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词汇（14）
李仕才
复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）
【单句单词语法填空】
1、Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live ________harmony with nature.
答案：in in harmony with“与……和谐共处”。句意：人的生命被看作是自然界的一部分；就这点而论，我们要存活下来的唯一方式就是与大自然和谐共处。
2． He reported the case ________ the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city.
答案：to 句意为：他向警察报告了这个事件，然后孤独迷茫地坐在一个陌生的城市里。report...to...为固定搭配，意为“向……报告……”。
3．(2014·福建，22改编)Our club is open to everyone regardless______age，sex or educational background.
答案：of 句意为：我们的俱乐部向每个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless of意为“不管；不顾”，为固定搭配。
4．(2014·天津，6改编)In addition ______the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
答案：to 句意为：除了学校之外，村子里还有一家诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建起来的。根据下文关键词also可知，学校也是政府开办的，故填to，in addition to意为“除了……之外(还)”。
5．(2014·浙江，10改编)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything______ return.
答案：in 句意为：当詹姆斯呆在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他有的所有东西与村民分享，不求任何回报。根据前面的单词unselfishly可知他这样做不图回报。in return为固定短语，意为“作为回报”。
核心单词
1.greedy adj. 贪吃的，贪婪的；渴望的
2.greeting n. 祝贺
3.growth n. 生长，增长
4.guarantee vt.& n. 保证，担保
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5.guidance n. 指引，指导；领导
6.guide n. 向导，导游者
7.habit n. 习惯，习性
8.happiness n. 幸福，愉快
9.hardship n. 困难
10.hardworking adj. 努力工作的
11.harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的
12.harmonious adj. 融洽的，和睦的
13.healthy adj. 健康的，健壮的
14.honest adj. 诚实的，正直的
15.honour (美honor) n. 荣誉，光荣
vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉
16.hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的
17.humorous adj. 富于幽默的
18.identity n. 身份；特性，特征；同一(性)，一致(性)
19.ignore vt. 忽视，对……不理会
20.illegal adj. 非法的
21.imagination n. 想象力
22.immigration n. 移民
23.impact n.& v. 影响，作用；冲击，碰撞
24.impression n. 印象，感觉
25.improve v. 提高
重点短语
1.go away 走开
go ahead 继续；干吧
go by (时间)过去；经过(地点)
go out (灯、火)熄灭
go on doing sth 继续做某事
go on to do sth 接着做另外的事
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go over 检查；复习
go through 完成；通过；经历；仔细检查
go against 违背
go for 运用于，应用于
go in for 参加；对……感兴趣
go with 与……相配
go without 没有……也行
go up 上升，上涨
go down 下降，下沉
2.have a knowledge of 了解
have a command of 了解，掌握
have...in common with 与……有共同之处
have a better understanding of... 对……有更好的理解
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
【阅读理解】
Pollution’s great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.
Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.
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The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.
The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.
B. The process of building green buildings.
C. The benefits and features of green buildings.
D. Green buildings effects on the environment.
2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.
A. produce no waste
B. only use clean energy
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C. are made of recycled materials
D. use energy and resources more efficiently
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?
A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.
B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.
C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.
D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.
4.Why are green roofs used ?
A. They fit the surrounding environment well
B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs
C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life
D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well
【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。
1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。
3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。
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4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。
写作句式
it 作形式主语/宾语
1.(2016·北京高考书面表达)As far as I’m concerned, it is everyone’s duty to protect the earth.
在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。
2.(2016·天津高考书面表达)It is evident that this experience will become a pleasant memory.
显然，这次经历将成为一个愉快的回忆。
3.(2016·上海高考书面表达)Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find it hard to live up to them.父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。
4.(天津高考书面表达)I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vice－president of the English club.
我很高兴，我认为竞选英语俱乐部副主席是一件荣耀的事情。
我读我练
Ⅰ.词汇应用
1.His actions declared him to be an honest(诚实的) man.
2.Thanks for your support and guidance (指导) in this job.
3.They speak in a __humorous(humor) way and make fun of each other whenever they meet.
4.Passive smoking means taking in someone else’s cigarette and it is also harmful (harm) to health.
5.She went__through(仔细检查) her pockets and in the end found the keys.
6.My cousin is so noisy that I have__difficulty__concentrating__on__my__study(难以专心学习).
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Ⅱ.句式仿写
1.非常荣幸在这里就高中该学什么与你们分享我的看法。
(2014·江西高考书面表达)It’s__my__honor__to__be__here__to__share__with__you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
2.在过去的几十年，医疗技术的进步已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
In the last decades, advances in medical technology have__made__it__possible for people to live longer than in the past.
3.我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。
I think __it’s__a__good__chance__for__you__to__participate__in the English Speaking Competition.
【练习】
I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the National Day holidays this year.In October 1st，I went to Tian'anmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting.Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly.I thought of the old saying that“One who fail to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，but I really had a good time.
【答案】
I like travelling and my dream of Beijing，the capital city of our country， true during the National Day holidays this year. October 1st，I went to Tian'anmen Square with my parents， we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely .Then we went to some other famous tourist ，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very .I thought of the old saying that“One who to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，/ I really had a good time.
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第一处：visit→visiting。考查动名词。of为介词，后接动名词作宾语。
第二处：come改为came。考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“this year”可知，该处讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
第三处：In→On。考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。
第四处：there→where。考查定语从句。根据语境可知，此处应用where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tian'anmen Square。
第五处：flag前面加上the。考查定冠词。根据语境可知，这里的flag表特指，故用定冠词。
第六处：exciting→excited。考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”。
第七处：attraction→attractions。考查名词的数。attraction作“吸引人的事物”讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的some可知，此处指多个旅游景点，故用复数形式。
第八处：proudly→proud。考查形容词。该句中的感官动词felt用作系动词，后接形容词。
第九处：fail→fails。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是一般情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为One，为第三人称单数，故用fails。
第十处：删除but或but改为yet。although不能和but连用，能和yet连用。补充：此处也可删除Although，但是语意上没有修改but好。
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