的重要线索为孩子，对孩子的表扬和鼓励，而选项中的“show your child with encouraging words”属于同范畴词。
C
【2018•全国卷Ⅲ】Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresseslove and hate,joy and sorrow,life and death,and everything else in between.
11We dance from Florida to Alaska,from north to south and sea to sea.Wedance at weddings,birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 12 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
13 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 14 ”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 15 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C.If you like dancing outdoors,come to America.
D.My older students say it makes them feel young.
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E.I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】11-15BDAFE
【解析】本文属于议论文。作者谈论舞蹈的作用：表达爱恨、快乐与悲伤、生与死等等。
11. 根据后文“We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，这里是说在美国到处有人跳舞，从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，故选B。
12. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句“it’s great to watch them”，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。
13. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。
14. 根据前句“they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile”, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选F。
15. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。
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